3 Biotech最新文献

{"title":"Biogenic gold nanoparticles synthesized using <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. M137-2 as potential vaccine adjuvant.","authors":"Nefise Ünlüer, Aytül Gül-Mete, Elif Esin Hameş","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04389-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04389-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we describe the adjuvanticity of biogenic AuNPs, previously synthesized as 40-50 nm spherical particles from cell-free fermentation broth of <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. M137-2. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), a model antigen, was conjugated to biogenic AuNPs to form AuNPs-BSA. The conjugates were characterize using UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Both biogenic AuNPs and AuNPs-BSA showed high viability (over 70%) in macrophages derived from U937 cells. Biogenic AuNPs enhanced the uptake of conjugated BSA by macrophages. AuNPs-BSA-stimulated macrophages exhibited cytokine levels of TNF-α and IL-6 that were 4.5 times (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and 4.6 times (<i>p</i> = 0.004) higher, respectively, as compared to BSA-stimulated cells. The adjuvanticity of the biogenic AuNPs is likely attributed to their antigen-carrier properties, which enhance antigen uptake by macrophages, as well as their immunostimulatory properties that induce strong pro-inflammatory responses. This study represents the first proposal of biogenic AuNPs as an adjuvant candidate, providing further studies in in vivo models.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 8","pages":"244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12234941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced auxin signalling, increased andrographolide biosynthesis, and antioxidant defence in gold nanoparticles-elicited <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> adventitious root cultures.","authors":"Subramaniyan Rajalakshmi, Davis Megha, Govindarajan Harinikka, Ramamoorthy Siva, Markandan Manickavasagam","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04421-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04421-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used for the first time in this study to enhance andrographolide biosynthesis and auxin regulation in <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> adventitious root cultures (ARCs). ARCs were established from leaf explants in Murashige and Skoog liquid medium with 0.5 mg L⁻¹ naphthalene acetic acid. Pectin-based biogenic AuNPs were synthesized and characterized using multiple analytical techniques. The synthesized AuNPs (15, 30, 45, and 60 mg L⁻¹) were applied to 30-day-old ARCs for 24, 48, and 72 h. Treatment with 30 mg L⁻¹ AuNPs for 48 h resulted in a 7.5-fold increase in andrographolide content compared with the control, as quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed a 20.49-fold upregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, a rate-limiting gene in the mevalonate pathway, indicating its dominance over 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase from the MEP pathway. Auxin-responsive transcription factors <i>ARF1</i> and <i>ARF3</i> were also significantly upregulated (3.13- and 4.69-fold, respectively). Antioxidant enzyme activities, particularly catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, were enhanced by 9.58- and 2.14-fold, respectively. These results demonstrate that AuNPs promote andrographolide accumulation through the coordinated regulation of phytohormone signalling, biosynthetic gene expression, and antioxidant defences. This study highlights the potential of AuNPs as promising abiotic elicitors for boosting the production of secondary metabolites in <i>A. paniculata</i> ARCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 8","pages":"256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12259511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GWAS and haplotype analysis reveal the intricate interplay of hormones in rice seed germination under hypoxic conditions.","authors":"C Vijay Kumar Reddy, Siddharth Panda, Anthony J Travis, Gareth J Norton, Sanjay Kumar, Anandan Annamalai, Adam H Price","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04422-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04422-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genome-wide association mapping of the BAAP panel revealed 14 QTLs significantly associated with anaerobic germination tolerance (AGT), distributed across eight chromosomes. Among these, chromosome 11 emerged as a key region, harbouring two prominent QTL hotspots qAG11.1 and qAG11.2 indicating its major contribution to AGT in direct-seeded rice under flooded conditions. Candidate gene analysis revealed strong associations with key regulators of hormonal and metabolic pathways. Notably, ethylene biosynthesis and signalling genes-OsACO (LOC_Os09g39720, LOC_Os06g37590), CTR1 (LOC_Os09g39320), and ERS1 (LOC_Os03g49500) were linked to enhanced coleoptile elongation under hypoxia. EMF2B (LOC_Os09g13630), involved in ABA-mediated dormancy regulation, and KO1 (LOC_Os06g37330), a critical enzyme in GA biosynthesis, contributed to early seedling vigour. SLR1 (LOC_Os03g49990), a GA signalling repressor, was functionally linked to growth regulation under anaerobic stress. Carbohydrate mobilization genes β-amylase (LOC_Os09g39570) and TPP6 (LOC_Os08g31630) were also strongly associated with AGT performance. Haplotype analysis identified favourable alleles across multiple loci, with genotypes such as ARC 14940 and Boro Black combining superior haplotypes and exhibiting higher germination rates and shoot elongation. These findings provide a robust genetic framework and valuable markers for accelerating AGT breeding in rice through haplotype-based selection.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04422-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 8","pages":"250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12254463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-bacterial activity of silibinin-functionalized silica-coated Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanocomposites on <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.","authors":"Nazanin Pasandideh Kordmahaleh, Mirsasan Mipour, Najmeh Ranji, Mahdi Shahriarinour, Mohammad Nikpassand","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04371-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04371-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nanocomposites were synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The physicochemical analyses confirmed the structural integrity, uniform particle size (34-58 nm), thermal stability (> 600 °C), and magnetic properties of the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites exhibited strong synergistic effects with ciprofloxacin, reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in combination by 4- to 16-fold compared to ciprofloxacin alone. Furthermore, the nanocomposites in combination with ciprofloxacin significantly inhibited biofilm formation in clinical isolates. The gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of key efflux pump genes (<i>mexX, mexY,</i> and <i>oprM</i>), resulting to increased intracellular accumulation of ciprofloxacin. This mechanism potentiated the bactericidal effects of ciprofloxacin, even against resistant strains. These findings highlight the potential of Fe₃O₄@SPN@Silibinin as a biodegradable, stable, and water-soluble nanocarrier for silibinin delivery, offering a novel therapeutic strategy for combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. This study presents a promising approach to addressing the growing threat of antibiotic resistance through targeted drug delivery and genetic modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 8","pages":"253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of crude protein production feed and process for semi-solid-state fermentation of brewing sorghum straw.","authors":"Xinyi Li, Min Li, Chunyan Liu, Kaizheng Zhang, Wei Zou","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04437-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04437-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study utilized alkali-assisted, high-temperature-pretreated brewing sorghum straw (BSS) for semi-solid-state fermentation to produce high-protein feed. Solid-state fermentation with <i>A. niger</i> for enzyme production was used to promote stalk biodegradation, and single-cell strains <i>P. kudriavzevii</i> 26 and <i>B. subtilis</i> D3-1 were chosen for liquid-state fermentation and propagation to enhance crude protein content. Baijiu distiller's grains were added to balance the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of BSS. Using single-factor and orthogonal experimental designs, the optimal solid-state fermentation conditions were established: a 4:1 ratio of BSS-to-distiller's grains, inorganic salt nutrient solution at pH 4, and an 18% inoculation of <i>A. niger</i> for enzyme production, followed by 3 days of fermentation. After increasing the temperature for enzymatic hydrolysis and saccharification, 2% (v/v) urea was added to supplement the nitrogen source. <i>P. kudriavzevii</i> 26 and <i>B. subtilis</i> D3-1 were added sequentially at a 2:1 ratio, with a 12% inoculation amount and a 24-h interval between inoculations. The fermentation was carried out at 34 °C for 5 days. Following process optimization, the fermented feed achieved a crude protein content from 10.41% to 18.06%, a 1.6-fold increase compared to pre-optimization. <b>Highlights</b>Development of a process for the production of feed protein by semi-solid-state fermentation of BSS and distiller's grainFermentation for the production of feed proteins using <i>A. niger</i>, <i>P. kudriavzevii</i> 26 and <i>B. subtilis</i> D3-1 which three strains are used for the sequential fermentation to produce feed proteinsThe addition of distiller's grains to BSS balanced the C/N ratio and eliminated reliance on synthetic nitrogen through a dual-substrate strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 8","pages":"263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12279638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tooth shape and sex estimation: a 3D geometric morphometric landmark-based comparative analysis of artificial neural networks, support vector machines, and Random Forest models.","authors":"Srikant Natarajan, Junaid Ahmed, Ruban Sundarraj, Varenya Vinay, Shravan Shetty, Nidhin Philip Jose, Sharada Chowdappa, Sunitha Carnelio","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04439-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04439-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the performance of three artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms-support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), and Random Forest (RF)-in sex estimation using 3D geometric morphometric data derived from nine permanent tooth classes in 120 individuals (60 males, 60 females). Dental casts from 60 males and 60 females, aged 13-20 were digitized using a 3D scanner. Anatomic and geometric landmarks were identified on nine tooth types (maxillary/mandibular premolars and molars) via 3D Slicer software. Landmark coordinates underwent Procrustes superimposition and principal component analysis. Three AI models (ANN, SVM, RF) were trained on pre-processed landmark data, with performance evaluated using fivefold cross validation, accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC. RF outperformed SVM and ANN across all tooth types, achieving the highest accuracy (97.95% for mandibular second premolars) and balanced precision/recall (0.85-1.0). SVM showed moderate performance (70-88% accuracy), while ANN had the lowest metrics (58-70% accuracy). Maxillary first molars (95.83% accuracy) and mandibular second premolars (97.95%) exhibited the highest sexual dimorphism. RF demonstrated minimal sex bias, whereas ANN struggled with female classification (recall: 0.33-0.88 vs. males: 0.36-1.0). Feature analysis highlighted mandibular premolars as most dimorphic, with RF leveraging complex spatial relationships between landmarks effectively. Random Forest emerged as the most robust model for sex estimation using 3D dental landmarks, likely due to its ability to handle tabular data and high-dimensional feature spaces. Traditional machine learning models (RF, SVM) outperformed ANN, suggesting data set structure and feature engineering influence AI efficacy. These findings underscore AI's potential to enhance objectivity and accuracy in forensic odontology, particularly with geometric morphometric data. Future research should explore hybrid models combining AI strengths with traditional morphometrics for improved reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 8","pages":"273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12297115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144726440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the influence of zeolite and nano-zeolite on growth, physiological and phytochemical parameters of <i>Datura stramonium</i> L<i>.</i> in cadmium-contaminated soil.","authors":"Hamid Mohammadi, Sara Rostamzadeh, Mansour Ghorbanpour","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04442-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04442-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful heavy metal that is not essential for either plants or humans. However, there is limited knowledge about the potential use of zeolite and nano-zeolite in alleviating Cd-induced stress in plants, particularly in <i>Datura stramonium</i> L. This study aimed to investigate how the application of zeolite and nano-zeolite affects various traits of Jimsonweed under Cd toxicity stress. Key aspects examined included plant growth, Cd absorption, relative water content of leaves (RWC), photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels, proline, nitrogen content, and the activity of the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The Jimsonweed plants successfully grew from the onset of cultivation, even in soil contaminated with Cd. They were subjected to various levels of zeolite and nano-zeolite during their growth. Exposure to Cd resulted in decreased root and shoot dry weight, lower nitrogen content in leaves, reduced levels of photosynthetic pigments and RWC, and increased Cd accumulation in the roots, particularly within the shoots. Higher Cd transfer to the shoots was accompanied by elevated levels of H₂O₂, MDA, proline, and enhanced GST enzyme activity. In contrast, the use of zeolite and nano-zeolite had a significant positive impact on several aspects of the plants. It significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased root and shoot dry weight, leaf nitrogen content, levels of photosynthetic pigments, proline, GST activity, and RWC. Moreover, it effectively reduced damage caused by lipid peroxidation and H₂O₂. Furthermore, the application of zeolite resulted in decreased concentrations of Cd in plant tissues and inhibited the transfer and accumulation of Cd in the shoots. The findings indicated that Jimsonweed can accumulate Cd. Additionally, using zeolite, especially nano-zeolite, can effectively limit Cd absorption. Both zeolite and nano-zeolite treatments led to higher accumulations of hyoscyamine and scopolamine, with increases of 67% and 71% over the control, respectively, when exposed to 200 mg/kg of Cd. In conclusion, Jimsonweed has the potential to be used in remediating Cd-contaminated soils. The application of zeolite and nano-zeolite not only helps purify Cd-contaminated soil and reduces the accumulation and transfer of Cd but also enhances the activity of alkaloids and antioxidants, thereby protecting against the damaging effects of Cd-induced stress.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04442-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 8","pages":"266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12290145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144726436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of roasted burdock root tea drink on plasma liver injury indices and faecal microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet.","authors":"Sae Azuma, Mizuki Sato, Ayaka Nakamura, Hajime Takahashi, Junji Inoue, Shu Takayanagi, Madoka Nakamura, Takashi Kuda","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04435-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04435-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to clarify the effects of the roasted burdock root tea (BT) drink on gut microbiota. BT (5%), inulin (INU) (1.1%), or chlorogenic acid (CGA) (0.005%) drinks were administered to ddY mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD; at fat calorie % = 32) for 21 d. Compared with normal chow-fed mice, HFD-fed mice exhibited increased body and liver weights and epididymal fat pads. Body weight gain was suppressed by CGA drink intake (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The levels of plasma liver damage indices (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were reduced by intake of the BT or INU drink but not of the CGA drink. The caecal pH decreased from 7.1 to 6.8 upon BT or INU drink intake. Caecal propionate increased from approximately 4 μmol/g to 8 μmol/g by intake of the BT drink. Sequencing of 16S rDNA (V3-V4) amplicons in faecal samples revealed that HFD increased <i>Lachnospiraceae-</i>like bacterial abundance and reduced <i>Muribaculaceae</i>-like bacterial abundance. The abundance of <i>Faecalibaculum rodentium</i>-like bacteria was increased by BT drink intake, while that of <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>-like bacteria was decreased by BT, INU, or CGA drink intake. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolism prediction suggested that histidine and tryptophan biosynthesis was high in the gut microbiota of mice that consumed the BT drink. These results suggest that BT drink ameliorate HFD-induced liver inflammation and gut dysbiosis better than INU or CGA drinks. However, the properties of the compounds generated during roasting and heat treatment and the effects of BT drink metabolites on the gut microbiota, particularly <i>F. rodentium</i>, warrant further study.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04435-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 8","pages":"265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144726432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of varying dietary proportions of palm kernel meal on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and microbiota in Tibetan sheep.","authors":"Zhang Yu, Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza, Boyan Ma, Zhanhong Gao, Zhiyou Wang, Faisal Al-Sarraj, Ehab Mattar, Nada M Nass, Ahmad F Alhomodi, Qwait AlGabbani, Hajar AlQadeeb, Bandar Hamad Aloufi, Shengzhen Hou, Linsheng Gui","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04430-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04430-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to observe the effects of varying dietary proportions of palm kernel meal (PKM) on fermentation parameters and the rumen microbiota in Tibetan sheep. At farrowing, lambs were identified as having low birth weights (LBWs, < 4.0 ± 0.35 kg) or normal birth weights (NBWs, > 5.50 ± 0.50 kg). NBW lambs were selected for further experiments. On day 60, lambs were weaned onto a common diet. A total of 120 NBW Tibetan male lambs (18.39 ± 1.25 kg) were randomly assigned to four groups. The control group (PKM control, PC) was fed a basal diet, while the three experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with 15% (low-PKM, LP), 18% (moderate-PKM, MP), and 21% (high-PKM, HP) PKM for 120 d, respectively. On days 1 and 120, body weight was recorded per pen to calculate average daily gain (ADG). At the end of the experiment, twenty Tibetan sheep (<i>n</i> = 5 per treatment) were selected randomly for slaughter at a commercial slaughterhouse. The rumen fluid was collected for fermentation parameter and microbiome analysis. The results indicated that both the final weight and ADG of the lambs were significantly lower in the HP group than in the PC, LP, and MP groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, the NH₃-N content and pH of the rumen fluid samples were significantly lower in the HP group than in relative to the PC group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In addition, the relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Patescibacteria were greater in the MP group than in the PC group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The abundances of <i>F082_unclassified</i>, <i>Succiniclasticum</i>, and <i>Prevotella_1</i> (<i>P</i> < 0.05) were greatest in the PC group, whereas the abundances of <i>Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group</i> and <i>Christensenellaceae_R-7_grou</i>p were significantly lower (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In summary, the dietary 18% PKM never negatively affected growth, rumen pH and NH₃-N content of the rumen in Tibetan sheep, potentially related to alterations in the ruminal fibrinolysis-associated microbiota. Our findings provide practical evidence for the supplementation of PKM in Tibetan sheep feeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 8","pages":"268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12290156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144726433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-targeted approach via apigenin-7-O-glucoside for therapeutic intervention of Tau phosphorylating kinases in Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Sneh Prabha, Arunabh Choudhury, Talha Jawaid, Mohammad Umar Saeed, Sonu Chand Thakur, Md Imtaiyaz Hassan","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04413-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04413-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading tauopathies in which several kinases phosphorylate Tau in response to Aβ oligomers, inflammation, calcium dysregulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, or disruption of the key signaling pathways. Tau is phosphorylated by Ser/Thr kinases such as GSK3β, CDK5, MAPK14, and MARK2, as well as Tyr kinases like Fyn. Given the large crosstalk among these kinases, targeting one of these kinases is ineffective in treating tauopathies such as AD, highlighting the need for a multi-targeted approach. In this study, we targeted key kinases involved in Tau hyperphosphorylation using compounds derived from the medicinal plant <i>Berberis lycium (B.ly.)</i>, which is reported to have anti-inflammatory, autophagy, and antioxidant properties. We employed virtual screening, ADMET evaluation, PASS analysis, DFT, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and MM/PBSA studies to assess the interaction of <i>B.ly.</i> compounds with CDK5, Fyn, GSK3β, MARK2, and MAPK14. Apigenin-7-O-glucoside (A7OG) was selected for its strong binding affinity within the ATP-binding pockets of these kinases. MD simulations demonstrated that A7OG exhibited promising inhibitory effects on CDK5, Fyn, MARK2, and MAPK14, with minimal fluctuation in its interaction with GSK3_β. MM/PBSA analyses indicated stable binding energies for all the kinase-A7OG complexes. Our multitargeted investigations revealed that A7OG could be a promising molecule implicated in modulating tau hyperphosphorylating kinases that could lead to the development of therapeutic interventions in AD treatment.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04413-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 8","pages":"252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12254455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}