Multicomponent nanofibrous electrospun dressings, evaluated for the healing of full-thickness excision wounds in a porcine model.

The first layer of the advanced wound dressing comprises a 3 mm layer of copper (oxide) nanoparticles synthesized with the leaf extracts of M. oleifera and Musa, mixed with Cochlospermum gossypium and Acacia arabica gums, and coated on the cotton fabric. By electrospinning at 20 kV, a 9-layered nanofibrous framework of the biopolymers cellulose acetate, gelatin, and marine chitosan, impregnated with bioactives such as carbon dots derived from medicinal plants, green synthesized copper nanoparticles, and phytochemicals extracted with acetone and isopropanol was woven. The core, shell and active layer nanofibers of different polymers, with a fiber diameter ranging from 252 nm to 3.1 µm, were grafted onto the CuNP-coated cotton fabric. Four wound dressings viz., WD1 (L)/WD2 (H) with poly l-lysine in low and high concentrations, and WD3 (L)/WD4 (H) with polyethylene oxide in low and high concentrations, were fabricated to improve the piezoelectric behavior. Of them, WD2 and WD4 showed promising biological characteristics of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial potential. They were endowed with piezoelectric constants of 24.28 pm/V (WD2) and 0.28 nm/V (WD4), and zeta potentials of 57.7 mV (WD2) and 94.6 mV (WD4). Within 8 days of causing full-thickness wounds, the two test items were able to effectively cause quick wound contraction, epithelial tissue regrowth, and elimination of inflammation; by 34 days, normalcy had returned.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04460-w.