3 Biotech最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Osteo-inductive potential of homoeopathy potencies of Asafoetida on multipotent mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.","authors":"Sudhansu Sekhar Moharana, Sumit Mallick, Joel Rimson Pinto, Sudheer Shenoy P, Bipasha Bose","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04479-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04479-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13205-025-04245-1.].</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing: playing a versatile role in mitigating the challenges of sustainable rice improvement.","authors":"Byomkesh Dash, Sudhansu Sekhar Bhuyan, Raj Kishore Sahoo, Nibedita Swain, Kishor Pundlik Jeughale, Suman Sarkar, Ram Lakhan Verma, C Parameswaran, B N Devanna, Sanghamitra Samantaray","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04494-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04494-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Just as Gregor Mendel's laws of inheritance laid the foundation for modern genetics, the emergence of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas systems has catalyzed a new era in precision genome engineering. CRISPR/Cas has revolutionized rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) breeding by enabling precise, transgene-free edits to improve yield, nutrition, and stress tolerance. Advanced tools like base and prime editing further refine these capabilities, offering powerful solutions for climate-resilient agriculture and global food security. The review synthesizes the CRISPR-mediated strategies for improving resistance against major biotic (bacterial blight, blast, sheath blight) and abiotic (drought, salinity, submergence, nutrient deficiency) stresses. Additionally, we explore the critical prerequisites for efficient genome editing in rice, ranging from target site design, PAM specificity, delivery systems (like <i>Agrobacterium</i>, RNPs, and nanoparticle-mediated delivery), to screening and validation of mutants. This review also highlights recent breakthroughs in multiplex genome editing for complex traits, including the development of haploid inducer lines and clonal seed technology. Haploid inducers accelerate breeding by producing homozygous lines without tissue culture, while engineered apomixis enables clonal propagation of elite hybrids. Beyond technical dimensions, this review underscores the broader socio-economic and regulatory implications of genome-edited rice, addressing the emerging ethical concerns, intellectual property issues, farmer access, and equitable technology dissemination in resource-limited agricultural regions. As the global policy landscape transitions to accommodate CRISPR-edited crops, transparent regulatory frameworks, stakeholder engagement, and public perception will play pivotal roles in ensuring sustainable, safe, and inclusive adoption of genome editing in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12408448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated production and protein-protein docking analysis of <i>L</i>-methionase from <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> for enzyme-based anticancer therapy via methionine starvation and epigenetic modulation.","authors":"Bhupender Sharma, Vivek Chauhan, Vivek Kumar Dhiman, Rakesh Kumar, Gaytri Mahajan, Sukhdev Singh, Kanta Sashi, Anjali Kashwal, Shamsher S Kanwar","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04501-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04501-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracellular L-methionine γ-lyase (MGL) from <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> BLM-1 was produced and optimized using a combination of One-Factor-at-a-Time and Response Surface Methodology. Optimal culture conditions, such as pH 9.0, 3% (w/v) lactose, and 1.02% (w/v) malt extract, resulted in the highest intracellular MGL activity (0.235 U/mL), representing a 1.13-fold improvement over initial conditions, with a total yield of 40.80 U from a 2 L optimized broth. Purification using Octyl-Sepharose chromatography produced a highly active multimeric enzyme (~ 250 kDa) with 0.384 U/mL activity, which was confirmed as a heteromeric complex (~ 63 kDa and ~ 117 kDa subunits) by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme displayed strong cytotoxic activity toward methionine-dependent cancer cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 0.023 U for HepG2 and 0.0045 U for A549, while exerting minimal effects on HEK-293 cells. Molecular docking revealed that L-methionine binds to the MGL active site with a binding energy of - 6.5 kcal/mol, and protein-protein docking identified favorable interactions with key methionine pathway enzymes, including METAP2 (- 902.3), MAT2A (- 895.1), and SAHH (- 890.9). These findings highlight the successful optimization of MGL production, its effective purification, and its significant anticancer potential, providing a strong foundation for its development as a therapeutic enzyme for methionine-dependent tumors.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04501-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12417354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrophage marker gene-driven prognostic models for esophageal cancer: integrating multi-omics analysis and therapeutic strategies.","authors":"Zehan Li, Huazhen Wu, Chuzhong Wei, Yunton Jia, Weiqi Zhao, Xiaoli Feng, Fanghui Bian, Pingmei Zhang, Qiyu Liao, Zhiyong Pan, Lingxin Zeng, Jiemin Liang, Yuxiao Tian, Xinyu Wang, Yuyi Liu, Xin Wang, Song Zhu, Ruiming Tang","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04452-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04452-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>By integrating single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing data for esophageal cancer (ESCA), we developed and validated a seven-macrophage-gene prognostic signature (FCN1, SCARB2, ATF5, PHLDA2, GLIPR1, CHORDC1, and BCKDK). This signature effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different overall survival, achieving area under the curve (AUC) values greater than 0.7 for 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival prediction. A high-risk status correlated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, characterized by lower infiltration of B cells and CD8 + T cells, and was associated with reduced sensitivity to multiple chemotherapeutic agents, including Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil. Conversely, a low-risk status was linked to greater immune cell infiltration and higher predicted chemosensitivity. At the single-cell level, pseudotime analysis revealed that macrophage maturation significantly correlated with a decreasing risk score, suggesting that mature macrophages may contribute to a favorable prognosis. Furthermore, cell communication analysis identified high-risk macrophages as dominant drivers of a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment via signaling pathways, such as SPP1 and complement. In conclusion, this seven-gene signature is a robust prognostic biomarker that offers a new strategy for personalized risk assessment and treatment selection in ESCA.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04452-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the improvement of bioactive phytochemicals, antioxidant activities and flavor profiles in soy whey fermented by various native lactic acid bacteria.","authors":"Huilin Li, Jiarong Yang, Zhihong Qiao, Yunping Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04500-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04500-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soy whey, a tofu production byproduct rich in nutrients, is typically discarded. This study investigated five natural lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from spontaneously fermented soy whey (FSW) for their fermentation performance in soy whey medium. The growth characteristics, total phenols and flavonoids compounds, antioxidant activities, and aroma profiles were evaluated. The results demonstrated that all five LAB strains exhibited excellent adaptability in soy whey fermentation. After fermentation, the total phenols and flavonoids compounds increased, total isoflavone glycosides (daidzin, glycitin and genistin) decreased by 38-47%, while their corresponding aglycones (daidzein, glycitein, and genistein) significantly increased to 36.38-40.52 mg/L, resulting in improved bioavailability. A total of 33 volatile compounds were identified, Off-flavors like hexanal (beany odor) decreased, while new esters (ethyl hexanoate and butyl acetate) enhanced the flavor profile. Sensory evaluation showed LAB fermentation improved soy whey's taste, texture and acceptability, with strain 3-1 performing best. Results demonstrate LAB fermentation effectively reduces anti-nutritional factors while enhancing functionality and palatability, supporting fermented soy whey's potential as a functional beverage.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04500-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective role of verbenone against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis in Swiss albino mice: insights into the involvement of NF-κB, caspase-3, and TGF-β signaling pathways.","authors":"Mohd Wasim, Mansoor Ali Syed, Syed Ehtaishamul Haque","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04496-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04496-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclophosphamide (CP), an anti-cancer drug, causes oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis in liver. Verbenone (VRB), a bicyclic monoterpene ketone, having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, was selected to investigate its efficiency in reversing CP-induced hepatotoxicity. We hypothesized that VRB having good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, might neutralize the CP-induced toxicity and offer liver protection. Seven groups of mice were formed (<i>n</i> = 6): Vehicle Control, CP 200, VRB 200 + CP, VRB 300 + CP, FF 80 + CP, FF 80 per se, and VRB 300 per se. CP (200 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected once on the seventh day, while VRB (200 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) and fenofibrate (FF, 80 mg/kg, p.o.) were given daily for 14 days. On 15th day, they were sacrificed and samples for biochemical and histological investigation were taken. CP-treated mice showed an increase in malondialdehyde levels, liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT), inflammatory markers (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase-3), with a decrease in IL-10 and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, catalase, and glutathione). VRB administration significantly improved the liver function by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis and apoptosis. It restored antioxidant enzymes and hepatocyte structure as confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Thus, these findings clearly supported our hypothesis and proved that VRB has a strong hepatoprotective effect that counteracts CP-induced liver toxicity through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic mechanisms. However, further research is needed to be done involving animal cancer models to confirm its potential role and efficiency in reducing CP-induced hepatotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12408882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of probiotic on fecal microbiome of broiler chicken reared at two different high altitude locations.","authors":"Swati, Mayarngam Khansu, Deachan Chuskit, Ashish Kumar Srivastava, Jasdeep Singh, Om Prakash Chaurasia, Lilly Ganju","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04446-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04446-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poultry farming in high altitude like Leh-Ladakh, India is a challenge due to hypobaric-hypoxia environment and probiotic may support gut health, feed efficiency, production and adaptation in chicken. Therefore, the present study was performed to elucidate the role of probiotic on broiler chicken gut microflora from two different high altitude locations; Leh and Chang La. No change was found on the growth of the broiler with probiotic intervention. The fecal microbiota study revealed that the microbial abundance was higher in Chang La samples as compared to Leh samples. At taxonomic level, Chang La samples were dominated by <i>Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Actinobacteria</i> phylum whereas in Leh samples, <i>Elusimicrobia</i> was dominant followed by <i>Nitrospirae</i>. Probiotic treatment had minimal effect on chicken gut microflora at the genus and species level. The probiotic effect on gut microflora of Leh broilers was more diverse as compared to the control group. Contrary, to the Chang La group, the probiotic effect had less diverse microbial population as compared to the control group; maintaining the gut microbiome homeostasis of broiler chicken in such extreme high altitude. The microbial functional annotation revealed differences majorly in pathways related to maintenance of cellular energy homeostasis, glycan and carbohydrate metabolisms, regulatory systems, signaling pathways, environmental processing and cell-cell signaling. The findings of the study are an indicative of diversified gut microflora of broiler chicken from two distinct high altitude locations. The study can further be useful to explore the role of different probiotic strains, their doses or delivery methods for the adaptation of these birds at such extreme environments.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04446-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12408439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold-brewed yellow tea showed stronger inhibition on high-fat diet induced mice obesity than that hot brewed, due to higher non-ester catechins content based on metabolomic profile.","authors":"Lianbao Zheng, Yuanhang Yang, Qun Ye, Fang Wang, Xiaohong Zhang, Zhengyu Hou, Chenghui Lu, Baoming Tian, Renjie Liu, Tong Hu, Weihong Zhong","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04492-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04492-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effect of Mogan large-leaf yellow tea (MG-LYT) on preventing obesity. It was found that cold-brewed yellow tea has stronger anti-obesity effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice than hot-brewed tea, due to its higher content of non-esterified catechins, as shown by metabolomic and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Notably, epigallocatechin (EGC), a key non-ester catechin, likely enhances pancreatic lipase inhibition through allosteric modulation, which explains the greater effectiveness of cold-brewed tea. Dietary supplementation with cold-brewed MG-LYT significantly reduced HFD-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders in mice, including hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and adipose accumulation, while elevating fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels and modulating gut microbiota composition. These findings suggest that cold-brewed yellow tea may be a beneficial daily beverage for preventing obesity, improving metabolic health, and regulating gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12405141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative network pharmacology and experimental validation of rutin-infused collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold for promoting osteochondral regeneration.","authors":"Ashwathi Vijayalekha, Hariram Sridhar, Saranya Srinivasan, Vandhana Anumaiya, Suresh Kumar Anandasadagopan, Ashok Kumar Pandurangan","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04461-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04461-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteochondral defects (OCD), characterized by bone fractures and cartilage degradation, remain a significant health concern worldwide. This study reports on the development and evaluation of a bioactive scaffold composed of rutin, collagen, and hydroxyapatite (RUT-COL-HAP) for osteochondral tissue regeneration. Network pharmacology identified 51 common target genes of rutin related to chondrocyte and macrophage functions, with ten hub genes playing key roles in inflammation, ECM remodeling, and cell differentiation. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between rutin and its targets. The structural and chemical properties of the scaffolds were assessed using SEM (scanning electron microscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The results confirmed the successful integration of all the components and demonstrated enhanced crystallinity, thermal stability, and a highly porous, interconnected architecture, particularly in the RUT5-COL-HAP variant. Porosity analysis showed an increase of 50% with higher rutin incorporation, while swelling and biodegradation assessments revealed that RUT5-COL-HAP maintained structural integrity and exhibited controlled degradation over 14 days. In vitro biocompatibility using MG-63 cells demonstrated over 120% cell viability at 72 h, and zebrafish embryo toxicity assays confirmed rutin's safety across all tested concentrations. Overall, the RUT5-COL-HAP scaffold demonstrated high porosity, favorable swelling behavior, and appropriate biodegradation rates. Structural analyses confirmed the ability of rutin to mimic the native extracellular matrix, and toxicity studies verified the safety of rutin for biomedical applications. Thus, it offers a promising biomaterial for osteochondral tissue engineering, providing an effective strategy for treating OCD and improving the clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive compounds from plant sources: profiling and anti-blight efficacy against phytopathogens.","authors":"Adyasha Anapurba Sahoo, Pragnya Paramita Sahoo, Aswinee Kumar Panda, Preeti Pallavi, Sangeeta Raut","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04485-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04485-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is a major threat to global rice production, leading to yield losses of up to 40% despite extensive disease management practices. The persistence of <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i> (Xoo) necessitates an eco-friendly and effective alternative to synthetic pesticides. This study investigates the bio-control potential of various extracts and essential oils (EO) extracted via hydro-distillation from different plant sources (<i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i> <i>,</i> <i>Azadirachta indica</i> <i>,</i> <i>Mentha spicata</i> <i>,</i> <i>Trachyspermum ammi</i>, and <i>Garcinia mangostana</i>). Among the tested samples, <i>Trachyspermum ammi</i> seed EO (TAEO) exhibited the highest anti-Xoo activity, with an inhibition zone of 4.7 cm. It showed a MIC of 2.5 µg/mL and significantly reduced biofilm formation and xanthomonadin production by 42.1% and 22.6%, respectively, whilst enhancing scavenging activity by 76.67%, suggesting oxidative stress induction. Furthermore, its GC-MS analysis identified the presence of thymol (60.44%), γ-terpinene (17%), anisole (16.2%), sabinene (2.36%), carene (0.44%), myrcene (0.33%), limonene (0.27%), and terpinen-4-ol (0.26%) as major bioactive components. These compounds were validated through molecular docking with the RpfF gene (key pathogenicity factor), which revealed that thymol showed strong binding affinity (-5.5 kcal/mol) with RpfF chain A and had favourable pharmacokinetic properties, supporting its role as a lead candidate for anti-Xoo activity. The bio-control potential of TAEO was further evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in which TAEO-treated Xoo cells proclaimed marked morphological disruption, including reduced cell density, irregular and sunken surfaces, and membrane damage. Thus, this is the first report demonstrating the potent anti-blight activity of TAEO, highlighting its potential as a sustainable plant-derived bio-control agent against Xoo.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}