3 Biotech最新文献

{"title":"Green synthesis of graphene oxide sheets via <i>Morinda citrifolia</i> leaf extract: a sustainable approach for multifunctional biomedical applications.","authors":"Nathiya Thiyagarajulu, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Paramasivam Deepak, M Sonia Angeline, Priya Josson Akkara, L Aranganathan, Vanitha Marunganathan, Alaa S Alhegaili, Ajay Guru","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04531-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04531-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A green and sustainable approach was employed to synthesize reduced graphene oxide (MCrGO) using <i>Morinda citrifolia</i> leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The successful transformation of GO to MCrGO was confirmed through comprehensive spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. Raman spectroscopy exhibited slight shifts in the D and G bands, with an increase in the intensity ratio of D-band to G-band (I_D/I_G) ratio from 0.91 (GO) to 0.92 (MCrGO), suggesting enhanced structural disorder typically associated with effective reduction. Additionally, Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis revealed a marginal increase in the carbon/oxygen (C/O) atomic ratio from 3.49 (GO) to 3.53 (MCrGO), indicating efficient deoxygenation. Transmission Electron Microscopy images demonstrated the presence of ultra-thin, monolayered MCrGO nanosheets with characteristic wrinkles and corrugations, confirming morphological refinement. The biofunctional efficacy of MCrGO was evaluated through in vitro assays. MCrGO exhibited superior antioxidant activity with a maximum DPPH radical scavenging rate of 71.92% at 100 µg/mL, compared to GO. Antibacterial analysis showed significant inhibition zones against G + ve: B <i>subtilis</i> (19.3 ± 0.7 mm) and G-ve: <i>E. coli</i> (15.5 ± 0.3 mm) at 100 µg/mL, indicating potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Cytotoxicity assays on A549 lung cancer cells have shown 54.62 ± 1.6% cell viability reduction compared to 72.84 ± 1.58% by GO at 500 µg/mL. The enhanced biological performance of MCrGO is attributed to the presence of phytoconstituents, including phenols and flavonoids, embedded during the bioreduction process. These findings highlight the potential of <i>M. citrifolia</i>-mediated MCrGO for applications in therapeutics and biomedicine.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04531-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 11","pages":"370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are biosolids safe for agricultural applications? Ecotoxicity, bioavailability, and plant uptake of heavy metals.","authors":"Prerna Yadav, Ankur Rajpal, Yasir Hamid, Vinay Kumar Tyagi, A A Kazmi","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04541-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04541-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The agricultural reuse of municipal biosolids is constrained by heavy metal contamination. This study assessed the ecotoxicity, speciation, and bioavailability of metals in biosolids from ten sewage treatment plants across India. Metal concentrations in matured biosolids decreased in the order: Zn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd > Mo > As > Se. Wheatgrass cultivation in soils amended with 2%, 5%, and 10% (w/w) biosolids was used to evaluate growth response, metal uptake, and stability. Metal mobility, quantified using the Immobilization Ratio (IR), was highest for Cd and Zn (0.208-0.29), indicating greater bioavailability, and lowest for Cu and Pb (0.45-0.55), reflecting higher stability. Biosolid application enhanced plant growth, with 10% amendment producing maximum biomass and shoot length. Over time, declining soil and plant metal concentrations indicated active uptake, with Cr showing the highest accumulation, followed by Mo > Zn > Ni, while As, Se, Cd, and Pb were minimally absorbed. Cr and Mo uptake remained substantial even at lower application rates, underscoring the role of dose in metal transport. Findings highlight that biosolid amendments modify metal bioavailability and plant uptake patterns, and that the IR index is a useful tool for guiding safe land application to limit heavy metal transfer into the food chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 11","pages":"367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12494512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into using <i>Kosakonia oryzae</i> AG15 in liquid formulations containing sodium alginate, glycerol, and gum arabic for the sustainable development of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.","authors":"Adrielle Aparecida Paulista Ribeiro, Tais Magalhães Abrantes Pinheiro, Iara Rossi, Fernanda Mendes Gomes, Amanda Carmelo da Rocha, Igor Romeiro Dos Santos, Fabrício Gomes Menezes Porto, Mayara Teixeira da Silva, Angélica Abadia Paulista Ribeiro, Vicelma Luiz Cardoso, Miriam Maria de Resende","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04537-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04537-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated a liquid formulation containing the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) <i>Kosakonia oryzae</i> AG15 associated with <i>Agave</i> spp., collected in the State of Paraíba, Brazil, and containing sodium alginate, glycerol, and gum arabic as stabilizers. The morphological, biochemical, and functional characterization of the strain confirmed its potential for indole-3-acetic acid production and nitrogen fixation, with growth conditions at 30 °C, pH 7.5, and 24 h of incubation in Luria-Bertani medium supplemented with sucrose, reaching a biomass of 3.25 g L⁻¹. The optimized bioinoculant formulation, composed of 0% sodium alginate, 0.5% glycerol, and 0.5% gum arabic, maintained a viable cell population of 10⁵ CFU/mL during 180 days of storage at 7 °C. As an agronomic application in <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L., the liquid inoculant demonstrated its effectiveness, with increases in root iron content (26.47%), root dry weight (15.15%), shoot dry weight (8.82%), root length (7.4%), and shoot length (26.21%). Taken together, these results suggest that the optimized liquid formulation of <i>K. oryzae</i> AG15, stabilized with gum arabic and glycerol, is a promising bioinoculant for improving the development of <i>P. vulgaris</i> L., and applications in other plants can be explored to support sustainable agricultural practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 11","pages":"371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of molecular characterization of <i>Metastrongylus salmi</i> in pigs from Karnataka, India using mitochondrial COX1 gene.","authors":"Siju Susan Jacob, Snigdha Madhaba Maharana, Kempashi Jayachandra, Narayanaswamy Pradeep, Jagadish Hiremath, Sharanagouda S Patil, Pinaki Prasad Sengupta","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04534-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04534-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microscopical examination revealed the typical features of <i>Metastrongylus salmi</i>, in the present study. The PCR amplification and sequencing of the COX1 gene confirmed 99.7-100% nucleotide identity with reference to <i>M. salmi</i> sequences and less identity with other <i>Metastrongylus</i> species. The phylogenetic analysis grouped the Indian isolates with Brazilian <i>M. salmi</i> sequences in a well-supported clade. Pairwise identity analysis demonstrated clear genetic divergence from <i>M. apri</i> and <i>M. pudendotectus</i>. Haplotype network analysis revealed 15 distinct haplotypes across <i>Metastrongylus</i> species, indicating substantial genetic differentiation. Mismatch distribution analysis suggested a stable population of <i>M. salmi</i> with potential sub-structuring. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns of <i>M. salmi</i>, with implications for its epidemiology and control.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04534-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 11","pages":"368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12494507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-silico identification and functional analysis of high-risk oncogenic nsSNPs in the human SDHB gene and their implications for cancer susceptibility.","authors":"Arif Jamal Siddiqui, Nouha Saleh Buali, Insaf Bahrini, Sadaf Jahan, Mohammed Kuddus, Mohd Adnan, Malvi Surti, Mitesh Patel","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04536-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04536-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 442 non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) in the <i>SDHB</i> gene were screened using four predictive tools: SIFT, AlignGVGD, PANTHER, and MutPred. Four high-risk variants (H132P, R177C, R217C, and R230C) were consistently predicted to be deleterious across all tools. Among them, the R217C variant was prioritized for detailed downstream analysis due to its high oncogenic scores and significant structural disruptions. Conservation profiling indicated these variants occurred at highly conserved and solvent-accessible residues. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed the R217C mutant exhibits increased rigidity, altered radius of gyration, reduced flexibility, and constrained principal motions, suggesting functional damage in mitochondrial Complex II. MuTarget analysis revealed that <i>SDHB</i> has limited transcriptional impact as a genotype but is significantly modulated by upstream mutations in cancers such as colon adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, and ovarian cancer. Survival analysis using TCGA datasets showed a trend toward poorer disease-free survival in sarcoma and lower overall survival in <i>SDHB</i>-mutated stomach adenocarcinoma and PCPG cases. Together, these results highlight the pathogenic potential of specific <i>SDHB</i> nsSNPs, particularly R217C, and support their relevance in cancer development and prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 11","pages":"369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12496343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and biochemical characterization of <i>Bacillus siamensis</i> CIS52 reveals its potential to control phytopathogenic fungi.","authors":"Gisela Adelina Rolón-Cárdenas, Lucina Hernández-Martínez, Juan Ramiro Pacheco-Aguilar, Juan Vázquez-Martínez, Mishael Sánchez-Pérez, Mayra Paola Mena-Navarro, Juan Campos-Guillén, Jackeline Lizzeta Arvizu-Gómez, Abigail Reyes-Munguía, Candy Carranza-Álvarez, Alejandro Hernández-Morales","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04539-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04539-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genome sequencing of <i>Bacillus siamensis</i> CIS52 confirmed its identity and revealed gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of antifungal compounds, including fengycin, surfactin, and bacillaene. Biochemical characterization showed its ability to solubilize phosphate (121.27 ± 0.05 mg/L), produce indole acetic acid (36.93 ± 0.01 mg/L), and exhibit ACC deaminase activity, supporting its role as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. The cell-free supernatant of <i>B. siamensis</i> CIS52 completely inhibited the growth of <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and partially suppressed <i>Phytophthora</i> sp. (53.25 ± 3.44%), <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> (35.11 ± 2.04%), <i>Alternaria alternata</i> (35.09 ± 5.32%), and <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> (16.44 ± 3.36%). Extracts of the cell-free supernatant retained antifungal activity, consistent with the presence of lipopeptide-type compounds as confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. PCR analysis confirmed the presence of biosynthetic genes for iturin (<i>ituA, ituB, ituC,</i> and <i>ituD</i>), fengycin (<i>fenB</i> and <i>fenD</i>), and surfactin (<i>srfAB</i>) in the genome of <i>B. siamensis</i> CIS52. In sealed plate assays, volatile organic compounds from <i>B. siamensis</i> CIS52 reduced the growth of <i>R. solani</i> (73.78 ± 0.77%), <i>S. rolfsii</i> (62.22 ± 0.77%), and <i>A. alternata</i> (61.78 ± 2.04%). GC-MS analysis identified antifungal VOCs, including 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-methyl-3-isopropylpyrazine, and 2-dodecanone. These results demonstrate that <i>B. siamensis</i> CIS52 suppresses phytopathogenic fungi through the combined action of lipopeptides and VOCs, highlighting its potential as a biocontrol agent and plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium for sustainable agriculture.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04539-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 11","pages":"366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12491133/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver nanochitosan: a sustainable approach for enhanced antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer applications.","authors":"Saranya Elumalai, Senthil Nathan Madeshwaran, Ambiga Somasundaram, Pasiyappazham Ramasamy","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04524-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04524-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine-derived chitosan is a valuable biomaterial due to its biocompatibility and functional properties. In this work, chitosan extracted from the cuttlebone of <i>Sepia pharaonis</i> was used to prepare silver-chitosan nanoparticles (Ag-Chi-NPs) by a chemical reduction process. The synthesis was confirmed by comprehensive characterization: UV-Vis spectra displayed a plasmon resonance peak at 420 nm, FTIR identified interactions between amino and hydroxyl groups, XRD revealed crystalline silver phases, and FESEM showed spherical nanoparticles with a size range of 15-40 nm. Following these analyses, the Ag-Chi-NPs exhibited significant bioactivity. Antioxidant activity was substantial, with hydrogen peroxide scavenging of 84.5% (IC₅₀ 18.09 µg/mL), DPPH radical inhibition of 65.6% (IC₅₀ 29.04 µg/mL), and a total antioxidant capacity of 55.5% at 100 µg/mL. Antimicrobial assays further demonstrated inhibition zones of 21 ± 0.6 mm for <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, 19 ± 0.2 mm for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and 14 ± 0.1 mm for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, while <i>Candida albicans</i> showed no susceptibility. Cytotoxicity testing using KB-1 carcinoma cells indicated excellent biocompatibility, with cell viability above 95% at lower concentrations and concentration-dependent inhibition at 200 µg/mL. Overall, these results highlight Ag-Chi-NPs as sustainable bio-nanocomposites that combine antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytocompatibility properties, making them promising candidates for wound healing materials, antimicrobial coatings, and potential therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive role of noncoding RNAs in growth-development and stress mechanisms of <i>Amaranthus hypochondriacus</i>.","authors":"Sarika Sahu, Indra Singh, Priyanka Jain, Rekha Dixit, Jaya Pandey, Ratna Kumari, Ambika Gaikwad, Kishor Gaikwad, Atmakuri Ramakrishna Rao","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04515-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04515-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The characterization of gene regulatory networks by noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) may help understand the growth development and stress tolerance mechanisms of Amaranthus. The study aimed to identify (i) ncRNAs: long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) on <i>Amaranthus</i> genome, (ii) ncRNA regulated genes and their role in plant processes, (iii) noncoding RNA bearing Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers, and (iv) miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA triplet interactions, and study their involvement in growth development and stress tolerance mechanisms. We identified computationally a total of 2690 lncRNAs, 836 miRNAs, 31 circular RNAs and 3506 SSRs on genome and found SSRs on pre-miRNAs and lncRNAs. Majority of predicted lncRNAs were found specific to <i>Amaranthus</i>. The targeted genes of the identified ncRNAs are observed to be involved in growth-development and stress mechanisms. The lncRNA \"Ahy_lnc_0021\" acted as endogenous target mimic (eTM) to inhibit miRNA \"ahy-mir8717\" that targets the gene <i>SHM6</i>, largely involved in folate metabolism as well as in the synthesis of amino acids, vitamin B5 and nucleic acids. The likely involvement of lncRNAs and their targeted genes in growth development, phytophenols synthesis and stress tolerance mechanisms were validated. The key roles of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA associations were also validated and found that the lncRNA \"Ahy_lnc_2243\" enhanced the expression of <i>BRD-proteins</i> by acting as RNA decoy for miRNA \"ahy-mir5298\". A database on findings from the study was populated and made available at https://cirssrdb.rf.gd/ and http://backlin.cabgrid.res.in/Amaranthus_database/index.php.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04515-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Osteo-inductive potential of homoeopathy potencies of Asafoetida on multipotent mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.","authors":"Sudhansu Sekhar Moharana, Sumit Mallick, Joel Rimson Pinto, Sudheer Shenoy P, Bipasha Bose","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04479-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04479-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13205-025-04245-1.].</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12411365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing: playing a versatile role in mitigating the challenges of sustainable rice improvement.","authors":"Byomkesh Dash, Sudhansu Sekhar Bhuyan, Raj Kishore Sahoo, Nibedita Swain, Kishor Pundlik Jeughale, Suman Sarkar, Ram Lakhan Verma, C Parameswaran, B N Devanna, Sanghamitra Samantaray","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04494-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04494-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Just as Gregor Mendel's laws of inheritance laid the foundation for modern genetics, the emergence of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas systems has catalyzed a new era in precision genome engineering. CRISPR/Cas has revolutionized rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) breeding by enabling precise, transgene-free edits to improve yield, nutrition, and stress tolerance. Advanced tools like base and prime editing further refine these capabilities, offering powerful solutions for climate-resilient agriculture and global food security. The review synthesizes the CRISPR-mediated strategies for improving resistance against major biotic (bacterial blight, blast, sheath blight) and abiotic (drought, salinity, submergence, nutrient deficiency) stresses. Additionally, we explore the critical prerequisites for efficient genome editing in rice, ranging from target site design, PAM specificity, delivery systems (like <i>Agrobacterium</i>, RNPs, and nanoparticle-mediated delivery), to screening and validation of mutants. This review also highlights recent breakthroughs in multiplex genome editing for complex traits, including the development of haploid inducer lines and clonal seed technology. Haploid inducers accelerate breeding by producing homozygous lines without tissue culture, while engineered apomixis enables clonal propagation of elite hybrids. Beyond technical dimensions, this review underscores the broader socio-economic and regulatory implications of genome-edited rice, addressing the emerging ethical concerns, intellectual property issues, farmer access, and equitable technology dissemination in resource-limited agricultural regions. As the global policy landscape transitions to accommodate CRISPR-edited crops, transparent regulatory frameworks, stakeholder engagement, and public perception will play pivotal roles in ensuring sustainable, safe, and inclusive adoption of genome editing in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 10","pages":"327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12408448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145013662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}