3 Biotech最新文献

{"title":"Breaking barriers: exploring blood-brain barrier crossing mechanisms with nanomedicine for effective glioma treatment.","authors":"Syed Hammad Ali, Hiba Ali, Midhat Shafi, Abdul Malik","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04378-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04378-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review comprehensively highlights recent studies on the potential immunotherapy targets and nanomedicine strategies to enhance glioma treatment by overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Various nanoparticles, such as liposomes, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), have shown a significant ability to cross the BBB and deliver therapeutic agents to glioma. Surface modification of nanoformulation with transferrin, insulin, and trans-activator of transcription (TAT) peptides has proven enhanced cellular uptake and tumor suppression. Self-targeting carbon dots (CDs) have shown effectiveness even without targeting ligands, indicating their broad potential for crossing the BBB. Polymeric nanocapsules (PNCs) encapsulating Methotrexate significantly reduced tumor volumes in animal models of glioma. Additionally, fucoidan-encapsulated Vismodegib nanoparticles effectively crossed the BBB and exhibited minimal toxicity in healthy brain tissue. Synthetic protein nanoparticles (SPNPs) loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA) achieved an 87.5% long-term survival rate in glioma-bearing mice. Novel systems, such as lipid-calcium phosphate (LCP) nanoparticles and poly (β-L-malic acid), have been utilized to effectively deliver siRNA and immune checkpoint inhibitors, respectively, across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thereby downregulating programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and regulatory T cell (Treg) activity. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapies combined with nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems enhanced brain tumor-specific targeting and improved immune cell infiltration. Despite the success in preclinical studies, challenges remain regarding nanoparticle biocompatibility, off-target effects, and regulatory approval. Nevertheless, these findings support the potential of multifunctional nanomedicines for glioma therapy by enabling BBB penetration, immune modulation, and targeted drug delivery, which can be further improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of the apple NLP (NIN-like proteins) family and their potential role under abiotic stress.","authors":"Junrong Li, Qiandong Hou, Xiangmei Nie, Chunqiong Shang, Qinglong Dong, Qian Wang","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04375-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04375-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>NIN-like proteins (NLPs), unique to plants, are conserved transcription factors that significantly influence nitrate levels. However, a comprehensive analysis of the apple <i>NLP</i> gene family remains lacking. In this study, five <i>NLP</i> members were identified from the apple (<i>Malus domestica</i>) genome, and structural analysis revealed that each member contains RWP-RK and PB1 domains, which were classified into three branches by phylogenetic analysis. Additionally, <i>cis</i>-acting elements associated with abiotic stresses-such as phytohormone and low-temperature response elements-as well as nitrogen (N) response elements were present in <i>MdNLP</i> promoters. RNA sequencing data across various tissues revealed extensive <i>MdNLP</i> expression in leaves, flowers, and fruits. The <i>MdNLP</i> expression patterns under different abiotic stresses were also examined. <i>MdNLP</i> expression was up-regulated after indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA₃) treatments, with <i>MdNLP2</i> and <i>MdNLP5</i> showing the most significant up-regulation post-GA₃ treatment. Most <i>MdNLP</i> genes were up-regulated under low-temperature stress, except for <i>MdNLP3</i>, while most were down-regulated under salt stress. Under low-N stress, <i>MdNLP3</i> and <i>MdNLP4</i> were significantly up-regulated, suggesting their potential as candidate genes to improve N utilization in apples. Therefore, these results lay the foundation for a better understanding of the MdNLP family's role in the low-N stress response and in apple growth and development.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04375-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomedical potential of agricultural waste extracts: phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-parasitic activities.","authors":"Abdulrahman Ali Alzandi, Layla Yousif Abdullah Al Hijab, Somia M Elagib, Deyala M Naguib","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04407-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04407-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The persistent burden of parasitic infections and their established link to carcinogenesis highlight the urgent need for accessible, sustainable therapeutic alternatives. This study evaluated aqueous extracts from six agricultural byproducts-rice straw, wheat straw, maize stalks, sugar cane bagasse, soybean debris, and peanut seed coat-for their phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and biological effects against liver flukes (<i>Opisthorchis viverrini, Opisthorchis felineus,</i> and <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i>), gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, and inflammation models. Phytochemical screening revealed high levels of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, with the peanut seed coat, rice straw, and wheat straw exhibiting the richest profiles. Antioxidant capacities ranged from approximately 45% in sugar cane bagasse to 77% in peanut seed coat. The same byproducts showing high antioxidant activity also demonstrated the strongest anti-parasitic effects, with <i>IC</i> _<i>50</i> values around 0.8-1 mg/mL against <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i>, <i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>, and <i>O. felineus</i>. Anti-inflammatory activity, assessed by albumin denaturation inhibition, exceeded 90% in the most potent extracts and surpassed aspirin in efficacy. In anticancer assays, peanut seed coat, rice, and wheat straw extracts exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity across four gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, with <i>IC</i> _<i>50</i> values below 15 µg/mL. These findings highlight the potential of agricultural residues as rich, low-cost sources of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-parasitic, and anticancer properties.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04407-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the spectrum of heroin-induced changes in the rat brain.","authors":"Proushat Shirvani, Paniz Shirvani, Seyed Mohammadmisagh Moteshakereh, Zahrasadat Lajevardi, Seyedeh Naghmeh Nourirad, Nahal Babaeian Amini, Zahra Niakan, Siavash Parvardeh, Amir-Hossein Bayat, Ramtin Hajibeygi, Kimia Vakili, Fetemeh Navaei, Mohammad Mahdi Mehrabi, Sina Dolatshahi, Hossein Salehi Omran, Mojtaba Sani, Meysam Hassani Moghaddam, Abbas Aliaghaei","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04387-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04387-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged heroin exposure on adult male rats. Our findings demonstrate that this intervention induces deficits in memory, synaptic plasticity, emotional regulation, and motor function. These impairments appear to be associated with reduced levels of BDNF, increased expression of REST/NRSF, and elevated astrocyte activity within the hippocampus. We employed a multimodal approach to assess the impact of heroin in 24 adult male rats following 2 weeks of daily injections. Behavioral assessments were conducted to evaluate memory and anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, followed by tests of neuromuscular and locomotor function. Molecular and histological analyses were subsequently performed to characterize heroin-induced alterations in the brain. Heroin-treated rats showed impaired performance in cognitive tasks, evidenced by reduced scores in the Y-maze and shuttle box tests. Furthermore, heroin exposure negatively affected behavioral scores in the open field test, tail suspension test, and elevated plus maze. Electromyography (EMG) revealed increased latency, indicating disruptions in neuromuscular activity. Indicators of long-term potentiation (LTP), including population spike amplitude, and field EPSP slope, were significantly reduced following heroin administration. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed marked astrogliosis and alterations in BDNF and REST expression in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Additionally, heroin disrupted the spatial organization of neurons. In conclusion, these results suggest that heroin exposure induces structural and functional neuronal changes, likely mediated by neuroinflammation and dysregulated neurotrophic signaling, which may underlie the observed cognitive impairments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12183149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of using nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy: Pros and Cons of clinical usage.","authors":"Hebah Rashid, Swati Acharya, Huzaifa Muhammad, Mohammad Azhar Aziz","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04362-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04362-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer immunotherapy utilizes the immune system to selectively destroy malignant cells. Its effectiveness is often undermined by inadequate immune system activation, immune evasion by tumors, and off-target damage. Nanotechnology has the potential to address these challenges by improving the targeting and delivery of therapeutic agents to the immune system. This review shows that nanoparticles can significantly enhance cancer diagnostics, assist in both passive and active tumor targeting, and improve the delivery of immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell therapies. It is demonstrated that the size and surface charge of nanoparticles, along with functionalization of their components, impact the delivery of therapies and the resulting therapeutic effects. Comparative analyses indicate that organic nanoparticles like PLGA may have lower biocompatibility and higher immunotoxicity compared to inorganic nanoparticles. The use of nanoparticles in combination with radiotherapy also enhances tumor radiosensitization and modulates the immune system, leading to greater tumor regression and improved survival in preclinical models. However, controversies remain regarding nanoparticle immunotoxicity, aggregation, and organ-specific accumulation, which are related to their composition and surface properties. Manufacturing scalability and regulatory hurdles further limit clinical translation. Overall, optimizing nanoparticle design and targeting strategies is essential for maximizing therapeutic efficacy and safety, supporting the advancement of personalized cancer immunotherapies.</p><p><strong>Graphical abstract: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentials of cepharanthine and tomatidine as novel LpxC and TLR4 inhibitors to mitigate gut-mediated inflammation in Parkinson's disease: a high-throughput investigation through molecular docking and dynamic simulation.","authors":"Rubina Roy, Indira Gahatraj, Anupama Sharma, Vishal Kumar, Rajib Paul, Diwakar Kumar, Pallab Bhattacharya, Anupom Borah","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04386-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04386-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut dysbiosis is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), where the interaction between bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and human toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a crucial role. Inhibiting LPS-synthesizing enzyme LpxC and LPS-TLR4 interaction will reduce bacterial load and gut-brain inflammation. Side effects associated with the currently investigated synthetic inhibitors urge the need for effective alternatives. The present study was conducted to identify LpxC and TLR4 inhibitors from phyto-alkaloids, a class well-known for its therapeutic abilities. 505 alkaloids were yielded from the database search, amongst which 314 alkaloids showed gut-blood and blood-brain barrier permeability, and favorable drug-likeness. Site-specific docking of 314 alkaloids yielded 29 and 88 hit ligands for LpxC and TLR4 respectively. Subsequently, the molecular interaction analysis revealed cepharanthine as the most potential dual inhibitor of LpxC and TLR4, followed by tomatidine. Greater affinity, strength, and stability observed in molecular dynamic simulation further strengthened the LpxC and TLR4 inhibition by cepharanthine and tomatidine, with cepharanthine being a more potential TLR4 inhibitor and tomatidine a better LpxC inhibitor. Pharmacokinetic property assessment suggested favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of tomatidine, while the clinical application of cepharanthine for snake bite, leukopenia, and alopecia supports its minimal toxicity. Presenting cepharanthine and tomatidine as dual inhibitors of LpxC and TLR4, the study suggests a plausible multitarget single or combinatorial drug therapy strategy for countering gut dysbiosis and PD. However, preclinical and clinical investigations and improved pharmacokinetics of cepharanthine and tomatidine are warranted to validate our in silico findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lupeol: ethnopharmacological insights and therapeutic potential in human health.","authors":"Achinta Singha, Anirban Chakraborty, Samir Kumar Sil","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04325-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04325-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lupeol, a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid, has gained significant attention for its diverse pharmacological properties, making lupeol a promising therapeutic candidate for chronic disease management. This review explores recent advancements in lupeol research, emphasizing its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and wound-healing effects. Lupeol exerts potent anti-inflammatory activity by modulating key signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, thereby reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with chronic conditions like arthritis, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Its potent antioxidant capacity helps mitigate oxidative stress, a major contributor to chronic ailments. Additionally, lupeol demonstrates anticancer properties by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, and enhancing the efficacy of conventional therapies. Emerging studies highlight its cardioprotective role in preventing atherosclerosis and myocardial injury as well as its neuroprotective potential in combating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Despite its promising therapeutic benefits, challenges, such as poor bioavailability and limited clinical translation, remain significant hurdles. This review underscores the need for advanced drug delivery strategies and further clinical investigations to unlock the full potential of lupeol as a viable therapeutic alternative for chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of ethyl butyrate by a triple cascade process of the continuous submerged and solid state fermentation with corn stover.","authors":"Dongsheng Xue, Jie Huang, Jueyan Chen, Qinyi He, Xuhao Zeng, Xiaowei Chen, Zhiyong Chen, Dejun Duan, Xihuo You","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04385-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04385-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gas lift bioreactor, the anaerobic fermentor and the anaerobic solid state fermentor were connected to continuously produce ethyl butyrate with corn stover as the substrate. The activities of the cellulase from the immobilized <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and the esterase from the immobilized <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> were 9.16 U/mL and 29.16 U/mL in the gas lift bioreactor. The hydrolysis ratio of the corn stover celluose was 55.4% in the solid-state fermentor. During the continuous fermentation from 40.0 h to 120.0 h, the ethyl butyrate concentrations were 30.55 g/kg. The ratios of the total butyrate to the total acetate and the total butyrate to the released glucose were 6.72 and 0.55. Without the involvement of the exogenous cellulase and esterase, the pretreated corn stover was efficiently hydrolyzed to continuously produce ethyl butyrate in the bioreactors cascade of the aerobic submerge and anaerobic solid state fermentation. HighlightsEthyl butyrate was produced by a cascade process of aerobic and anaerobic fermentation.In situ saccharification of corm stover and in situ esterification of ethanol and butyrate was achieved.Ethyl butyrate was continuously produced with corn stover as the substrate.The metabolism burden of transforming cellulose into ethyl butyrate was synergistically shared by three kinds of the microorganism.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole genome sequence analysis of a novel <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. BG6AG reveals its lipase production potential: optimization of the process through Taguchi experimental design.","authors":"Zahra Parwez, Subhransu Sekhar Behera, Ananta Narayan Panda, Sudhansu Kumar Gouda, Lopamudra Ray","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04369-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04369-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study reports a lipase-producing <i>Streptomyces</i> strain BG6AG isolated from Chilika Lake, Odisha, India. Whole genome analysis revealed a genome size of 7,565,774 base pairs with a GC content of 72.2%. The genomic analysis identified 6740 coding sequences, 59 tRNA, and 3 rRNA molecules, utilizing bioinformatics tools such as KEGG, COG, antiSMASH, TYGS, CGView, RGI, and RAST. Biochemical tests confirmed the presence of lipase enzymes in the organism. The lipase production was optimized using Taguchi statistical design, a robust method that enhances experimental efficiency. The results indicated that the optimal medium for lipase production is Minimal Salt Medium (MSM) supplemented with tributyrin, arabinose, asparagine, and Mn²⁺, adjusted to pH 9. Optimization of media has resulted in two-fold increase in lipase production. The findings contribute to the understanding of <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. BG6AG's genomic features and its potential as a source of industrially relevant enzymes.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04369-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-throughput sequencing analysis of community diversity and functional structure of endophytic bacteria in edible vegetable crops: potential implication on plant microbiological quality.","authors":"Adekunle Raimi, Rasheed Adeleke","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04380-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04380-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the diversity and functional structure of endophytic bacterial communities residing within four common leafy vegetables: <i>Brassica oleracea, Lactuca sativa, Allium cepa,</i> and <i>Spinacia oleracea</i>, cultivated under organic (OF) and conventional (CF) farming systems. Utilizing high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the PICRUSt2 pipeline, the research assessed the influence of plant species, organ (leaf/root), and fertilizer type on these microbial communities. Findings revealed that plant species and organ type significantly shaped endophytic bacterial community composition and diversity. Onion communities were distinct, and roots exhibited higher diversity and richness compared to leaves. Fertilizer type significantly impacted overall bacterial diversity, with CF farms showing higher diversity than OF. Microbial network analysis identified keystone taxa, including network hubs like <i>Serratia</i> and <i>Streptomyces</i>, and module hubs like <i>Solirubrobacter</i>, <i>Corynebacterium</i>, and <i>Mycobacterium</i>. Functional predictions indicated diverse metabolic capabilities, with organ type significantly affecting pathway abundance (leaves enriched in carbohydrate degradation, roots in nutrient metabolism/degradation). OF farms showed higher predicted abundance of some potential virulence pathways, while CF farms had higher abundance of certain biotechnological pathways. Vegetable nutrient content significantly correlated with both bacterial community composition and predicted metabolic pathways. This study highlights the complex interplay between farming practices, plant factors, endophytic microbiomes, and their functional potential, underscoring implications for vegetable microbiological quality and potential human health.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04380-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 7","pages":"216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12174041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}