3 Biotech最新文献

{"title":"Keratinase and its diverse applications.","authors":"Varsha Thadiyan, Vibhuti Sharma, Reena Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04319-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04319-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Keratinase is a proteolytic enzyme specialized in the degradation of keratin-rich materials and has garnered significant attention for its potential in various biotechnological applications. This review provides an overview of keratinase, focusing on its structure, classification, function, biochemical properties, mechanisms of action and diverse applications. Keratinase plays an important role in bioremediation and stands out prominently, as it facilitates the eco-friendly degradation of keratinaceous waste materials addressing environmental concerns by reducing pollution and waste accumulation. Moreover, in the textile industry, keratinase plays a pivotal role in bio-pretreatment processes, enhancing the dyeing and finishing properties of animal fibers such as wool and silk. Beyond textiles, this enzyme contributes significantly to animal feed production by hydrolyzing keratin-rich byproducts into digestible components, thereby fostering the creation of high-protein feeds. Its impact extends to the cosmetic and pharmaceutical realms, where keratinase finds use in skincare formulations and in treating certain dermatological conditions owing to its ability to modify and break down keratin structures. By assisting in the removal of dead tissue, it demonstrates potential in biological applications for wound healing. Additionally, the challenges and future perspectives on the commercial scalability of keratinase production and its integration into various sectors are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the modern approaches to enhance fungal endophyte-derived bioactive secondary metabolites.","authors":"Palakjot Kour Sodhi, Tanveer Kour, Gursharan Kaur, Vijay Gahlaut, Santosh Kumar Rath, Vagish Dwibedi, Mahavir Joshi","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04328-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04328-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past few decades, microbial-derived bioactive compounds have been tested for antiviral, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. In addition, fungal-derived bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs) are increasingly being suggested as suitable alternative sources of potent bioactive compounds. The development of suitable, precise in vitro and in vivo screening techniques may contribute to identifying the biochemical and physiological effects of compounds. This advancement in bioassay evaluation techniques helps identify potential bioactive microbes rapidly. The main obstacles, however, have been the production of insufficient amounts of chemicals, endophytes' attenuation or loss of ability to produce the molecule of interest when grown in cultures, and fungal endophytes' failure to exhibit their full biosynthetic potential in lab conditions. These have led to the use of small chemical elicitors that activate the silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in fungi, causing epigenetic alterations that increase the amount of desired metabolites or trigger the synthesis of hitherto unknown compounds. The silent BGCs were activated to maximize production of bioactive secondary metabolites, thereby increasing the yield of desired compounds or triggering the synthesis of novel metabolites. Other strategies include gene knocking, inducing mutations, heterologous expression, one strain-many compounds (OSMAC), epigenetic modifications, etc. This review is focused on the mechanism of plant-microbe interaction in enhancing the biosynthesis of fungal metabolites along with the BGCs for the biosynthesis of the bioactive fungal metabolites. Furthermore, we also discuss the genomic mining approaches for BGCs, the role of ribosomal engineering, precursor feeding, and various elicitors to explore the structural diversity of novel bioactive compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity profiling and HR-LCMS analysis of <i>Indigofera longiracemosa</i> leaf methanolic extract exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity.","authors":"Aswathy Chankaramkandath Vasu, Vignesh Attuvalappil Ravidas, Sheeja T Tharakan, Suraj Kadunganattil","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04320-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04320-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Indigofera longiracemosa,</i> a member of the Fabaceae family documented in traditional medicine for its therapeutic potential, holds promise as a viable natural indigo source. The dearth of reliable and coherent research on the safety and medicinal advantages of phytochemicals obtained from this specific plant species prompted us to examine therapeutic potential of extracts prepared from the leaf and stem of this dye yielding plant. The aerial parts (leaf and stem) of <i>I. longiracemosa</i> were extracted separately using solvents of increasing polarity. In vitro anti-inflammatory studies such as lipoxygenase inhibition, albumin denaturation, and protease inhibitory activity revealed leaf methanolic extract (LME) to show the best anti-inflammatory property. Furthermore, short term toxicity studies (acute and sub-acute) were done in Balb/c mice to evaluate LME's toxicity. In acute toxicity study, LME administered at 2000 mg/kg body weight was found to be non-toxic. Consequently, sub-acute toxicity study was done in both male and female Balb/c mice at three doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively). Following sub-acute toxicity study for 28 days, serum analysis and histological evaluation of tissues did not reveal any signs of toxicity at the administered doses, thereby indicating non-toxic nature of LME. Furthermore, to identify phytochemicals associated with LME, HRLCMS-QTOF untargeted metabolomics was done, and the predominant phytochemicals identified were phenols. The enhanced anti-inflammatory property observed in LME may be attributed to the predominance of phenols. Our studies have, therefore, illustrated the non-toxic nature and therapeutic potential of LME, an extract prepared from <i>I. longiracemosa</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer potential of exosome-like nanoparticles isolated from <i>Acorus calamus</i> in breast cancer.","authors":"Sunny Gupta, Shipra Gupta, Manju Singh, Ashok Kumar Patel","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04349-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04349-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles represent a novel class of plant-based therapeutics with potential anti-cancer applications. The present study aims to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the <i>Acorus calamus</i>-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ACENPs) for their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on breast cancer cells. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that ACENPs exhibited a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 122.4 ± 5.0 nm and a particle concentration of 1.58 × 10¹¹ particles/mL. Cellular uptake studies confirmed the efficient internalization of ACENPs in MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Cytotoxicity assay demonstrated a significant reduction in cell viability by 17.6%, 25%, and 35.8% in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-453 breast cancer cells, respectively. Apoptosis induction was validated through AO/EB staining, DAPI nuclear fragmentation assays, annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and Western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins. Treatment with ACENPs resulted in an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, indicating apoptotic activation. Metabolomic profiling identified bioactive compounds such as arecoline, trigonelline, asarone, and gingerol, known for their anti-cancer properties. Our study findings highlight that ACENPs could be utilized as a promising therapeutic approach for breast cancer treatment. We propose to conduct future research focusing on in vivo validation and optimizing large-scale production for clinical translation.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04349-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potent phytoregulators from <i>Pyrenacantha volubilis</i> targeting ERα: a promising natural alternative for breast cancer therapy.","authors":"Maya Ammathil Manoharan, Senthilkumar Umapathy, Beutline Malgija","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04315-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04315-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) play a vital role in ER + ve breast cancer therapy, but existing synthetic drugs have limitations. This study explores <i>Pyrenacantha volubilis</i> as a potential natural source for SERM using molecular docking, ADMET profiling, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and MM-GBSA analysis, using the Schrödinger Suite. Nine metabolites reported from the species were subjected to analysis, and all except one exhibited superior activity compared to the control. Among these, pumiloside (- 13.06 kcal/mol), strictosidine (- 11.808 kcal/mol), deoxypumiloside (- 11.686 kcal/mol), and strictosamide (- 11.479 kcal/mol) demonstrated stronger ERα binding affinities than control drugs tamoxifen and raloxifene. The receptor-ligand complexes of pumiloside and strictosidine exhibited reasonable interactions, with strictosidine showing the highest glide energy (- 52.418 kcal/mol). MD simulations and MM-GBSA analysis further confirmed the stability of these complexes under physiological conditions, with both compounds showing superior free binding energy compared to tamoxifen. Deoxypumiloside also emerged as a promising candidate with no Lipinski rule of five violations and high oral absorption, but required solubility enhancements. Additionally, 10-hydroxy camptothecin, protonated strictosidine, camptothecin, 9-methoxy camptothecin, 20-deoxy camptothecin, and 20-hexanoyl-10-methoxy camptothecin are other metabolites that exhibited good docking scores and favorable drug-like properties. These findings highlight <i>P. volubilis</i> as a promising SERM source, with strictosidine and pumiloside as lead candidates due to their superior receptor interactions, stability, and energetics. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to validate their therapeutic potential in breast cancer treatment.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04315-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> extract loaded ZIF-8 nanocomposite for lung cancer treatment, an in vitro assessment.","authors":"Lakshmanan Govindan, Prabhu Raju, Surendirakumar Kannaiah, Nivetha Arunprakash, Saud Alqahtani, Kumarappan Chidambaram","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04358-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04358-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medicinal plant-based biocompatible nanomaterials have become increasingly important in the healthcare field. Zeolitic imidazole (ZIF-8) frameworks are fascinating porous crystalline materials that have great attention in the field of drug delivery due to their biodegradability, pH sensitivity to changes in acidic conditions, and chemical durability. The development of ZIF-8 particles loaded with <i>Achyranthes aspera</i> extract (AA) and the evaluation of their anticancer properties are the primary findings of this study. Various spectroscopy and macroscopic strategies were utilized to completely investigate the material characteristics of the AA@ZIF-8 nanocomposite. MTT results of the AA@ZIF-8 nanocomposite demonstrated significant anticancer potential against A549 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 63.22 ± 0.03 μg/mL. Fluorescent microscopy investigations have demonstrated that enhanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to DNA damage, which could be the possible cause for the cytotoxic effects of an AA@ZIF-L nanocomposite on the A549 cells. The materials' biocompatibility has been proven via the <i>Artemia salina</i> acute toxicity test. The <i>Artemia salina</i> acute toxicity assay results confirmed that the nanocomposites' LC₅₀ value was 160.13 ± 2.82 μg/mL, with a nontoxic nature. According to the research findings, AA@ZIF-8 nanocomposite is a promising biocompatible material for drug delivery system for lung cancer therapy and other biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AUNIP was a candidate marker for prognosis and immunology in pan-cancer.","authors":"Xiaorong Guo, Ting Liu, Nan Li, Li Jin","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04294-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04294-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AUNIP (Aurora kinase A[Aurora-A] and ninein-interacting protein), is a key factor regulating the end-state of DNA cleavage. It has been reported that AUNIP affects the progression of some tumors; however, the molecular functions involved in AUNIP remain unknown. We employed some databases, such as TCGA, GTEx, TIMER, GEPIA2, cBioportal, and GSCALite, to study AUNIP gene expression, prognosis, gene variation, and drug sensitivity. The relationship between AUNIP and clinicopathological information was explored using Wilcoxon test. The association between AUNIP and TMB, MSI, immunocyte infiltration, and immune checkpoints were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. We employed GSEA to research the functional mechanisms involved in AUNIP for pan-cancer. Moreover, we conducted immunohistochemistry (IHC) to investigate AUNIP difference expression between liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) and normal tissues. The Chisq test was used to study the correlation of AUNIP with clinical characteristics. AUNIP was highly expressed in majority of tumors and IHC analysis demonstrated that AUNIP expression was higher in LIHC than normal tissues. AUNIP overexpression had adverse outcomes in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), brain lower grade glioma (LGG), LIHC, mesothelioma (MESO), and sarcoma (SARC). Furthermore, high AUNIP expression led to unfavorable prognosis in LIHC. AUNIP was associated with T stage, N stage, and clinicopathological analysis in several cancers and AUNIP expression had a correlation with histologic grade in LIHC by IHC. Mutation analysis showed that AUNIP was the highest frequency of genetic changes in cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL). AUNIP was negatively associated with 30 small-molecule drugs that inhibit tumor development. AUNIP expression had association with TMB, MSI, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoints for various tumors. GSEA results suggested that AUNIP mainly participated in the cell cycle, DNA replication, mismatch repair, and homologous recombination.Pan-cancer study considered AUNIP as a potential prognostic marker and high latent diagnostic biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> L. extract and atorvastatin in HFD-induced MAFLD: in vitro and in vivo exploration.","authors":"Saumya Rastogi, Vishwajeet Bachhar, Vibha Joshi, Sanjay Kumar, Dharamveer Panjwani, Lakhveer Singh, Rajesh Haldhar","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04322-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04322-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, we investigated the therapeutic potential of combining <i>Glycyrrhiza glabra</i> L. (<i>G. glabra</i> L.) extract with atorvastatin for the treatment of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), using both in vitro and in vivo models. Phytochemical analysis of the <i>G. glabra</i> L. extract revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. The extract exhibited total phenolic content (TPC) of approximately 218.77 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content (TFC) of 137.09 mg QCE/g, and significant antioxidant activity as evidenced by DPPH assay with an IC₅₀ value of ~ 30.71 ± 0.108 µg/milk. The anti-bacterial activity of the extract, measured by the zone of inhibition (ZOI), was notable against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) (~ 31 mm) and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (<i>B. subtilis</i>) (~ 34 mm). Furthermore, the combination of <i>G. glabra</i> L. extract and atorvastatin enhanced anti-bacterial activity against <i>E. coli</i> (~ 29 mm) and <i>B. subtilis</i> (~ 34 mm). In the in vivo model, Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups and fed an HFD for six weeks. Biochemical investigation scrutinizes hepatic function, lipid profile, and antioxidant status. The treatment group significantly improved body weight, hepatic function, and lipid biomarkers. Antioxidant assays indicated restoration of liver enzyme activity. Histopathological examination revealed marked hepatocyte ballooning in the disease control group, while the treatment group exhibited restored hepatic architecture. These findings suggest that gut dysbiosis, influenced by HFD, contributes to MAFLD pathogenesis, and combined <i>G. glabra</i> L. extract and atorvastatin may offer a promising therapeutic approach.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04322-5.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosome miR-152-3p derived from small intestinal epithelium modulates aging process in adipocytes.","authors":"Wenjuan Di, Cheng Xue, Yunyun Lin, Wenling Zhang, Yichan Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04346-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04346-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exosomes play a crucial role in facilitating intracellular communication between cells and tissues. The small intestine epithelium secretes exosomes, which is involved in various physiologic and pathologic processes. In this study, we investigated the effects of exosomal miR-152-3p derived from small intestinal epithelium on the aging process of adipocytes and its potential downstream mechanism. The exosomes derived from small intestinal epithelial cells were identified and characterized by TEM, NTA, and Western blot (WB). CCK-8 assay demonstrated the concentration-dependently increased 3T3-L1 cell viability by exosomes. PCR, Mito-Tracker red and DCFH-DA staining demonstrated the increased mtDNA content, mitochondrial activity, and the declined ROS content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes co-cultured with young exosomes. WB, PCR, β-galactosidase staining and ELISA demonstrated that the senescence was suppressed, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and PPARgamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) expression were upregulated, the levels of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were decreased in 3T3-L1 adipocytes co-cultured with young exosomes. Luciferase reporter assay determined the binding between miR-152-3p and PGC-1α. WB and PCR manifested that miR-152-3p was lowly expressed in young exosomes and miR-152-3p could decrease PGC-1α expression and increase the expression of senescence-related genes. Moreover, ITT and GTT and H&E staining in in vivo elderly mouse model demonstrated that miR-152-3p inhibitor decreased visceral fat, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and inhibited aging. WB and PCR suggested that miR-152-3p inhibitor enhanced PGC-1α expression, suppressed the expression of senescence-related genes and proinflammatory factors in vivo. In summary, intestinal exosomes affect the browning function of adipocytes through miR-152-3p, modulating the aging process.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QBD-based optimization of sequential extraction of anthocyanins from Krishna Tulsi (<i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i>): investigation of its bioactivities for biomedical applications.","authors":"Amrita Chatterjee, Rajdeep Saha, Ravi Adinarayan Somabattini, Satish Kumar, Riya Ghosh, Anupam Roy, Uma Ranjan Lal, Kunal Mukhopadhyay, Satheesh Kumar Nanjappan, Biswatrish Sarkar","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04334-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04334-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Krishna Tulsi (<i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i> L.), is known for its rich polyphenolic composition, including anthocyanins, which contribute to its bioactivity. Efficient extraction methods are critical to maximizing the yield of these bioactive compounds. This research focuses on optimizing the parameters for the extraction of anthocyanins from <i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i> L. using response surface methodology. Extraction conditions were designed with the Box-Behnken model varying solvent concentration [ethanol (20-80%), HCl (0.1-2.2%), and temperatures (10-55 °C)]. Further responses such as total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were validated. Anthocyanins such as peonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, and their derivatives were identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Bioactivities such as DNA protection, antibacterial properties, and <i>in-silico</i> binding affinity with biofilm-forming proteins were assessed. Optimal conditions (79.396% ethanol and 1.288% HCl at 21.102 °C) yielded 188.16 mg/g anthocyanins, with IC₅₀ values of 12.28 and 20.74 µg/mL in DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The extract reversed Fenton's reaction of oxidative damage to calf thymus DNA. It exhibited significant antibacterial activity against gram-negative (<i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>) and gram-positive (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>) bacteria. In addition, considerable biofilm inhibition (ranging from 91 ± 6.110 at 4*MIC to 30.667 ± 3.055% at MIC/2 for <i>S. aureus</i>) and destruction of bacterial surface morphology were observed in FESEM. Docking studies revealed strong binding affinities of cyanidin and peonidin derivatives with biofilm-forming proteins (PDB id-3TIP and 4KH3), highlighting their potential as biofilm inhibitors. Therefore, by integrating computational and experimental strategies, these findings support the development of phytopharmaceutical formulations leveraging anthocyanins from Krishna Tulsi as potential therapeutic agents in the future.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04334-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}