3 Biotech最新文献

{"title":"Isolation, characterization, and genomic analysis of <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> M1 and <i>Staphylococcus capitis</i> D3 nitrate-reducing bacteria from fermented Korean food.","authors":"Seon-Ung Jeong, Gyeong-Seok Kang, Cheon-Seok Park, Jong-Hyun Jung, Hyunsoo Chun, Dong-Ho Seo, Donghyun Shin","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04414-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04414-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitric oxide plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body via various functions, such as vasodilation and neurotransmitter activity. However, after 40 years of age, its production decreases by 50%, and after 70 years, almost no nitric oxide is produced. Nitrate-reducing microorganisms could be a promising approach to increase the production of NO. In this study, we isolated nitrate-reducing microorganisms from traditionally fermented foods. Of the 2628 isolated bacteria, 367 reduced nitrates. Two strains that exhibited high nitrite production were <i>Pediococcus pentosaceus</i> M1 and <i>Staphylococcus capitis</i> D3. The D3 strain was confirmed to be coagulase negative. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of the M1 and D3 strains was conducted using the Illumina and Nanopore hybrid methods. <i>P. pentosaceus</i> and <i>S. capitis</i> had 1216 and 1846 core genes, respectively. Furthermore, virulence factor analysis revealed the absence of enterotoxin genes in <i>S. capitis</i>. A search for genes associated with nitrate metabolism revealed the presence of genes, such as <i>narZ</i> and <i>glnR</i>. Evaluation of the nitrate reduction based on carbon source revealed that the M1 strain efficiently utilized glucose, whereas the D3 strain did not efficiently use the carbon source. Finally, acid and bile resistances were measured for the strains. The survival rate of M1 was found to be 96.59% (acid) and 93.92% (bile), whereas that of D3 was 17.46% (acid) and 65.1% (bile). Further research is recommended to explore the potential applications in commercial food products and to evaluate their long-term safety and efficacy.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04414-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12332161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implicating neuroinflammation in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdala with cognitive deficit: a narrative review.","authors":"Vandana Blossom, Sheetal D Ullal, Melisha M D'Souza, Anu V Ranade, Nayanatara A Kumar, Rajalakshmi Rai","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04468-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04468-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroinflammation is known to be a contributing factor for several neurological disorders as well as cognitive dysfunction. Different signalling pathways, and a variety of supporting cells of CNS are suggested to be involved in the progression of neurodegeneration. Among the factors contributing to neuroinflammation, peripheral inflammation takes a lead role according to recent research, since persistent peripheral inflammation is believed to disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This, in turn, allows the peripheral immune cells to infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS), triggering a chronic inflammatory response. Microglia and astrocytes, the key glial cells in the CNS, become overactivated, resulting in the unwarranted generation of the proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF- α, IL- 1β, and the IL-6. While acute neuroinflammation is initially beneficial in repairing neuronal damage, prolonged activation contributes to the oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation and neural degeneration. The dysregulation of the neuroinflammatory process is likened to the deposition of the amyloid precursor proteins (APP), tau pathology and the synaptic dysfunction, ultimately impairing cognitive function. Key brain regions like the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdala are particularly vulnerable to neuroinflammatory damage. Chronic inflammation in these areas disrupts synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and neurotransmitter stability, leading to cognitive decline and several neurological disorders. Understanding the regional specificity of neuroinflammatory responses provides valuable insights into mechanisms underlining cognitive impairment. Multifaceted treatment approaches like improvement in the delivery of drugs across the BBB, disease-specific cytokine centred treatment and improving the gut microbial environment with lifestyle changes would help in inhibiting the progression of neuroinflammation and associated cognitive dysfunction in various neurodegenerative diseases. This review is an attempt to differentiate the impact of neuroinflammation on major regions of the brain associated with cognition, so that future studies targeting neurotherapeutic strategies might get benefited, by understanding the mechanism of the inflammatory pathway that affects the brain and a spectrum of cognition. Here, we also discuss the influence.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12398459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma: traditional approaches and novel interventions.","authors":"Chirag Shetty, Rajesh Tamatta, Namdev Dhas, Abhishek Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04493-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04493-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and is characterized by rapid growth, diffuse infiltration, and resistance to conventional therapies. This review explores pathophysiology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic advancements of GBM. GBM is highly heterogeneous and can be classified into molecular subtypes based on genetic and epigenetic alterations, influencing patient prognosis and treatment response. Despite advances in surgical techniques, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, survival remains limited, with a median of 15-18 months. Emerging therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy, tumor treatment, oncolytic virotherapy, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery, are under investigation to increase treatment efficacy. Immunotherapy, particularly checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T-cell therapy, has potential but faces challenges due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment of GBM. Oncolytic viruses and personalized vaccines aim to trigger antitumor immune responses, whereas nanotechnology-based approaches enhance drug delivery across the blood‒brain barrier (BBB). This review highlights the urgent need for multimodal strategies that integrate novel therapies with existing standards to improve patient outcomes. Future research should focus on overcoming treatment resistance, leveraging molecular profiling for personalized medicine, and exploring innovative drug delivery systems.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04493-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12394108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of <i>Streptomyces achromogenes</i> MAA01-influenced hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide nanocomposites for bone ossification.","authors":"Kavitha Kandiah, Windu Negara, Priyadharsan Arumugam, Ramesh T Subramaniam, Murni Handayani, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04444-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04444-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposites infused with <i>Streptomyces achromogenes</i> MAA01-pretreated graphene oxide (GO) for bone tissue engineering. Hydrothermally synthesized HAp/GO (HH-G) nanocomposites showed rod with sheetlike structures with nano level crystallite size, and appropriate bioactivity and degradability. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the successful reduction of GO to reduced graphene oxide (rGO), enhancing antibacterial properties and cellular interactions. Among various formulations, the HH-G0.5 (1:0.5 ratio) nanocomposite demonstrated superior performance, promoting in vitro osteoblast proliferation, upregulating osteogenic gene markers (COL1, OCN, and ALP) in 2 folds, and exhibiting an appropriate Ca/P ratio (1.67) for optimal bone mineralization, as confirmed by in vivo analysis. The <i>Streptomyces</i> MAA01 pre-treatment notably improved antioxidant capacity and maintained a non-toxic profile. Histopathological evaluations showed non-significant toxicity or organ accumulation in liver and kidney tissues. In vivo implantation studies in Wistar rats further confirmed that HH-G0.5 significantly enhanced bone regeneration compared to pure GO or HAp. These results suggest that HH-G0.5 is a promising and safe and highly effective candidate for future clinical applications in bone tissue regeneration and repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12339857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing <i>Escherichia coli</i> cell density and recombinant protein production through the control of acetate accumulation.","authors":"Veerapandu Sangareddy, Maheshwara Reddy Mallu, Ramesh V Matur, Fayaz Basha Shaik, Balaprasad Nettem, Santhivardhan Puladas","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04490-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04490-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Escherichia coli</i> is widely used in biopharmaceutical production due to its ability to grow aerobically and produce proteins intracellularly. However, the limitation of the <i>E. coli</i> fermentation process is acetate accumulation, a by-product of overflow metabolism during high-glucose aerobic growth, which negatively impacts cell growth and protein expression. Traditional strategies to mitigate this include genetic modifications or low-density fermentation, which have significant limitations. In the present study, a novel fed-batch fermentation strategy was developed to reduce acetate accumulation and enhance the production of recombinant pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA). A design of experiments (DOE) was conducted to optimize the culture media and develop a real-time, feedback-controlled feeding strategy that prevents acetate accumulation without requiring genetic alterations. Initial runs with 20 g/L glucose resulted in acetate accumulation of 7-8 g/L and limited biomass growth. By lowering glucose concentration to 10 g/L and inducing a carbon-limited phase via controlled feeding, <i>E. coli</i> cells switched from acetate production to consumption through the reverse Pta-AckA pathway. This shift led to an over 80% reduction in acetate levels. Optimized conditions consistently yielded higher cell densities. OD₆₀₀ values of 100-120 were achieved. The desired yield of the protein pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) was 3.0 g/L, representing a 2.0-fold increase over unoptimized runs. SDS-PAGE and quantitative analyses confirmed consistent robust protein expression. The strategy was validated across multiple batches, proving reproducible, scalable, and regulatory friendly. This approach offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative to genetic modification for controlling overflow metabolism and enhancing recombinant protein yields in <i>E. coli</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12390910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing the hypoglycaemic agents for neuroinflammation, a comprehensive review.","authors":"Vandana Blossom, Sheetal D Ullal, Rajalakshmi Rai, Melisha Michael D Souza, P Gopal Govind Kalluraya, Ayush Dixit, P J Jiji, B V Murlimanju","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04455-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04455-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The shared pathways between neuroinflammation and diabetes mellitus involve the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent production of the IL-1β. Chronic hyperactivation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and innate immunity are implicated in neurological disorders and diabetes. Repurposing drugs with anti-inflammatory properties allows for faster clinical translation in neuroinflammation as compared to developing new drugs from scratch. Few repurposed drugs have already undergone safety and efficacy testing for other conditions, making them attractive candidates for the neuroinflammatory disorders. Gliburide, an oral hypoglycaemic effectively inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome, signifying that it may be used to treat the neuroinflammation-related disorders. A GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide established encouraging effects in regulating hyperglycaemia and possibly lowering neuroinflammation. Patients who were obese and receiving liraglutide saw improvements in their glycaemic control and a decrease in neuroinflammatory markers in addition to the weight loss. Studies on mice suggested that, sulphonyl-ureas have properties to decrease the neuroinflammatory conditions and has potential benefits by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, modulating lipopolysaccharide induced micro and astroglial neuroinflammation by activating the ERK/STAT3/NF-κB signalling pathways. Empagliflozin offered neuroprotection and helped in neurovascular remodelling, which is crucial for maintaining cognitive function. Repurposing is already-approved for the antidiabetic medications, such as insulin, metformin and thiazolidinediones. Insulin may be a viable and effective approach to treat neuroinflammation. In conclusion, the interplay between diabetes and neuroinflammation highlights the importance of metabolic health in neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding these shared pathways can inform strategies for prevention and treatment, potentially targeting both conditions simultaneously.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"281"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12325842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative analysis of DEGs and regulatory networks in T2DM: identification of core genes and regulatory elements as novel therapeutic targets.","authors":"Madhu Yadav, Yusuf Akhter","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04453-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04453-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and debilitating condition characterized by both insufficient production of insulin and insulin resistance, leading to poor blood sugar control. India ranks second globally in diabetes prevalence, with approximately 77 million individuals currently affected by the disease. Although extensive research has been conducted, the molecular mechanisms of T2DM remain inadequately understood, which continues to pose challenges in the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we analyzed the GSE25724 microarray dataset and identified 2048 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with T2DM. Among these, key hub genes include <i>ESR1, JUN, STAT3, CALM3, FN1, CXCL8, HIF-1α, FOXO3, CASP3, APP,</i> and <i>HSPA8</i>, which were identified through Cytoscape as central regulators, implicating inflammatory and immune pathways in T2DM progression. Using NetworkAnalyst, identified key transcription factors (<i>DDIT3, KLF12, HINF, SLC17A6, SP1, MAP1B, TUSC3</i> and <i>GALNT1</i>) and microRNA (hsa-miR-16-5p, hsa-miR-26b-5p, hsa-miR-93-5p, hsa-miR-192-5p, and hsa-miR-155-5p) that regulates important genes involved in T2DM, highlighting the complex gene regulation behind the disease. Genes such as <i>MAPK1, JUN</i>, and <i>CREB1</i> from key signalling pathways, as well as <i>PCSK1, COL3A1</i>, and <i>PTGS2</i> identified through gene-disease association databases, have strong links to type 2 diabetes. These genes are believed to play potential roles in the development and progression of T2DM by participating in biological pathways relevant to the disease. Among the hub genes, <i>POU3F1, CX3CL1</i>, and <i>PCSK1</i> exhibited strong diagnostic accuracy for T2DM, with each achieving ROC curve and AUC values greater than 0.90. This indicates exceptional sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing T2DM from non-diabetic controls. Overall, our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism of T2DM and identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets that may support future precision medicine strategies to enhance diagnosis and treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04453-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12334398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized nanoparticles based on β-chitosan and styrene copolymer derivative for donepezil delivery.","authors":"Fahima M Helaly, Ahmed A F Soliman, Eman AboBakr Ali","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04425-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04425-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing a drug delivery strategy that can cross the blood-brain barrier is crucial to effective neurological treatment. In this work, a new strategy was introduced for efficient drug delivery of Donepezil based on the preparation of polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) nanogel from β-chitosan (CS) and the prepared sulfonated styrene-maleic anhydride (S-SMA). First, low-molecular-weight SMA was prepared. Then, sulphonation of SMA was carried out. Three PEC nanoparticles were prepared by mixing three different ratios of S-SMA with β-chitosan. The structure and characteristics of the nanoparticles were thoroughly investigated. Varying S-SMA content (donated CS-S1, CS-S2, and CS-S3) for fixed a β-CS content, the surface charge and average size of the nanoparticles were tunable<i>.</i> Donepezil hydrochloride (DH) was encapsulated successfully in the nanoparticles CS-S3 and donated as CS-S3-DH. Additionally, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that almost 50% of the nanoparticles particles had diameters of 27 ± 0.1 and 111 ± 0.4 nm for CS-S3 and CS-S3-DH, respectively. The in vitro drug release study indicates a sustained release of DH for 72 h. In addition, the in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory was investigated. The result showed that AChE inhibitory percentages were 16.5 and 63.9% for CS-S3 and CS-S3-DH, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12378271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Beauveria bassiana</i> as a versatile biocatalyst: advances in regioselective hydroxylation and applications in biological control.","authors":"Lixiang Zhao, Shuping Zou, Yaping Xue, Yuguo Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04456-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04456-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Beauveria bassiana</i> exhibits remarkable biocatalytic versatility in regioselective hydroxylation, enabling efficient functionalization of chemically inert substrates. This fungus demonstrates high regio-selectivity and stereoselectivity across diverse compounds, including aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic substrates. Notably, <i>B. bassiana</i> has demonstrated key hydroxylation achievements, efficiently hydroxylating compounds, such as stemodin and stemodinone, to produce intermediates for essential drugs with yields of up to 53%. Strain optimization via CRISPR/Cas9 editing and adaptive evolution has expanded substrate scope and improved yields, while organic solvent supplementation enhanced biocatalytic efficiency. We emphasize its genomic and enzymatic foundations, industrial applications, and role in insect pest control through virulence-linked hydroxylation pathways. For instance, <i>B. bassiana</i> has been successfully employed in the biological control of various pests, including lepidopteran and coleopteran species. However, challenges, such as non-target organism impacts and resistance development, necessitate integrated strategies, including targeted delivery systems and combinatorial biocontrol approaches. Industrial applications leverage <i>B. bassiana</i> for synthesizing drug intermediates and bioactive metabolites with enhanced aromatase inhibition. Future directions include elucidating novel hydroxylases, refining genetic engineering for host specificity, and optimizing fermentation processes to bridge bio-catalysis with sustainable agriculture and green chemistry.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04456-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12321731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of zinc-selenium nanocomposites and its hormetic effect on physio-morphological parameters, antioxidant and fatty acid composition of <i>Brassica napus</i> L.","authors":"Zohaib Younas, Laiba Fatima, Ilyas Ahmad, Zia-Ur-Rehman Mashwani","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04428-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-025-04428-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated the hormetic effect of Cobalt-60 (⁶⁰Co) gamma irradiation treatment and zinc-selenium nanocomposites on two canola (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) varieties. Zinc-Selenium nanocomposites (Zn-Se NCs) was synthesized from <i>Allium sativum</i> and <i>Mentha arvensis</i> extracts and characterized through UV-visible spectroscopy (peak absorbance at 295 nm), FTIR (13 functional group peaks acting as capping/stabilizing agents), SEM (spherical morphology, 164 nm average size), and zeta-potential (-32.9 mV). (RCBD, three replications) evaluated the combined A factorial experiment (RCBD, three replications) evaluated the combined effects on physico-morphological traits, antioxidant activities, and fatty acids compositions. The combined application of (⁶⁰Co) irradiation and Zn-Se NCs significantly enhanced plant height, leaf area, fruit pod number, and 100-seed weight in canola. The Zn-Se NCs treatments alone increased stem diameter and number of leaves/plants more significantly than irradiation and Zn-Se NCs combined effects. Treatment with ⁶⁰Co at Gy-20 and Zn-Se NCs at 75 and 100 mg/L increased Chl a, Chl b, and total chlorophyll content by 43%, 66%, and 46%, respectively. Plants exposed to irradiation and Zn-Se NCs had little impact on total carotenoid content, relative water content, and membrane stability index. Antioxidant enzymes activities rose significantly under combined irradiation (Gy-10) and Zn-Se NCs (75-100 mg/L) for SOD (79%), POD (208%) and CAT (119%) as compared to the control. At 50 mg/L, Zn-Se NCs boosted DPPH (31%, Gy-20) and ABTS (29%, Gy-10) in both Canola-Super8 and NARC-Sarson. Furthermore, (⁶⁰Co) irradiation and Zn-Se NCs substantially enhanced percentages of oil, protein, oleic acid and linolenic acid compared to control plants. Canola-Super8 seeds treated with Gy-30 irradiation significantly reduced glucosinolates to 13.15 μg/mol, addressing key anti-nutritional factors. These finding highlights the potential of cobalt-60 (⁶⁰Co) irradiation and Zn-Se NCs as sustainable tools for canola biofortification, offering a novel strategy to simultaneously boost crop productivity and seed quality.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04428-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 9","pages":"280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12325829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}