3 Biotech最新文献

{"title":"Facile preparation of polyethyleneimine-conjugated silver sulfide nanoparticles as near-infrared-responsive to sterilization of multidrug resistant uropathogens, and cytotoxicity activity.","authors":"Hind A Al-Shwaiman, Rustem R Zairov, Alexey P Dovzhenko, Asad Syed, Manjula Subramaniam, Ling Shing Wong, Baadal Jushi Janani","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04168-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04168-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present the chemical synthesis of polyethyleneimine-conjugated silver sulfide nanoparticles (PEI/AS) utilizing an economical solvothermal synthesis method, aimed at developing effective alternative antibacterial agents. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized materials, both with and without the application of near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, was evaluated in vitro against two distinct clinically relevant multi-drug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic strains: <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The bactericidal effects induced by NIR light indicate that the PEI/AS nanoparticles possess an efficiency that is five times greater than that of Ag₂S alone. A suggested antibacterial mechanism posits that the wrapping of PEI increases electrostatic interactions, thereby facilitating the attachment of Ag₂S nanoparticles to the bacterial surface. This process leads to the disruption of the outer membrane through the generation of localized heat and an increased concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anions (·O₂ ^-) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH). In addition, the mechanism involves the regulated release of Ag⁺ ions when exposed to NIR light irradiation. The combined action led to an over 95.79% elimination of bacteria at a concentration as low as 50 μg mL^-1, which can be primarily ascribed to the regulated photothermal effect induced by 808 nm near-infrared light irradiation, demonstrating exceptional photothermal conversion efficiency. These results paves a way for manufacturing innovation in future.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04168-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic exploration of Surfactin-capped silver nanoparticles: bioinformatics insights, antibacterial potency, and anticancer activity.","authors":"Vivek Chauhan, Akash Pandey, Gaytri Mahajan, Vivek Dhiman, Shamsher S Kanwar","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04174-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04174-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surfactin lipopeptides (LPs) are a compelling class of biosurfactants with notable antimicrobial and anticancer properties. This study presents a novel approach by integrating bioinformatics tools to assess the drug potential of Surfactin, specifically focusing on its antibacterial, antifungal activities, and cancer cell-line toxicity. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Surfactin, a biosurfactant derived from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> KLP2016, as a capping agent, both in the presence and absence of Surfactin, to evaluate its impact on nanoparticle stability and bioactivity. The Surfactin-capped AgNPs demonstrated enhanced stability, uniformity, and antimicrobial efficacy, confirmed through UV-VIS spectroscopy, FE-SEM, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The bioinformatics approach, including ADMET and PASS analysis, revealed the potential of Surfactin as a potent antimicrobial and anticancer agent. In addition, molecular docking studies further validated the interaction of Surfactin with key microbial cell-wall enzymes and proteins, underscoring its therapeutic potential. These findings suggest that Surfactin-stabilized AgNPs, combined with bioinformatic predictions, could pave the way for innovative antimicrobial and anticancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEGylated iron oxide-gold core-shell nanoparticles for tumor-targeted delivery of Rapamycin.","authors":"Suhana Koothradan, Safia Nayeem, K K Elyas","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04189-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04189-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapamycin analogs are approved by the FDA for breast and renal cancer treatment. Hence, the possibility of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of Rapamycin could be examined. In the present study, PEGylated Gold-core shell iron oxide nanoparticles were used for the targeted delivery of Rapamycin, and R-Au-IONPs were formulated. SEM, XRD, and FTIR determined the smooth spherical morphology, and compositional structure, and confirmed the conjugation of Rapamycin onto the NPs. The in vitro drug release study showed a controlled release of the drug over time. R-Au-IONPs showed significant cytotoxicity in MCF 7 cells. Anti-proliferative assays such as trypan blue dye exclusion assay, microscopy, Fluorescent staining, and clonogenic assays were performed. NH staining, Rhodamine 123 staining, PS externalization, and the cleavage of PARP protein by western immunoblot assays confirmed the induction of apoptosis. The mechanism of R-Au-IONP-induced cell death was analyzed by flow cytometry. Our in-vitro study, on the impact of R-Au-IONPs on cell viability in the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), confirms the efficacy of drug delivery using the nanoparticle system. Further results implied the induction of apoptosis. This drug delivery system using Rapamycin could be a potential candidate in the treatment of breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11669639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142902345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid detection of cardamom mosaic virus in crude plant extracts using reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow assay (RT-RPA-LFA).","authors":"M Greeshma, A I Bhat","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04191-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04191-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardamom mosaic virus causing mosaic/<i>katte</i> disease is the most destructive virus infecting cardamom. The development of effective diagnostic assays is essential for the production of virus-free plants, as the primary spread of the virus occurs through vegetative propagation. Currently used PCR-based assays are not suitable for Point-of-Care testing, require sophisticated equipment, and are time-consuming. Hence, in the present study, an assay based on reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) combined with lateral flow assay (RT-RPA-LFA) was optimized for the specific, and sensitive detection of CdMV. The forward and reverse primers selected for RT-RPA were labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and biotin respectively at the 5´end. The tedious total RNA preparation was avoided by using the crude extract as a template for the assay. A magnesium acetate concentration of 14 mM, 0.4 M betaine, temperature from 37 to 42 ℃, and 20 min of incubation time were found optimum for the assay. The entire RT-RPA-LFA from sample preparation to visualization of results could be completed within 40-50 min and the assay is suitable for Point-of-Care testing. The assay is specific for CdMV and could detect the virus up to 10^-5 dilutions of the crude extract. The assay was validated using field samples collected from different cardamom-growing regions of Kerala and Karnataka, India.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04191-4.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 1","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organocatalysed synthesis of <i>N</i>-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4<i>H</i>)-yl)isonicotinamide: computational, electrochemical, drug-likeness and antimicrobial studies.","authors":"Radhika R Mane, Deepak A Yaraguppi, Zabin K Bagewadi, Kantharaju Kamanna","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04188-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04188-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have developed novel and sustainable homogeneous catalysts employing Glutamic acid (Glu) as a biodegradable and eco-friendly organocatalyst for the synthesis of <i>N</i>-(4-oxo-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-3(4<i>H</i>)-yl)isonicotinamide derivatives (<b>5a</b>-<b>l</b>) via multicomponent reactions (MCRs) of isatoic anhydride, isoniazid and heteroaromatic/aromatic aldehyde in ethanol on oil bath stirring at 60 °C. Selected final product homogeneity was examined by various spectroscopic techniques such as ¹³C-, ¹H- NMR, FT-IR and LC-MS. For the first time, herein investigated electrochemical behavior of selected derivatives (<b>5c, 5h</b>-<b>l</b>) using cyclic voltammetry method. The results of this investigation indicated compounds <b>5i, 5h</b> and <b>5l</b> exhibited highest levels of oxidation and reduction potential. Further, pharmacokinetic properties were assessed via SwissADME online tool, derivatives tested complied with Lipinski's rule of five for drug-likeness. Furthermore, molecular docking studies demonstrated for significant binding between the protein and ligand, and affinity values ranged from - 8.91 to - 8.45 kcal/mol, and MM/PBSA estimated high negative values suggested significant interactions between ligand and protein. Moreover, antibacterial evaluation of compounds <b>5i</b> in water, and <b>5k</b> in DMSO on <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> showed pronounced effect with inhibition zone of 15 ± 0.6 mm and 20 ± 0.4 mm, respectively as compared to the standard tetracycline inhibition zone of 15 ± 0.5 mm.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04188-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 1","pages":"30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11699011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing machinery as a cancer therapeutic tool with the help of nanomedicine.","authors":"Hina Fatima, Dimple Singh, Huzaifa Muhammad, Swati Acharya, Mohammad Azhar Aziz","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04186-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04186-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9) has revolutionized gene editing tools and paved the way for innovations in medical research for disease diagnosis and treatment. However, better specificity and efficient delivery of this gene machinery make it challenging to successfully edit genes for treating various diseases. This is mainly due to cellular barriers, instability in biological environments, and various off-target effects that prohibit safe and efficient delivery under in vivo conditions. This review examines several delivery modes [plasmid, mRNA, RNP (ribonucleoprotein)] and methods for the CRISPR-Cas9 system delivery, focusing on its potential applications in cancer therapy. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity are crucial factors determining their safe and effective use. Various nanomaterials have been reviewed for their biocompatibility, limitations, and challenges in treating cancer. Among the reviewed nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) stand out for their biocompatibility due to their biomimetic lipid bilayer that effectively delivers CRISPR/Cas9 cargoes while reducing toxicity. We discuss challenges in in vivo delivery and associated findings such as encapsulation, target delivery, controlled release, and endosomal escape. Future directions involve addressing limitations and adapting CRISPR-Cas9 for clinical trials, ensuring its safe and effective use.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11656010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the effectiveness of curcumin and papain in wound dresses based on chitosan nanoparticle.","authors":"Niloufar Elhami, Mohammad Pazhang, Younes Beygi-Khosrowshahi, Amir Dehghani","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04193-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04193-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, chitosan/curcumin (CS/Cur) and chitosan/papain (CS/Pa) nanoparticles were prepared and then characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential light scattering (DLS). Subsequently, release rate, porosity, swelling, degradability, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cell viability tests were conducted to investigate and compare the healing potential of the nanoparticles for various types of wounds. The results of FTIR, XRD, and DLS indicated that the nanoparticles were manufactured correctly with a hydrodynamic diameter of 429 nm (CS/Cur) and 460 nm (CS/Pa), and zeta potential of 4.32 mV (CS/Cur) and 7.57 mV (CS/Pa). The release rate results indicated a higher release rate in a basic environment (pH 8.4) for curcumin, a higher release rate for papain in an acidic environment (pH 6.4), and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model for the release of curcumin and papain. The results indicated that CS/Cur with 41.6% antioxidant activity, high antibacterial effect, and cell growth up to 616% during 7 days, was more effective than CS/Pa. In comparison, CS/Pa (with a porosity of 70.5% and a swelling rate of 1392%) was more advantageous than CS/Cur in terms of porosity and swelling. In addition, CS/Cur was as effective as CS/Pa in terms of degradation and anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, the outcomes represented that the CS/Cur and CS/Pa nanoparticles improved wound healing, and each was suitable for specific wounds and wound healing stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POU4F1 enhances lung cancer gemcitabine resistance by regulating METTL3-dependent TWF1 mRNA N6 adenosine methylation.","authors":"Jianfeng Tang, Zhijian Liu, Guanghui Xie, Chenbin Wang, Yongjun Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04161-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04161-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the role of POU Class 4 Homeobox 1 (POU4F1) in regulating gemcitabine (GEM) resistance in lung cancer cells. The mRNA and protein expressions were assessed using RT-qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed by CCK-8 assay and EdU assay. TUNEL staining and flow cytometry were employed to detect cell apoptosis. The m⁶A modification of TWF1 was detected using MeRIP assay. The interactions between molecules were validated using dual luciferase reporter gene, ChIP, and RIP assays. POU4F1 knockdown inhibited GEM resistance and autophagy in lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, POU4F1 transcriptionally activated methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3) in GEM-resistant cells by binding to the METTL3 promoter. METTL3 promoted the N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) modification and expression level of twinfilin-1 (TWF1). Overexpression of METTL3 and TWF1 weakened the effects of POU4F1 knockdown on GEM resistance and autophagy. Moreover, knockdown POU4F1 also enhanced GEM anti-tumor sensitivity in vivo. In conclusion, POU4F1 upregulation promoted GEM resistance in lung cancer cells by promoting autophagy through increasing METTL3-mediated TWF1 m⁶A modification.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04161-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene characterization of <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd. and <i>Chenopodium album</i> L. accessions: unmasking genetic diversity.","authors":"Babita Kumari, Nikhil Kumar Chrungoo","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04173-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04173-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Chenopodium</i> L. includes the domesticated seed crop <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd. and the semi-domesticated seed/fodder <i>Chenopodiumalbum</i> L., both valued for their high protein content and high-quality grains. This study investigates the morphological and molecular characteristics of starch granules in 50 accessions including <i>C. quinoa</i> Willd. and <i>C. album</i> L<i>.</i>, to elucidate variations in amylose content and genetic markers. Starch granules were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, revealing primarily angular to polygonal shapes with an average size of ~ 1.5 µm. Dynamic light scattering showed size variation: <i>C. album</i> L. granules ranged from 115.1 ± 8.09 to 192.5 ± 5.11 nm, while <i>C. quinoa</i> Willd. granules from 204.5 ± 21.45 to 263.9 ± 12.48 nm. Apparent amylose content (AAC) was categorized via iodine staining into high (> 25%), intermediate (19-25%), low (11-19%), and very low (5-12%) classes. The results demonstrated a wide AAC range, with <i>C. album</i> L. displaying a broader spectrum compared to <i>C. quinoa</i> Willd. The molecular characterization of the <i>Waxy</i> locus, crucial for amylose synthesis, was performed using PCR and sequencing. The <i>Waxy</i> locus, consisting of 13 exons and 12 introns, showed significant sequence similarity with <i>Chenopodium</i> species. The key single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AAC levels were identified, including variations in exons 1, 4, 6, 9, and 13. A 100 bp deletion in intron 9 was specific to <i>C. album</i> L<i>.</i>, facilitating the development of an allele-specific PCR marker to distinguish between <i>C. quinoa</i> Willd. and <i>C. album</i> L. The phylogenetic analysis of <i>Waxy</i> sequences divided accessions into two primary clusters, reflecting their A-genome and B-genome origins. The study enhances understanding of genetic diversity and offers insights for breeding applications in <i>Chenopodium</i> species.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04173-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11646240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Genebank of India for safe conservation of horticultural plant diversity: four decades of milestones.","authors":"Ravi Gowthami, Anuradha Agrawal, Subhash Chander, Ruchira Pandey, Neelam Sharma, Sandhya Gupta, Vartika Srivastava, Era Vaidya Malhotra, Sangita Bansal, Surendra Kumar Malik, Anju Mahendru-Singh, Gyanendra Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04177-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04177-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>India is a treasure trove of biological diversity with its plant genetic resources playing a crucial role in the crop improvement serving as the foundation for the country's sustainable food and nutritional security. India's in vitro genebank (IVG) is part of the National Genebank at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR). The IVG houses distinctive multi-crop repository that utilizes several tissue culture techniques for short- to medium-term storage in in vitro active genebank (IVAG) and cryoconservation approaches for long-term storage in in vitro base genebank (IVBG). In IVAG, germplasm is conserved under normal and slow growth conditions with a subculture period of 1-36 months depending on the species/genotype and conservation approach. Currently, the IVAG holds 2,038 germplasm accessions (69 genera and 171 species) from six crop groups, viz<i>.</i> (a) tropical fruit crops (449), (b) temperate and minor tropical fruit crops (408), (c) tuber crops (530), (d) bulbous and ornamental crops (187), (e) medicinal and aromatic plants (232), and (f) spices and industrial crops (232). For long-term conservation, in vitro produced explants of various species are cryopreserved at the IVBG in liquid nitrogen. Utilizing various cryoconservation procedures, 347 accessions from several crop groups have been successfully conserved in the IVBG. Over the past four decades, in vitro conservation has been accomplished by the above mentioned cutting-edge techniques. This report highlights the efforts and achievements of the National Genebank in conserving horticultural genetic resources through in vitro and cryoconservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11649606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}