3 Biotech最新文献

{"title":"Green Synthesis of <i>Cymodocea serrulata</i> Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Sustainable Antibacterial, and Mosquito Control and their  Toxicity to non-target Organisms.","authors":"Vadivel Amutha, Paramasivam Deepak, Chidambaram Tamilselvan, Latha Tamilselvan, Ramasamy Selvaraj, Ajay Guru, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, Nathiya Thiyagaraulu, Dilipkumar Aiswarya, Manon Mani Vellingiri, Chinnamani Prasannakumar, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Shaik Althaf Hussain","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04312-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04312-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, and filariasis have become serious global health concerns due to their contagious nature and widespread prevalence. In this study, ZnO NPs biosynthesized using the seagrass extract of <i>Cymodocea serrulata</i> (CS-ZnO NPs) were prepared from the leaf part and evaluated for their toxicity potential against the larvae, pupae, and adults of various mosquito species, including <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>, and <i>Anopheles stephensi</i>. The CS-ZnO NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, and zeta potential analyses. The CS-ZnO NPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against tested bacterial strains: <i>Pseudomonas otitidis</i> (22 ± 0.81 mm), <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (18.66 ± 0.47 mm), <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (14 ± 0.81 mm), and <i>Serratia marcescens</i> (9.66 ± 0.47 mm). Among the mosquito species tested, <i>A. stephensi</i> exhibited the most effective toxicity response. The ovicidal activity of CS-ZnO NPs against <i>A. stephensi</i> showed 12% egg hatchability at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Furthermore, the larvicidal efficacy of CS-ZnO NPs against <i>A. stephensi</i> displayed strong lethal effects, with LC50 and LC90 values (in µg/mL) recorded as follows: 2.79 and 72.86 for the first instar, 5.89 and 209.93 for the second instar, 7.38 and 328.43 for the third instar, 9.56 and 435.36 for the fourth instar larvae; 8.18 and 357.68 for pupae; and 4.51 and 238.96 for adults. Biosafety assessments were conducted on <i>Danio rerio</i> embryos and <i>Artemia salina</i> nauplii to confirm the non-toxic nature of CS-ZnO NPs. Overall, <i>C. serrulata</i>-synthesized CS-ZnO NPs present a promising, eco-friendly alternative for controlling mosquitoes and eradicating deadly mosquito-borne diseases such as filariasis, dengue, and malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated insight and in silico investigation of hybrid <i>bis</i>-thiazolidinone derivatives along with anti-Alzheimer activity.","authors":"Shoaib Khan, Tayyiaba Iqbal, Mujaddad Ur Rehman, Muhammad Bilal Khan, Mohammad Shahidul Islam, Kholood A Dahlous","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04313-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04313-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the current study, a novel route was established for the synthesis of hybrid benzothiazole derived thiazole bearing <i>bis</i>-thiazolidinone-chalcone (1-15) scaffolds. These compounds were screened for their biological potential as anti-Alzheimer therapeutic agents by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. The biological evaluation and molecular docking studies revealed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against both enzymes, outperforming the standard drug, donepezil. Among them, Analog 15 demonstrated remarkable therapeutic potential, with IC₅₀ values of 3.30 ± 0.70 µM and 3.80 ± 0.90 µM, as well as strong binding affinities/docking scores of - 8.97 and - 12.84 kcal/mol for AChE and BuChE, respectively. Additionally, enzyme kinetics analysis using Lineweaver-Burk plots confirmed the mode of inhibition of the synthesized analogs. Pharmacokinetic predictions further supported the drug-like properties of these compounds, highlighting favorable pharmacological profiles, including good water solubility, non-carcinogenicity, and biological safety. The findings presented in this study provide compelling evidence for the anti-Alzheimer potential of these novel scaffolds, warranting further investigation through in vivo studies and clinical exploration to assess their full therapeutic applicability.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04313-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation landscape in nanobiosensors for COVID-19 detection and future implications for a resilient Global Health Security.","authors":"Abhijit Poddar, S R Rao","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04342-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04342-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review presents a comprehensive analysis of nanobiosensors (NBSs) advancements for COVID-19 detection, highlighting their repurposing potential to enhance global health security against emerging threats. It outlines the use of various nanomaterials like gold and magnetic nanoparticles in developing NBSs for detecting SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing their adaptability and rapid detection capabilities. Gold nanoparticles are highlighted for their superior surface chemistries and stability, making them ideal for label-free COVID-19 detection and other diagnostic applications. Magnetic nanoparticles, particularly superparamagnetic iron oxides, offer alternative detection mechanisms based on magnetism, providing high sensitivity and reliability in pathogen detection. The document also discusses nonmetallic nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes and selenium nanoparticles, which have been used to develop optical and electrochemical NBSs for COVID-19 detection. Breathalyzers are recognized for their noninvasive, rapid detection of volatile organic compounds specific to COVID-19. Such advancements in NBSs have significantly contributed to global health security by providing reliable, portable, and affordable diagnostic solutions, especially in resource-limited settings. However, despite technological advancements, commercialization and market adoption challenges persist, necessitating improvements in manufacturing scalability, cost reduction, and clinical validation. The document emphasizes the need for transparent and efficient regulatory strategies to address concerns related to nanomaterial toxicity, health effects, and environmental impact during the R&D phase. While presenting a comprehensive framework for successful research to market translation, this review highlights the need for cross-sectoral collaboration to tailor country-specific nanotechnology roadmaps for optimized resource allocation, navigating diverse regulations, and addressing unique societal needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triclosan promotes neurotoxicity in diabetic conditions: an in vivo molecular assessment using zebrafish model.","authors":"Sankar Dakshitha, Rym Ghimouz, Raghul Murugan, Vanitha Marunganathan, Raghunandhakumar Subramanian, Anitha Roy, Ajay Guru, Jesu Arockiaraj","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04352-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04352-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread environmental presence of triclosan (TC), a common antimicrobial agent, has raised concerns about its potential metabolic and neurological effects, particularly in susceptible populations such as individuals with diabetes. This study investigated the neuronal effects of TC in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic zebrafish larvae using network pharmacology, toxicity assays, and gene expression analysis. Network pharmacology identified 99 overlapping diabetes-related targets, with KEGG analysis implicating AGE-RAGE signaling and cholinergic synapse pathways in diabetic and neuronal complications. Acute toxicity testing revealed that TC and STZ co-exposure caused developmental abnormalities, including pericardial edema, and reduced survival (48%) compared to TC (76%) or STZ (68%) alone. Oxidative stress assays demonstrated synergistic reactive oxygen species elevation in the TC + STZ group, supported by upregulated antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-related genes. Neuronal toxicity assessments showed reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and impaired locomotor behavior in diabetic larvae exposed to TC, indicating disrupted cholinergic signaling and cognitive dysfunction. Behavioral analyses confirmed hypoactivity and erratic swimming patterns, aligning with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that TC exacerbates diabetes-associated hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity, with synergistic effects under diabetic conditions. The study highlights the need for diabetes-specific therapeutic strategies, such as antioxidant and neuroprotective interventions, and stricter safety guidelines for TC use in diabetic populations.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04352-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxicity evaluation of <i>Curcuma aromatica</i> Salisb. rhizome extract via apoptosis and reactive oxygen species generation in human gastric cancer cells.","authors":"Chinh Chung Doan, Thanh Long Le, Nguyen Quynh Chi Ho, Dinh Thach Bui, Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen, Nghia Son Hoang","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04318-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04318-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Curcuma aromatica</i> Salisb. (<i>C. aromatica</i>) has been reported to have anti-proliferative activities against different types of cancer, including colon, lung, skin, and prostate cancer. In this study, we aimed to determine whether <i>C. aromatica</i> rhizome extract (CAE) exhibited cytotoxic and apoptotic effects against gastric cancer cells. CAE exerted cytotoxic effects on different cancer cells by suppressing cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner, while its effects on normal cells were minimal at equivalent doses. The extract showed induction of apoptosis in gastric cancer AGS cells via activation of extrinsic apoptosis. This effect was associated with the upregulation of proteins related to death receptors, including Fas, FasL, DR5, FADD, and caspase-8. Additionally, it activated intrinsic apoptosis by causing mitochondrial dysfunction. This was linked to a downregulation of Bid expression, an increment in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and a disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). As a result, cytochrome c was released into the cytoplasm, leading to activation of caspase-9 and -3, followed by cleavage of PARP. Moreover, blocking the activity of caspase-8, -9, and -3 by specific caspase inhibitors protected AGS cells against apoptosis by CAE treatment. Also, CAE significantly promoted cell death in AGS cells via an augmentation in ROS generation, which was attenuated by a potent antioxidant, NAC. Alternatively, curdione, curcumenol, and germacrone were found in CAE as potential active constituents. Our results suggested that CAE triggered apoptosis via the activation of both exogenous and endogenous apoptosis pathways and the enhancement of intracellular ROS generation in gastric cancer AGS cells. Thus, CAE might be a novel potential candidate for the treatment of gastric cancer.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04318-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12055678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ability to use ITS and rbcL sequencing for determination of the genetic diversity and relationships among olive (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.) genotypes.","authors":"Sobhan Firouzi, Mahmood Solouki, Bahman Fazeli-Nasab, Ali Salehi-Sardoei, Mehrnaz Hatami, Mansour Ghorbanpour, Baohong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04336-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04336-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Olives are of considerable economic and commercial importance and are mostly used in both daily life and industries. The DNA barcode method has a lot of potential for reviving the science of arithmetics and traditional biodiversity studies, so it has been widely used on plants and for classification and arithmetic purposes. In this study, we sequenced seven different olive genotypes (<i>Olea europaea</i> cv. Olive yellow, <i>O. europaea</i> cv. Oliy, <i>O. europaea</i> cv. Roodbar Oily, <i>O. europaea</i> cv. Mari, <i>O. europaea</i> cv. Fishemi, <i>O. europaea</i> cv. Manzanila, <i>O. europaea</i> cv. Koroneiki) to study their diversity and evolution. The data were analyzed using Clustalw2 and BioEdit software. The homology rate of rbcL and ITS sequences was all in the range of 97-100%. It was identified, for ITS, 1,059 genetic luci (580 luci without deletion and addition and 479 luci with deletion and addition (328 luci polymorphs, 151 monomorphs), 217 singletons, and for rbcL, 565 genetic luci with ( 60 luci without deletion and addition and 505 luci with deletion and addition (2 luci with polymorphs, 503 monomorphs), 1 singleton. It was determined that the number of four haplotypes (haplotype diversity index = 0.80) was determined for ITS and three haplotypes (haplotype diversity index = 0.71) for RBCL. The results indicated that in the nucleotide sequence of the ITS gene among olive varieties, guanine was the most abundant base at 28.7%, while adenine had the lowest abundance at 5%. In contrast, the rbcL gene showed that thymine was the most abundant base at 29.8%, with cytosine being the least abundant at 20.6%. Estimates of nucleotide transitions in the ITS gene revealed a high frequency of pyrimidine transitions, with a thymine-to-cytosine transition rate of 16.84% and a cytosine-to-thymine transition rate of 11.63%. The ITS primer successfully identified and separated only six genotypes, whereas rbcL identified all seven genotypes. Although the success rates of 60-70% for both ITS and rbcL may not seem particularly high, they still significantly contribute to large-scale biodiversity inventories, especially for olive species.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04336-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of <i>Artemisia annua</i> for artemisinin production: current insights and emerging strategies.","authors":"Divya Vashisth, Sudhanshu Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04332-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04332-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria is a deadly disease, and the best effective treatments depend on artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone compound isolated from the plant <i>Artemisia annua</i>. However, artemisinin is produced in very small amount within the plant which is insufficient to meet the global demand. Although researchers have investigated synthetic and semi-synthetic approaches, they still face significant challenges, such as high costs and low efficiency, making <i>A. annua</i> the most viable source. Biotechnological advances in breeding and genetic engineering have developed new <i>A. annua</i> varieties with higher artemisinin content, and some varieties have achieved up to 3.2% of plant dry weight. Furthermore, researchers have identified the key genes and transcription factors that can be modified to boost production further. Environmental factors, such as light and specific plant hormones, play a crucial role in regulating this pathway. Also, tissue culture, hairy root systems, and natural elicitors have shown promising results, but need further refinement. Interestingly, the use of whole plants (such as dried leaf powder) instead of purified artemisinin alone has been found to improve drug absorption in the body, improve its effectiveness, and help combat artemisinin resistance. Beyond treating malaria, <i>A. annua</i> also demonstrates other therapeutic potential in treating other diseases, including cancer and viral infections. These findings highlight that <i>A. annua</i> is not just a source of artemisinin; it is a valuable medicinal plant that deserves continued research focus, primarily through approaches that improve artemisinin production directly in the plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lini</i> based on ITS and SSR Markers and identification of resistance of Indian Linseed (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i> L.) to <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lini</i>.","authors":"Gopala, Beena Nair, J M Parbat, Jivan R Katore, M Sujatha, A L Rathnakumar, R K Mathur, Divya Ambati, S S Mane","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04339-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04339-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different isolates of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lini</i> (Fol) collected from seven linseedgrowing states in India were analyzed for their cultural characteristics, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity using ITS and SSR markers. The isolates exhibited varying colony colors (white, pink, purple) and textures (fluffy, appressed), with white being the most common. Pathogenicity tests on 52 linseed cultivars using a virulent isolate (Fol-4) revealed wilt incidence ranging from 2 to 87%, with RLC-92, RLC-148, RLC-133, Selection EC99001, and Binwa showing resistance. Further screening of 23 cultivars against six Fol isolates identified RLC-92, JLS-95, and RLC-148 as resistant across all tested isolates. ITS analysis generated a 650 bp amplicon, confirming 99-100% sequence identity with <i>F. oxysporum</i> (GenBank Accession Nos. ON714898 to ON714911). Genetic diversity analysis using cluster analysis, Jaccard's similarity coefficient, PCA, and SSR heatmap revealed two primary clusters with significant variability, with isolate Fol-13 emerging as a distinct outlier. These findings enhance the understanding of genetic variation in <i>F. oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lini</i>, aiding in disease resistance breeding and linseed wilt management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pH-responsive silica nanocarriers of olaparib for augmenting anticancer activity: development, characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity study against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.","authors":"Ankita Gupta, Swatantra K S Kushwaha, Amit Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04364-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04364-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focuses on the development and assessment of innovative chitosan-grafted silica nanocarriers encapsulating the PARP inhibitor, olaparib, designed for targeted delivery in breast cancer cells. The formulation aims to enhance therapeutic precision and efficacy in cancer treatment. Silica nanocarriers (SNs) were synthesized through a sol-gel method and subsequently coated with chitosan, employing GPTMS as a coupling agent. Olaparib (Ola) was successfully incorporated into the chitosan grafted silica nanocarriers (Ola-Ch-SNs). The resulting nanocarriers were characterized using techniques such as XRD, TEM, DLS, and TGA-DSC. Drug release profiles were evaluated in PBS across different pH conditions, while cytotoxicity was measured using the SRB assay in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Uniform, pH-sensitive olaparib-loaded chitosan-coated silica nanocarriers (Ola-Ch-SNs) were successfully synthesized and characterized using advanced techniques including SEM, TEM, TGA, DSC, and XRD. The nanocarriers demonstrated excellent stability, achieving a drug loading efficiency of 44.31 ± 0.21% and an encapsulation efficiency of 83.12 ± 0.08%. Distinct pH-responsive drug release behavior was observed, with cumulative olaparib release reaching 57.6 ± 0.34% at pH 4.0 and 47.3 ± 0.02% at pH 6.0 over 24 h, compared to 22.6 ± 0.14% at pH 7.4 over 72 h. Release kinetics, described by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, indicated a mechanism driven by both diffusion and polymer relaxation. In vitro cytotoxicity assays on MCF-7 breast cancer cells revealed enhanced anticancer activity of Ola-Ch-SNs compared to free olaparib, achieving a GI₅₀ value below 10 µg/ml and reducing cell viability to 23.4 ± 0.3% at 80 µg/ml. These findings underscore the potential of Ola-Ch-SNs as an innovative, targeted drug delivery system for effective cancer therapy. We successfully developed pH-responsive chitosan-coated silica nanocarriers loaded with olaparib, showcasing remarkable cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells. This formulation holds promise for enhancing olaparib bioavailability and advancing targeted cancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative studies on enzymatic changes and structure of lipases under ultrasound.","authors":"Xueyu Qiu, Yadi Zhou, Mingchun Zhou, Qijie Sun, Chao Teng","doi":"10.1007/s13205-025-04310-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-025-04310-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influences of ultrasound pretreatment on the catalytic activity, enzymatic properties and structure of two commercial lipases, Novozym51032 (lipase N) and Palatase20000L (lipase P), were studied by comparing the lipase kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of lipase and protein structure analysis. The experimental results showed that lipase N showed enhanced activity, while lipase P showed reduced activity under identical ultrasound conditions. Furthermore, the <i>V</i> _max of lipase N increased and the free energy (Δ<i>G</i>) decreased, whereas lipase P showed the opposite change. Both lipases underwent hydrophobic group exposure, yet the changes in their secondary structures were in opposition to one another. The intermolecular aggregates of lipase N were fragmented into small aggregates by ultrasound, a phenomenon not observed with lipase P. This result demonstrates that ultrasound stimulation enhances lipase activity primarily through the modulation of enzyme secondary structure and the disruption of intermolecular aggregates. Moreover, ultrasound treatment has been demonstrated to enhance the storage stability of the enzyme. These results demonstrate the potential value of ultrasound treatment in optimizing enzymes and bioprocesses.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-025-04310-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":"15 6","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12048379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}