3 Biotech最新文献

{"title":"Methyl Red degradation by a subseafloor fungus <i>Schizophyllum commune</i> 15R-5-F01: efficiency, pathway, and product toxicity.","authors":"Hui Xu, Hong-Ye Zheng, Chang-Hong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04037-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04037-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic dyes pose a significant environmental threat due to their complex structures and resistance to microbial degradation. <i>S. commune</i> 15R-5-F01 exhibited over 96% degradation efficiency of Methyl Red in a medium with 100 mg L^-1 Methyl Red within 3 h. The fungus demonstrated adaptability to various environmental conditions, including different pH levels, temperatures, oxygen concentrations, salinity, and heavy metals. <i>S. commune</i> 15R-5-F01 is capable of achieving repeated cycles of Methyl Red reduction with sustained degradation duration minimum of 6 cycles. It showed a maximum Methyl Red biodegradation capacity of at least 558 mg g^-1 dry mycelia and a bioadsorption capacity of 57 mg g^-1. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the azo reduction of Methyl Red into N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and 2-aminobenzoic acid. Enzymatic activity assays indicated the involvement of lignin peroxidases, laccases, and manganese peroxidase in the biodegradation process. Phytotoxicity tests on <i>Triticum eastivum</i>, <i>Oryza sativa</i>, and <i>Vigna umbellata</i> seeds revealed reduced toxicity of the degradation products compared to Methyl Red. This study identifies <i>S. commune</i> 15R-5-F01 as a viable candidate for the sustainable degradation of synthetic dyes in industrial wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11327228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational exploration of protein structure dynamics and RNA structural consequences of <i>PKD1</i> missense variants: implications in ADPKD pathogenesis.","authors":"Chandra Devi, Prashant Ranjan, Sonam Raj, Parimal Das","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04057-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04057-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We analyzed the impact of nine previously identified missense <i>PKD1</i> variants from our studies, including c.6928G > A p.G2310R, c.8809G > A p.E2937K, c.2899 T > C p.W967R, c.6284A > G p.D2095G, c.6644G > A p.R2215Q, c.7810G > A p.D2604N, c.11249G > C p.R3750P, c.1001C > T p.T334M, and c.3101A > G p.N1034S on RNA structures and PC1 protein structure dynamics utilizing computational tools. RNA structure analysis was done using short RNA snippets of 41 nucleotides with the variant position at the 21st nucleotide, ensuring 20 bases on both sides. The secondary structures of these RNA snippets were predicted using RNAstructure. Structural changes of the mutants compared to the wild type were analyzed using the MutaRNA webserver. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of PC1 wild-type and mutant protein regions were performed using GROMACS 2018 (GROMOS96 54a7 force field). Findings revealed that five variants including c.8809G > A (p.E2937K), c.11249G > C (p.R3750P), c.3101A > G (p.N1034S), c.6928G > A (p.G2310R), c.6644G > A (p.R2215Q) exhibited major alterations in RNA structures and thereby their interactions with other proteins or RNAs affecting protein structure dynamics. While certain variants have minimal impact on RNA conformations, their observed alterations in MD simulations indicate impact on protein structure dynamics highlighting the importance of evaluating the functional consequences of genetic variants by considering both RNA and protein levels. The study also emphasizes that each missense variant exerts a unique impact on RNA stability, and protein structure dynamics, potentially contributing to the heterogeneous clinical manifestations and progression observed in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) patients offering a novel perspective in this direction. Thus, the utility of studying the structure dynamics through computational tools can help in prioritizing the variants for their functional implications, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying variability in ADPKD presentation and developing targeted therapeutic interventions.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04057-9.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11344749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consortia of <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. triggers defense/PAMP genes during the interaction of <i>Groundnut bud</i> <i>necrosis</i> <i>orthotospovirus</i> in tomato.","authors":"A S Rahul Dev, S Harish, G Karthikeyan, M Nivedha, C Sangeetha","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04030-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04030-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. were isolated, characterized, and the efficacy was tested against <i>Groundnut bud necrosis orthotospovirus</i> (GBNV) in tomato. Among the three inoculation methods viz., pre-, post-, and simultaneous inoculation, tested for antiviral efficacy, pre-inoculation spray of the three <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. viz., <i>Streptomyces mutabilis, Streptomyces rochei,</i> and <i>Streptomyces chrestomyceticus</i> (SAT1, SAT4, and STR2) recorded the least disease severity index (DSI) of GBNV in tomato. In the pot culture, seed treatment of liquid consortium of three <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. @ 2 ml/g of seeds along with seedling dip at 10 ml/lit followed by soil drenching at 10 ml/lit on 7 days after transplanting (DAT) and foliar application at 0.5% on 15 DAT, 30 DAT, and 45 DAT recorded the least GBNV infection of 15% DSI and 16.67% DSI in trial I and II respectively. Besides, under field conditions, the disease incidence was reduced to 14.44% recording a higher yield of 76.67 t/ha in the treated plants against 63.99 t/ha in control. Upregulation of defense genes viz., PR1, PR2, PR6, WRKY, MAPKK, and NPR1 during tripartite interaction between tomato, <i>Streptomyces</i>, and GBNV was analyzed by qRTPCR, indicating that the consortia could decrease the virus severity through induced systemic resistance pathways. Thus, it is concluded that <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. can be used for the management of GBNV in tomato.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04030-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11306705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141915844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shenling Baizhu powder attenuates lard diet in a fatigued state-induced diarrhea via targeting microbial metabolites short chain fatty acids-mediated lipid metabolism.","authors":"Bo Qiao, Nenqun Xiao, Na Deng, Zhoujin Tan","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04045-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04045-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shenling Baizhu Powder (SLBZP), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription renowned for its efficacy, is specifically recognized for its therapeutic effects in managing diarrhea associated with spleen qi deficiency. Our previous research has demonstrated that a lard diet in a fatigued state induced diarrhea belonging to spleen qi deficiency in TCM. Through a comprehensive investigation, we aimed to provide insights into the intricate relationship between SLBZP and the modulation of gut microbiota in alleviating symptoms associated with spleen qi deficiency-induced diarrhea. We induced diarrhea in mice by subjecting them to continuous standing on a multiple-platform apparatus while administering lard through intragastric administration for 14 days. Subsequently, we conducted gavage administration of SLBZP at a concentration of 0.637 g/ml for seven days. We observed a therapeutic effect of SLBZP on diarrhea induced by a lard diet in a fatigued state. SLBZP mitigated disorders in lipid metabolism and diminished hepatic oxidative responses. Additionally, SLBZP reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis of diarrheic mice and notably increased the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primarily acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid. Through correlation analysis, we additionally identified <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> <i>intestinalis</i> as potentially pivotal species associated with the therapeutic effects of SLBZP. We demonstrated that SLBZP exerts therapeutic effects on diarrhea caused by a lard diet in a fatigued state by repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier, improving lipid metabolism disorders, and regulating gut microbiota and metabolites SCFAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11329475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of nano- and micro-particle-based approaches for selected bronchodilators in management of asthma.","authors":"Sukhbir Singh, Aparna, Neelam Sharma, Jitendra Gupta, Ashishkumar Kyada, Deepak Nathiya, Tapan Behl, Sumeet Gupta, Md Khalid Anwer, Monica Gulati, Monika Sachdeva","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04051-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04051-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the airways, posing a substantial health threat to a large number of people worldwide. Bronchodilators effectively alleviate symptoms of airway obstruction by inducing relaxation of the smooth muscles in the airways, thereby reducing breathlessness and enhancing overall quality of life. The drug targeting to lungs poses significant challenges; however, this issue can be resolved by employing nano- and micro-particles drug delivery systems. This review provides brief insights about underlying mechanisms of asthma, including the role of several inflammatory mediators that contribute to the development and progression of this disease. This article provides an overview of the physicochemical features, pharmacokinetics, and mechanism of action of particular groups of bronchodilators, including sympathomimetics, PDE-4 inhibitors (phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors), methylxanthines, and anticholinergics. This study presents a detailed summary of the most recent developments in incorporation of bronchodilators in nano- and micro-particle-based delivery systems which include solid lipid nanoparticles, bilosomes, novasomes, liposomes, polymeric nano- and micro-particles. Specifically, it focuses on breakthroughs in the categories of sympathomimetics, methylxanthines, PDE-4 inhibitors, and anticholinergics. These medications have the ability to specifically target alveolar macrophages, leading to a higher concentration of pharmaceuticals in the lung tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11343956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142054630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural insights into Furin enzyme inhibition to block SARS-CoV-2 spike protein cleavage: an in-silico approach.","authors":"Ramakrishnan Jaganathan, Poomani Kumaradhas","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04054-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04054-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the binding affinity and interactions of the Furin enzyme with two inhibitors, Naphthofluorescein and decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone (CMK), using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Molecular docking results showed binding affinities of - 9.18 kcal/mol for CMK and - 5.39 kcal/mol for Naphthofluorescein. To further understand the stability and conformational changes of these complexes, MD simulations were performed. Despite CMK's favorable docking score, MD simulations revealed that its binding interactions at the Furin-active site were unstable, with significant changes observed during the simulation. In contrast, Naphthofluorescein maintained strong and stable interactions throughout the MD simulation, as confirmed by RMSD and RMSF analyses. The binding-free-energy analysis also supported the stability of Naphthofluorescein. These findings indicate that Naphthofluorescein exhibits greater stability and binding affinity as a Furin inhibitor compared to CMK. The results of this in-silico study suggest that Naphthofluorescein, along with CMK, holds the potential for repurposing as a treatment for COVID-19, subject to further validation through clinical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11345345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of fungal microbiome structure in leaf litter compost through metagenomic profiling for harnessing the bio-organic fertilizer potential.","authors":"Sophayo Mahongnao, Pooja Sharma, Sarita Nanda","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04028-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04028-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sustainable waste management through composting has gain renewed attention since it could upcycle organic waste into valuable bio-organic fertiliser. This study explored the composition of fungal communities in leaf litter and organic waste composts ecosystems by employing advanced internal transcribed spacer (ITS) metagenomic profiling. This approach provides insights into the diversity, composition, and potential functions of these fungi, offering practical implications for optimising composting processes and enhancing sustainable waste management practices. Various organic composts were collected, including leaf litter composts, from different sources in Delhi-National Capital Region, India, and fungal microbiome composition were characterised through ITS profiling. Results revealed that leaf litter composts and cow dung manure had the highest fungal read counts, while kitchen waste compost had the lowest. Alpha diversity indices, including Chao1 and Shannon, exhibited differences in species richness and diversity among composts, though statistical significance was limited. The leaf composts had relatively higher alpha diversity than the other organic waste composts analysed. The study also identified dominant fungal genera specifically, <i>Wallemia</i>, <i>Geotrichum, Pichia</i>, <i>Mycothermus</i>, <i>Mortierella, Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Basidiobolus</i>, across the compost samples. The presence of beneficial fungal genera like <i>Pichia, Geotrichum</i>, <i>Trichoderma</i>, <i>Mortierella</i>, <i>Basidiobolus</i>, <i>Aspergillus</i>, and others were detected in leaf waste compost and the other organic waste composts. There was also presence of some pathogenic genera viz. <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Fusarium</i>, and <i>Acremonium</i>, in these composts which underscored the need for proper composting practices and source selection to optimise soil fertility and minimise disease risks in agriculture. Remarkably, leaf compost has highest proportion of beneficial genera with least observed abundance of pathogens. On the other hand, the municipal organic waste compost has least proportion of beneficial genera with higher abundance of pathogens. Overall, these findings contributed to characterisation of composting processes, advancing waste management practices, and enhancing the use of leaf compost as a bio-organic fertiliser.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04028-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11300423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141900587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Ameliorative potential of <i>Operculina turpethum</i> against streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats: biochemical and histopathological studies.","authors":"Neeraj Choudhary, Gopal L Khatik, Rekha Sharma, Navneet Khurana, Richard Lobo, Shvetank Bhatt, Devesh Tewari, Ashish Suttee","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04047-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04047-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02811-x.].</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of <i>16Sr RNA</i> and <i>secA</i> genes for molecular discernment of '<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma australasiaticum' strain associated with linseed germplasm in India.","authors":"Shashank Kumar Yadav, Devender Singh, Lakshman Prasad, Balram Jat, Govind Pratap Rao, Mahender Singh Saharan, Vikender Kaur","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04046-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04046-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing prevalence of phytoplasma associated symptoms on linseed or flax (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i> L.) germplasm at Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (ICAR-NBPGR) fields was noticed during the 2019-22 growing seasons. The characteristic phytoplasma symptoms of phyllody, stem fasciation, stunting, along with floral and capsule malformations were observed in 41 linseed accessions grown at experimental fields of ICAR-NBPGR, Delhi. During 3 years, the presence of phytoplasma in symptomatic linseed accessions was confirmed by nested-PCR assays utilizing <i>16S rRNA</i> and <i>secA</i> gene-specific primers. The <i>16S rRNA</i> and <i>secA</i> gene sequences of linseed phytoplasma strains from the representative symptomatic 41 linseed accessions exhibited 100% sequence identity among themselves and 99.93% and 99.82% sequence homology with reference strain, '<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma australasiaticum' (GenBank Accession: Y10097). Phylogenetic analysis of <i>16S rRNA</i> and <i>secA</i> gene sequences clustered the linseed isolates with the peanut witches' broom group belonging to '<i>Ca</i>. P. australasiaticum' strains. The virtual RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA F2nR2 fragment (~1.2 kb) of linseed phytoplasma strains further classified it into 16Sr group II, subgroup D. Our results suggested confirmation of the association of '<i>Ca</i>. P. australasiaticum' strain (16SrII-D) in the linseed germplasm accessions from North India, which is the first report from India. The phytoplasma infection also reduced the growth and yield parameters of two linseed accessions (IC0498748 and EC0718851).</p>","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11322467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatics analysis of BTK expression in lung adenocarcinoma: implications for immune infiltration, prognostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targeting.","authors":"Lijun Jiao, Yujian Tao, Huizhen Ding, Feng Wu, Yantong Liu, Chuang Li, Feifei Li","doi":"10.1007/s13205-024-04053-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13205-024-04053-z","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In recent years, as more and more lung-cancer patients have been treated with immunotherapeutic agents, their survival has been prolonged compared to before. It is well known that BTK (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) is predominantly found in cells of the hematopoietic system. However, there is a distinct lack of literature on BTK expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and its effect on the immune microenvironment. Consequently, the main goal of this investigation was to analyze how BTK expression in lung adenocarcinoma affects its progression, along with its prognostic significance, through the utilization of bioinformatics online resources and publicly available databases. Data on the sequencing results and clinical records of lung adenocarcinoma patients were gathered from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Based on the expression level of BKT, TCGA categorized lung adenocarcinoma patients into BTK high-expression and low-expression groups. We investigated the effects of BKT on clinicopathologic, genomic, and immunologic characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma patients. We analyzed BTK mRNA expression in tumors and normal tissues using two key resources: Tumor Immuno Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER 2.0) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA 2). We analyzed the prognosis of the patients using GEPIA2 and validated the results using univariate and multivariate analyses. In addition, we assessed BTK protein expression by Human Protein Atlas (HPA). We sought to elucidate the clinical prognostic significance of BTK in The TCGA using the online tool GEPIA 2. Furthermore, to clarify the biologic roles and pathways linked to BTK, we conducted a genomic enrichment analysis of the information. To predict the proportion of various immune cell infiltrations in the immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma patients diagnosed in the TCGA database, we performed an analysis using the TIMER online tool. Using TIMER and CIBERSORT, the correlation between genes co-expressed with BTK and the corresponding tumor-infiltrating immune cells was explored; finally, the relationship between BTK expression and immune infiltration and immune checkpoints in the TMB group and the high and low groups was analyzed by R language analysis using the TCGA database. The expression of BTK provides some hints about the prognosis of the patients. The high expression of BTK is involved in immune response regulation signaling pathways, leukocyte-mediated immunity, leukocyte intercellular adhesion, graft rejection, and complement. Analysis of the GEPIA 2 database showed that BTK was co-expressed with the genes FGD2, SASH3, NCKAP1L, CD53, ARHGAP30 and LPXN. Increased expression of the above-mentioned genes resulted in increased proportions of CD8 + T cells, memory CD4 + T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, and decreased proportions of Treg cells and TH2 cells. In addition, our study revealed a strong positive correlation between var","PeriodicalId":7067,"journal":{"name":"3 Biotech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11358563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}