Journal of Rubber Research最新文献

{"title":"Latex, colloidal and film properties of concentrated skim latex prepared using membrane filtration process","authors":"Manroshan Singh Jaswan Singh,&nbsp;Nurul Hayati Yusof,&nbsp;Fatimah Rubaizah Mohd Rasdi","doi":"10.1007/s42464-024-00251-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-024-00251-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For a long time, skim latex has been regarded as waste from the latex centrifugation process. To recover the rubber, skim latex is coagulated using strong acid due to the high presence of non-rubbers, resulting in products of low quality and unpleasant odour. Additionally, the acid discharged into effluent ponds causes malodour and adversely affects the health of nearby residents. Considering this, a novel method employing a membrane filtration system was utilised, successfully recovering and concentrating skim latex while removing water-soluble non-rubbers. The resulting latex concentrate was then compared to raw skim latex in terms of latex, colloidal, and film properties. Latex properties, namely total solids content (TSC), dry rubber content (DRC), alkalinity, nitrogen content, and gel content were determined. For the colloidal properties, particle size and distribution, zeta potential, and rheological properties (flow and viscoelastic behaviours), were characterised. The film properties assessed included the swelling index, appearance, and tensile properties. Significant improvements in latex properties after concentrating were observed, with both TSC and DRC increasing to 42% and 36%, respectively, while alkalinity, nitrogen, and gel contents decreased to 0.61%, 2.23%, and 54%, respectively. Particle size distribution in raw skim latex (RSL) exhibited a tri-modal distribution, but after membrane filtration, concentrated skim latex (CSL) showed a bi-modal distribution with particle sizes ranging from 0.03 to 0.3 µm and 0.3 to 5 µm and average sizes of 0.07 and 1 µm, respectively. Changes were also noted in zeta potential and rheological behaviour after membrane filtration. The isoelectric point of zeta potential shifted to a higher pH, from 4.2 for RSL to 4.9 for CSL, and the absolute zeta potential values decreased with increasing pH values. CSL also demonstrated a different flow behaviour, fitting well to the Herschel-Bulkley model, unlike RSL, which conformed to the Bingham model. Membrane concentration resulted in significant increases in CSL yield stress, consistency index, and shear thinning behaviour, leading to higher moduli values and indicating increased interaction between CSL particles. Conversely, CSL films prepared via casting swelled more in toluene, approximately two times more than RSL films. Nevertheless, RSL films were more opaque and only became transparent after leaching, indicating high non-rubber contents. Regarding tensile properties, both unleached and leached CSL films exhibited a similar tensile versus elongation profile, with ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break values ranging between 1.4 and 1.6 MPa and 650 and 700%, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"27 3","pages":"357 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodegradation of natural rubber latex by singlet oxygen generated from methylene blue","authors":"Suhawati Ibrahim,&nbsp;Nadras Othman","doi":"10.1007/s42464-024-00249-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-024-00249-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methylene blue undergoes decomposition upon the exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light and oxygen to release reactive species such as singlet and triplet oxygen. These reactive species have adequate energy to oxidise and degrade organic materials including natural rubber (NR). In this work, NR latex was exposed to UV in the presence of methylene blue and hydrogen peroxide to produce low molecular weight NR latex. The Mn of NR was reduced from 544 × 10³ g/mol to about 6 × 10³ g/mol with low gel content. During the photodegradation, the NR chain was cleaved at both C = C and C-C bonds. The molecular structure of LNR was similar to that of the NR but with new functional groups of hydroxyl and carbonyl, resulting from oxidation and chain cleavage. The rubber particles were originally pear-shaped but changed to spherical after the degradation reaction, although their size remained largely similar.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"27 3","pages":"341 - 355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-heating in rubber components: experimental studies and numerical analysis","authors":"Mohamed Abdelmoniem, Bülent Yagimli","doi":"10.1007/s42464-024-00250-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42464-024-00250-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The temperature change in rubber components during operation results in a change in its transfer function and affects service life. In this study, the phenomenon of self-heating and its effect on the resulting forces is examined experimentally under different loading conditions using a test rig that applies a rotating shear load. The observed phenomenon from the tests was modelled using a finite viscoelastic model based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. The simulation results of the surface temperature and the resulting forces using the implemented material model showed good agreement with experimental results. The test rig and the simulation model can be used to characterise rubber materials and therefore, allow the prediction of the temperature distribution and the transfer function of rubber components under operational conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140623204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of carbon black-loaded natural rubber/carboxymethyl cellulose semi-IPN nanocomposite for effluent treatment","authors":"Manju R Nath,&nbsp;A. Mohanan","doi":"10.1007/s42464-024-00248-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-024-00248-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Semi-IPN composites of natural rubber (NR), hydrophilic sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carbon black (CB) with different compositions have been created by solution casting process in an attempt to develop a novel adsorbent under various pH ranges for the cationic dye methylene blue (MB). The produced NR/CMC film can be employed as an adsorbent of MB dye, according to the results, which demonstrate that composites with 2% CMC and 0.2 g CB displayed a maximum adsorption capacity of 1.72 mg/g and a dye removal efficiency of 85.22% at pH 9. The semi-IPNs were characterised using X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetry, FTIR, and SEM methods. The NR/CMC semi-IPN composites' SEM micrographs showed a continuous, homogenous and porous structure. The films' equilibrium swelling characteristics were examined. For the NR98%CMC2% polymeric composition, containing 2% glutaraldehyde (GA) and 0.02 g CB loading, a maximum tensile strength of 3.3 MPa was achieved. In a 12-month period with 2% CMC, the NR/CMC semi-IPN showed a 70% biodegradation rate, while the pure NR showed only a 20% degradation rate. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the addition of CMC reduces the crystallinity of natural rubber.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"27 3","pages":"323 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The opportunities and challenges associated with developing rubber plantations as carbon sinks in China","authors":"Zhensheng Ma,&nbsp;Lei Liu,&nbsp;Dongling Qi,&nbsp;Zhixiang Wu,&nbsp;Min Tang,&nbsp;Chuan Yang,&nbsp;Qingmao Fu,&nbsp;Yingying Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42464-024-00247-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-024-00247-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rubber plantations are among the most important in the world's tropical regions. They play a positive role in carbon sequestration and in delaying climate change, supplying strategic resources of natural rubber (NR), and aiding in poverty alleviation and rural revitalisation. This paper reviews six methods of research on carbon sinks in rubber plantations: the biomass inventory method, the biomass conversion factor continuous function method, the trade potential of carbon sinks method, the calculation method for carbon storage of rubber latex, the eddy covariance method, and the remote sensing image model method. This study clarifies the carbon sink assessment and enhancement model for rubber plantations and describes the composition of the carbon pool, which includes the aboveground and belowground vegetation biomass carbon pools, litter carbon pool, latex carbon pool, and soil carbon pool. It also examines influencing factors such as tree age, global climate change, and human disturbance, as well as improvement pathways including afforestation, fertilisation, irrigation, and tapping, and evaluation methods like field surveys, positional observations, remote sensing monitoring, and model simulation. Research on carbon sequestration in rubber plantations faces challenges, including the unclear dynamics of carbon sources and sequestration, uncertain spatial and temporal patterns, and the long-term lack of accurate monitoring of carbon sinks and technologies for increasing sinks and reducing emissions. Future research should focus on the methodology of rubber plantation carbon sequestration projects, the dynamics of carbon sequestration, and the spatial allocation pattern of carbon sequestration in rubber plantations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"27 3","pages":"309 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140600984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics and underlying mechanisms of ecosystem respiration in rubber plantations: a case study in Hainan Island","authors":"Yinghe An,&nbsp;Zhixiang Wu,&nbsp;Yichen Wang,&nbsp;Runqing Zhang,&nbsp;Lan Wu,&nbsp;Wenjie Liu,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Zhongyi Sun","doi":"10.1007/s42464-024-00245-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-024-00245-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rubber plantations are an important component of tropical forest ecosystems and are emerging as crucial contributors to carbon sequestration in the tropics. However, ecosystem respiration (RECO), which constitutes an essential constraint on the carbon fixation capacity of rubber plantations, and its driving mechanisms remains unclear. Therefore, this study developed a data-driven semi-empirical model to simulate rubber plantations RECO utilising eddy covariance flux measurements and was upscaled to Hainan Island using remote sensing images and climatic data. Numerical simulations experiments analysed direct and indirect of climatic factors impacts on rubber plantations RECO. The results showed that the model accurately captured RECO trends and seasonality (R² = 0.87, RMSE = 1.27 g C m⁻² d⁻¹); in the past 19 years, RECO showed a noticeable increase, particularly in the late rainy season and the seasonality of RECO has shown a delayed pattern. The RECO in the central region (52% area) exhibited multimodal enhancement while northern and southern regions (37% area) showed oscillations or decreases. Temporally, RECO is higher in the rainy season compared to the dry season, and spatially, RECO is higher in the southern region than in the northern region. Among the climatic factors, water conditions (rainfall and air humidity) have been emerged as dominant factors (5.38%) influencing RECO, surpassing temperature (3.96%) and radiation (3.81%). In addition, climatic factors make a positive overall contribution during the dry season but perform oppositely in the rainy season. This study offers theoretical and technical insights into high carbon sink management in rubber plantations and carbon sequestration in tropical forests ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"27 3","pages":"283 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140601074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation of a novel rubber degrading strain Brucella sp. BA23","authors":"Munzer Ullah,&nbsp;Amjad Hussain,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran,&nbsp;Muhammad Sajid,&nbsp;Rashid Riaz,&nbsp;Ahmad Kaleem Qureshi,&nbsp;Muhammad Adnan Ayub,&nbsp;Muhammad Ibrahim,&nbsp;Azka Parvaiz,&nbsp;Muhammad Tahir Saleh","doi":"10.1007/s42464-024-00244-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-024-00244-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current study, samples were taken from the sewage treatment plant to isolate rubber-degrading microbial strains. The sludge samples were screened for rubber degradation microbes and later on, each strain was separately characterised for rubber degradation. Initially, strain BA23 showed half the rubber degradation ratio in mineral salt medium. The isolated microbial strains were identified based on 16SrRNA gene sequence analysis, morphological and biochemical characteristics and named <i>Brucella</i> sp. belonging to the genus <i>Bacillus.</i> Later on, the medium conditions for strain BA23 were optimised based on carbon, nitrogen sources, pH, temperature and incubation period. After optimising various environmental and nutritional conditions, the rubber degradation increased twice when inorganic nitrogen sources (aammonium nitrate) used 1 g/L in the medium at pH 7.5. Furthermore, the structural changes that occurred in the rubber polymer associated with the rubber polymer were analysed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the breakdown of important functional groups such as aldehyde, ketone ester and carboxylic acid was observed. Finally, the gravimetric weight loss of CO₂ during rubber degradation was 42.88 g/L, showing CO₂ evolution greatly when the rubber degradation occurred in the mineral salt medium. It was concluded that strain BA23 has a maximum potential for rubber degradation when it is used for future solid waste management of rubber and its products for a long period in the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"27 3","pages":"275 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140300437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic properties of isotropic natural rubber-based magnetorheological elastomers","authors":"Mahmud Iskandar Seth Abdul Rahim, Shamsul Kamaruddin, Nik Intan Nik Ismail, Nik Zakaria Nik Yahya, Nazirah Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s42464-024-00242-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42464-024-00242-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) are one of smart materials comprised of micron-sized iron particles in the elastomeric matrix, which exhibit variable dynamic properties in a changeable manner under the application of an external magnetic field. This paper presents experimental characterisations of static and dynamic properties of natural rubber-based on isotropic MRE with 30 and 60 wt% of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) using the procedure outlined in the related standards. The static properties of these materials were measured as a function of the magnetic flux density using a servo-hydraulic machine in shear mode. The MRE with the highest magnetorheological (MR) effect was selected for the following dynamic properties with a range of shear strain amplitudes (2.5 to 20%), frequencies (1 to 50 Hz), and magnetic flux densities (0 to 240 mT). The storage modulus and loss modulus were found to increase with increasing frequency and decrease with increasing strain amplitude. Further investigation revealed that the relative MR effect reached its peak at 5% shear strain amplitude and 1 Hz with a value of 14.11%. Therefore, low strain levels must be considered in designing vibration applications using natural rubber (NR)-based MRE. The measured dynamic properties results were used to develop MRE test specifications for automotive products in Malaysia, as well as a possible smart material for vibration and noise control in various engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing ZnS nanoparticles on novel expanded perlite-butadiene rubber composite by SILAR method","authors":"Nada Edres,&nbsp;Irada Buniyatzadeh,&nbsp;Solmaz Aliyeva,&nbsp;Goncha Eyvazova,&nbsp;Nurlana Binnetova,&nbsp;Naila Guliyeva,&nbsp;Sevinj Mammadyarova,&nbsp;Rasim Alosmanov","doi":"10.1007/s42464-024-00246-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-024-00246-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The article focuses on synthesising a new nanocomposite incorporating ZnS filler and investigating its structure, optical properties and specific electrical conductivity. In this study, expanded perlite (EP) and butadiene rubber (BR) underwent simultaneous oxidative chlorophosphorylation and subsequent hydrolysis. ZnS nanoparticles were then grown on the crosslinked/ion-exchange composite (EP-PhBR) using the Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method, resulting in the ZnS/EP-PhBR nanocomposite. The structure of the nanocomposite was characterised through UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Embedding ZnS nanoparticles in EP-PhBR caused a reduction in the optical band gap from 3.18 eV to 3.045 eV, signifying increased disorder in ZnS nanoparticles due to alterations in the nanocomposite’s intermolecular structure. XRD studies revealed cubic crystal-structured ZnS nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 3 nm in the ZnS/EP-PhBR nanocomposite. The specific electrical conductivity (σ) at ambient temperature demonstrated the enhanced crystallinity of EP-PhBR, attributed to interfacial interactions with ZnS nanoparticles and the developed nanolayers. The ZnS/EP-PhBR nanocomposite exhibited favourable properties, making it a promising material for photocatalysis and solar cell applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"27 3","pages":"299 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterisation of causal pathogens of Pestalotiopsis leaf fall disease in Hevea brasiliensis using a detached leaf technique","authors":"Mohamad Zamir Hadi Ismail,&nbsp;Murnita Mohmad Mahyudin,&nbsp;Aizat Shamin Noran,&nbsp;Adam Malik Ahmad Zambri,&nbsp;Nor Afiqah Maiden,&nbsp;Safiah Atan,&nbsp;Mohd Nasaruddin Mohd Aris","doi":"10.1007/s42464-024-00243-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42464-024-00243-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Pestalotiopsis</i> leaf fall disease (PLFD) has emerged as a significant and detrimental foliar disease affecting <i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> in Malaysia since 2017. The disease poses a severe threat to rubber plantations, leading to economic losses and impacting the country’s rubber industry. Understanding the factors contributing to lesion incidence and the potential presence of a fungal complex is crucial for effective disease management. This study aimed to address key objectives, including the identification of primary fungal pathogens responsible for lesion development and examination of the role of co-infections in lesion incidence. To achieve these objectives, five fungal isolates (<i>Neopestalotiopsis surinamensis</i>, <i>Colletotrichum conoides</i>, <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i>, <i>Phyllosticta fallopiae</i> and <i>Letendraea cordylinicola</i>) previously identified through the Internal Transcribe Spacer (ITS) regions were subjected to in vitro artificial inoculation experiments on detached rubber leaves. Various combinations of these fungal isolates were tested to evaluate their interactions as possible causal pathogens of PLFD. Three variables were assessed, viz. type of water source (sterile distilled water and rainwater), presence of leaf wounds, and inoculation techniques (conidial suspensions and mycelial agar plugs). Lesion incidence was evaluated based on sporulating occurrences on the detached leaves, recorded seven days after inoculation. Statistical analysis, including non-parametric Pearson’s chi-square tests revealed that the fungal isolates <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i>, <i>Colletotrichum conoides</i> and <i>Neopestalotiopsis surinamensis</i> were the primary contributors to lesion incidence, accounting for 83%, 69%, and 57% of cases, respectively. The study also revealed that lesion incidence was not significantly influenced by inoculation techniques or type of water source but was greater in wounded leaves compared to unwounded leaves. Co-inoculation experiments demonstrated increased lesion incidence, highlighting the role of co-infections in disease severity. Importantly, this study elucidated a potential fungal complex associated with PLFD and provided insights into its epidemiology. The findings contribute to deeper understanding of the disease, offering valuable guidance for effective disease management strategies in <i>H. brasiliensis</i> cultivation in Malaysia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Rubber Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"159 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}