Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation最新文献

{"title":"GLCA-Net: Global-Local Contextual Attention Network for Real-Time Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor Void Defect Segmentation Based on Computed Laminography System","authors":"Yan Li,&nbsp;Shuangquan Liu,&nbsp;Cunfeng Wei,&nbsp;Chao Fan","doi":"10.1007/s10921-026-01402-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-026-01402-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules are core components of power electronic systems, and void defect in their welding layers severely compromise system reliability and service life. Accurate void segmentation is critical for quality control yet remains challenging due to complex morphological variations and low contrast. Moreover, highly accurate, real-time, and robust methods are crucial for industrial applications. To address these issues, we propose the global-local contextual attention network (GLCA-Net), a lightweight encoder-decoder architecture for real-time void segmentation in IGBT welding layers. In the encoder, to capture both global contextual information and fine-grained local details across multiple scales, we propose a global-local multi-scale attention (GLMSA) module. In the decoder, inspired by the skip connection of DeepLabV3+, we devise a scale-aware channel spatial attention (SCSA) module to take full advantage of the multi-scale features from the encoder. Validated on two in-house IGBT welding void defect datasets (IGBT-WVD-Chip and IGBT-WVD-DBC), GLCA-Net outperforms UNet, DeepLabV3+, TransUNet, SwinUNet and BiSeNet. It achieves 71.49% Dice and 56.07% IoU on the Chip dataset, and 66.43% Dice and 54.29% IoU on the DBC dataset, with merely 0.244 M parameters and 182 FPS inference speed. This work provides a technical reference for the automatic void detection of IGBT welding layers, thus facilitating the improvement of their manufacturing quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity Crossover and Generalized Scaling Laws in Resonant Eddy Current Testing of Cylindrical Conductors","authors":"Yukinaga Shimoguchiya,&nbsp;Shigeharu Sugawara","doi":"10.1007/s10921-026-01400-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-026-01400-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-contact inspection of cylindrical conductors, such as pipes and rods, is crucial in industrial applications. While traditional Eddy Current Testing (ECT) theory predominantly relies on flat-plate models, the specific geometric effects inherent to cylindrical geometries remain underexplored. This study investigates the relationship between eddy current behavior and sensor sensitivity, specifically frequency shift, using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and theoretical analysis. We identify a \"Sensitivity Crossover\" phenomenon in the intermediate frequency range, where thin-walled pipes exhibit a stronger sensor response than solid rods, despite their smaller conductor volume. Detailed analysis of current density distributions reveals that this counterintuitive behavior stems from an \"Interference Boost\" caused by electromagnetic wave reflection at the pipe's inner wall, which suppresses energy diffusion into the depths and enhances the effective magnetic coupling through current confinement near the surface. Furthermore, we construct a \"Generalized Sensitivity Curve\" correlating resistivity with sensitivity, establishing design guidelines to exploit the \"Transition Region\" where this crossover occurs. Finally, deriving scaling rules based on electromagnetic similarity, we present theoretical engineering solutions applicable to the inspection of cylindrical components of arbitrary dimensions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Impact Resistance of RC Slabs using Acoustic Emission Information Entropy: A Multi-Parameter Fusion Approach","authors":"Alipujiang Jierula,&nbsp;Weicheng Wang,&nbsp;Cungen Wang,&nbsp;Shuhong Wang,&nbsp;Tae-Min Oh","doi":"10.1007/s10921-026-01403-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-026-01403-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reinforced concrete (RC) slabs are the core horizontal load-bearing members in civil and protective engineering. Under extreme loads such as explosive impacts and falling object impacts, they are prone to sudden structural collapse due to the continuous accumulation of internal damage. However, traditional detection methods can only obtain macroscopic mechanical responses and cannot realize real-time dynamic monitoring of the entire process of damage initiation and propagation. As a passive dynamic non-destructive testing method, acoustic emission (AE) technology can achieve real-time characterization of internal damage by capturing elastic wave signals released by material damage. Nevertheless, its application under impact load conditions still suffers from the lack of a systematic correlation mechanism between damage and parameters. This paper proposes a multi-parameter fusion analysis method based on AE information entropy CV. By conducting increasing-amplitude drop weight impact tests on RC slabs with three thicknesses (80, 100 and 120 mm), the mechanical responses, stiffness degradation and AE characteristics were systematically investigated. The results show that the cumulative displacement-stiffness degradation model proposed in this paper can effectively quantify the degradation rate through the attenuation index α after component failure, and this parameter decreases with increasing slab thickness. This corresponds to different failure modes: the 80 mm slab exhibits rapid stiffness degradation and damage-accumulative punching shear failure, the 120 mm thick slab undergoes a more ductile punching shear failure, and the 100 mm thick slab presents a transitional response. In addition, AE information entropy CV can serve as an early warning indicator for component damage and failure. The evaluation system constructed by combining multi-dimensional signal characteristics including AE activity analysis, AE information entropy CV, RA-AF distribution and b-value with macroscopic data such as displacement can accurately characterize damage stages, crack modes and failure precursors, providing a quantitative basis for damage identification and health monitoring of RC structures under impact loads. Unlike single-parameter methods, which may fail when damage becomes complex, the proposed multi-parameter fusion strategy overcomes this limitation, and simultaneous anomalies across multiple parameters provide stronger evidence of impending failure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NDE 4.0 and Digital Twins in Industry: Current User Experiences and Future Development","authors":"C. A. Middleton,&nbsp;T. Nguyen,&nbsp;E. A. Patterson","doi":"10.1007/s10921-026-01401-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-026-01401-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Digital twins of physical structures require input from up-to-date measurement data, including information on the condition of the structure from non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. However, currently, in certain engineering sectors, NDE data are very sparse, and where measurements are available, links to digital twins are non-existent or not well-defined. Here, we survey experts across industry sectors, to define the situation within industry and identify challenges to the effective coupling of measurement and digital twins. Thematic analysis of transcripts from semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with experts in both measurement and digital twin fields has been used to identify common patterns in the current use of NDE and digital twins, along with future development needs. ‘Clusters’ of required research and development goals have been defined to fill knowledge gaps, certain of which must be led by the NDE community: a) Improve data collection; b) Optimise/improve measurement and measurement systems; c) Continuous monitoring capabilities; d) Human out of the loop/automation capabilities; e) Data management (NDE); f) Commercial considerations (NDE/SHM (Structural health monitoring)). Others will require communication and collaboration with the wider engineering and digital twin communities: g) Communication processes and protocols; h) Security of data; i) Reliability of digital twins; j) Commercial considerations (digital tools). To fill these gaps, goals have been organised into a roadmap with a relative timeline, intended as a guideline for the community to effectively develop and exploit digital twin technologies within the NDE 4.0 paradigm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10921-026-01401-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148465327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in Deterioration Detection for Steel Bridge Anticorrosion Coatings via Short-wavelength Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging","authors":"Yuki Ogawa,&nbsp;Akinori Tani,&nbsp;Shinsuke Haruna,&nbsp;Takumi Sakata,&nbsp;Daiki Shiozawa,&nbsp;Takahide Sakagami,&nbsp;Rentaro Umatani,&nbsp;Haruhiko Kono,&nbsp;Hiroto Tamura","doi":"10.1007/s10921-026-01395-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-026-01395-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A long in-service period of steel bridges can be achieved through a comprehensive approach that involves clarifying the corrosive environment, understanding the rate of deterioration caused by corrosion, and designing appropriate repairs. Therefore, monitoring systems to predict the deterioration of infrastructure structures and nondestructive testing methods to evaluate the degree of deterioration have been developed. This study introduces short-wavelength (SW)-infrared hyperspectral imaging as a method for detecting deteriorated areas in the top coats of anticorrosion systems with unknown infrared spectral properties. Deteriorated regions on in-service bridge coatings are identified by selecting specific wavelengths that exhibit significant differences in infrared reflection intensity within the SW-infrared spectrum. Moreover, measurements of SW-infrared hyperspectral imaging obtained using a maintenance vehicle were nearly as accurate as those from the motorized stage, indicating the imaging systemʼs potential to detect early-stage deterioration during routine maintenance. Additionally, the spectral lock-in method—which employs a lock-in process to extract synchronous components from a reference signal—is demonstrated as an effective technique for identifying top coat deterioration based on distinct variations in the spectral properties of the coatings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10921-026-01395-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Automated Image Processing Method to Detect Progressive Matrix Cracking in CFRP Composites Using X-Ray Micro-Computed Tomography","authors":"Mayerlin Salgado,&nbsp;José M. Guerrero,&nbsp;Laura Carreras,&nbsp;Jordi Renart","doi":"10.1007/s10921-026-01387-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-026-01387-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), thanks to their excellent specific stiffness and strength compared to metals, composites are considered as suitable materials for liquid hydrogen LH₂ tanks. However, the cryogenic operating conditions required for LH₂ storage (20 K) present significant challenges to the structural integrity of CFRP, especially due to matrix cracking induced by thermal cycling and mismatched thermal expansion coefficients between fibres and matrix. Such damage can compromise the leak tightness of a tank and lead to hydrogen release. This paper presents a method to automatically detect, count and measure matrix crack density, under static loading, using X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) in CFRP laminates through digital image processing. By considering the image dimensions, the method calculates crack density along the different plies of a specimen. The proposed method was used for inspecting the progression of transverse matrix cracks in cross-ply CFRP laminates. The results demonstrate that µCT is an effective non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for characterising early-stage matrix cracking in CFRP laminates. The proposed method achieved a minimum detectable crack density of 0.05 cracks/mm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10921-026-01387-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of Dielectric Model for Asphalt Mixture Considering Frequency and Temperature","authors":"Meili Meng,&nbsp;Maolin Yang,&nbsp;Xiao Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10921-026-01398-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-026-01398-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper establishes the fundamental form of a dielectric model based on Maxwell's equation of electromagnetic wave theory by studying the relationship between the dielectric constant and constituents according to the dielectric properties of the asphalt mixture. Based on an analysis of the impact of frequency and temperature on dielectric properties, the dielectric model of the asphalt mixture is constructed by taking frequency and temperature into full consideration. combined with the test data, the dielectric model is verified. The test results show that: the dielectric constant decreases linearly with the increase of frequency; the dielectric constant increases slightly with the increase of temperature; after considering the influence of temperature and frequency, the calculation accuracy of the dielectric constant is improved, and the model is more suitable for describing the dielectric properties of asphalt mixture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acoustic Emission-Based Assessment of Damage Evolution in Bridge Systems: Methods, Indicators, and Advances in Structural Mechanics","authors":"Sakhiah Abdul Kudus,&nbsp;Mohamad Farid Misnan,&nbsp;Hussein Muhammad,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Mubarak Salem Sawahli,&nbsp;Zakiah Ahmad,&nbsp;Khairul Anuar Shahid","doi":"10.1007/s10921-026-01388-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-026-01388-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bridges are essential infrastructure and require reliable monitoring to ensure public safety and structural resilience. This review critically examines research published from 2015 to 2026 on acoustic emission (AE)-based bridge monitoring and clarifies key methods, indicators, and future research directions in the field. Using a systematic review of 40 peer-reviewed articles and PRISMA-based screening, the study highlights the growing effectiveness of AE techniques in detecting and characterizing structural damage, including fatigue, shear cracking, corrosion, and tendon rupture, in critical bridge components, such as cables, tendons, decks, and girders. However, in the provided evidence base that focuses on bridges, discussions of corrosion applications are cited even less than those on fatigue/cracking, tendon rupture diagnostics, and, as such, corrosion conclusions are framed as a research gap rather than an underdeveloped comparative theme. Core AE indicators, b-value, RA–AF analysis, signal energy, and peak frequency, are consistently linked with specific damage mechanisms, supporting early diagnosis and targeted maintenance. The adoption of advanced signal processing, machine learning, and hybrid sensor networks has the potential to enhance the accuracy and real-time capabilities of these systems. Nevertheless, challenges remain regarding sensor placement, environmental noise, signal attenuation, and a lack of standardized interpretation across different bridge materials. This review emphasizes the need for standardized protocols, open-access AE datasets, and cross-disciplinary research to advance system reliability and scalability. Embedding AE monitoring within digital twin frameworks and asset management strategies can further enable proactive maintenance and infrastructure resilience.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Approximate Calculation to Magnetic Field of Natural Defects in Metal structures: Approach investigation and Experimental Verification","authors":"Fenglong Wang,&nbsp;Fengying Zeng,&nbsp;Yating Yu,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Cheng Sun,&nbsp;Grzegorz Tytko","doi":"10.1007/s10921-026-01399-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-026-01399-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural defects, particularly slit-like cracks, are a primary safety risk in critical metallic structures. While Eddy Current Testing (ECT) is a common inspection method, existing analytical models often fail to capture the complex geometries of real defects, such as wall thinning and roughness, by oversimplifying them as regular, smooth-edged shapes. This discrepancy limits the practical accuracy of defect characterization. To address this limitation, this study introduces an improved analytical model that incorporates a transition layer of intermediate conductivity to account for rough wall regions and wall thinning. Based on this, and in conjunction with the slit defect approximation methods proposed in prior work, approximate analytical models for cylindrical, elliptical cylindrical, and slit-like natural defects were successively established and verified via numerical models, with errors as low as 1.16%. Finally, experiments were conducted to validate the accuracy of four approximation for approximating slit-like natural defects as elliptical cylindrical defects, among which Approximation 4 (same length-to-width ratio and volume) achieved the highest accuracy, with an error of only 0.91%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of ±0.34%. The significance of this work is twofold: first, by considering the real-world issues of wall thinning and roughness in natural defects, this paper provides a more precise and realistic approximate analytical model for these defects; second, it provides a validated, high-accuracy analytical method for the practical characterization of slit-like defects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BiGSSM: Bidirectional Gated State-Space Modeling for Robust Sewer Sonar Defect Detection","authors":"Kao Ge,&nbsp;Qing-Bang Han,&nbsp;Peng-Fei Shi","doi":"10.1007/s10921-026-01397-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-026-01397-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reliable defect detection in urban sewer networks is critical for infrastructure maintenance, yet sonar inspection in turbid, water-filled pipelines often yields low-contrast, noisy images with blurred boundaries, which reduces detection reliability and efficiency. This study proposes BiGSSM, a sonar defect detector based on a bidirectional gated state-space architecture. The framework integrates bidirectional two-dimensional scanning with adaptive gating to fuse global context and local detail, lightweight depthwise separable convolution blocks to enhance channel-wise representation with limited overhead, and a dynamic focus loss to better handle scale variation, class imbalance, and long-tail distributions. BiGSSM was evaluated on a proprietary Urban Sewer Sonar Defect Dataset and the public Underwater Acoustic Target Detection benchmark. The proposed method achieved mAP50 values of 94.5% and 98.8% on the two datasets, respectively, and consistently outperformed strong baseline detectors in detection accuracy, robustness, and cross-dataset generalization. The results indicate that BiGSSM improves automated sewer sonar defect detection under challenging imaging conditions and can reduce reliance on manual interpretation, supporting scalable inspection of large metropolitan sewer systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}