Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as dual-function regulators of osteoblast mineralization and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis","authors":"Shiao-Wen Tsai,&nbsp;Cheng Li,&nbsp;Shu-ting Lee,&nbsp;Pai-An Hwang,&nbsp;Fu-Yin Hsu","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07100-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07100-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the regulatory effects of strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHAp) on bone cell regulation, with a specific focus on osteoblast and osteoclast activities. X-ray diffraction verified the successful incorporation of strontium into the hydroxyapatite lattice, confirming the high phase stability despite the presence of a minor amount of CaO. SrHAp nanoparticles with a Sr/Ca molar ratio of 0.417 and a (Ca+Sr)/P ratio of 1.73 were synthesized. The resulting material exhibited a zeta potential of -14.9 mV and an average particle size of 712.6 nm. Cell viability assays revealed that SrHAp concentrations of 100 μg/mL for HOS cells and up to 1000 μg/mL for RAW 264.7 cells were not cytotoxic. Furthermore, SrHAp treatment significantly reduced basal reactive oxygen species levels in HOS cells, suggesting its antioxidant capacity. Our results demonstrated that SrHAp significantly promoted osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, as evidenced by increased calcium deposition detected using Alizarin Red S staining and the upregulation of osteogenic markers, including RUNX2 and osteocalcin. Moreover, SrHAp effectively inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. The morphological analysis of RANKL-treated RAW 264.7 cells revealed a reduction in TRAP-positive multinucleated cells, and this result was supported by decreased TRAP activity. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SrHAp interfered with the RANKL/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to the downregulation of the master transcription factor NFATc1. In conclusion, SrHAp nanoparticles exhibit dual functions, as they promote osteoblastic mineralization while concurrently arresting osteoclast differentiation. This balanced regulation highlights the potential of SrHAp as a bioactive ceramic for the treatment of osteoporosis and for advanced bone regeneration.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13500404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148256936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative hemocompatibility assessment of fibrin/heparin-coated and PMEA-coated flow diverters","authors":"Huan Wei,&nbsp;Tomáš Riedel,&nbsp;Zuzana Riedelová,&nbsp;Melanie Wolf,&nbsp;Christian Schlensak,&nbsp;Meltem Avci-Adali","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07087-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07087-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flow diverters play an important role in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms; however, their use can be associated with thromboembolic complications. Thus, in recent years, flow diverters with surface coatings have been developed to prevent thrombus-related complications. In this study, the hemocompatibility of the flow diverters FRED X with poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) coating and the DERIVO 2heal with fibrin/heparin coating, as well as the uncoated DERIVO 2 flow diverter, was evaluated using an in vitro blood circulation model. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), biomarkers of thrombocytes (β-thromboglobulin (β-TG)), coagulation (thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT)), complement system (SC5b-9), and inflammation (PMN elastase) activation were analyzed. Further analyses comprised thrombogenicity assessment by scanning electron microscopy and measurement of blood cell counts and hemolysis. The uncoated DERIVO 2 flow diverter exhibited increased coagulation and platelet activation, accompanied by enhanced adhesion of platelets to the blood-contacting surfaces. In contrast, both the FRED X and the DERIVO 2-heal flow diverter could effectively reduce the coagulation (TAT) and platelet activation (β-TG) and prevent the adhesion of platelets. Notably, DERIVO 2heal flow diverter induced significantly lower activation of the complement system (SC5b-9) and reduced inflammatory response (PMN elastase) compared to FRED X flow diverter. These findings indicate the improved hemocompatibility of the fibrin/heparin-coated DERIVO 2heal flow diverter and its potential to reduce thromboinflammatory complications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture><span>The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.</span></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-026-07087-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the application of a novel degradable calcium-phosphate coated magnesium alloy encircling bone plate in the internal fixation of rib fractures","authors":"Qihong Huang,&nbsp;Ke Chen,&nbsp;Xuhui Liu,&nbsp;Fugang Qi,&nbsp;Keyuan Liu,&nbsp;Shu Yang,&nbsp;Xiangqing Ye,&nbsp;Sike Mo,&nbsp;Juan Liu,&nbsp;Bo Ye","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07085-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07085-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Severe rib fractures often require surgical plate fixation, but non-biodegradable implants typically necessitate a second surgery for removal. Although AZ31 magnesium alloy is a biodegradable medical material, its excessively rapid in vivo degradation makes it difficult to meet the requirements for fracture fixation in high-load, dynamic environments such as the ribs. To address this issue, we used surface modification technology to apply a calcium-phosphate coating onto a biodegradable AZ31 magnesium alloy rib plate and evaluated its degradation rate, fracture fixation effectiveness, and potential adverse effects through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the degradation rate of the coated plate was significantly slower than that of the uncoated plate in both settings (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In animal models of rib fracture, the coated plate achieved better fracture alignment and healing morphology, with no significant adverse reactions observed during the 6-month postoperative follow-up. Surface modification with a calcium-phosphate coating effectively mitigated the problem of premature fixation failure caused by the overly rapid in vivo degradation of AZ31 magnesium alloy. The findings of this study provide a new perspective for the development of biodegradable internal fixation implants for rib fractures.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-026-07085-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural evolution and surface property enhancement of H13 tool steel via TIG-based surface alloying under argon and nitrogen atmospheres for biomedical tooling applications","authors":"Mahshid Mandani,&nbsp;Mohammad Javanbakht,&nbsp;Abolfazl Mirani","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07061-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07061-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Surface melting and alloying of H13 tool steel were investigated using the tungsten inert gas (TIG) process under argon and argon–nitrogen shielding atmospheres. The influence of key process parameters, including current intensity and shielding gas composition, on the characteristics of the modified surface was systematically examined. The dimensions of the treated zones, microstructural features, and hardness profiles were found to be strongly dependent on the applied parameters. In addition, a subset of the surface-treated specimens underwent austenitizing, quenching, and tempering according to standard heat treatment procedures for H13 steel. Microstructural characterization using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that defect-free and homogeneous melt zones were formed. The solidified microstructures were predominantly martensitic, accompanied by finely dispersed carbide and nitride precipitates. A maximum surface hardness of approximately 800 HV, corresponding to nearly four times that of the untreated substrate, was achieved in samples processed under an argon–nitrogen atmosphere followed by post-treatment tempering. The significant hardening effect is attributed to martensitic transformation and the formation of finely distributed carbide and nitride phases within the melted zone. These surface characteristics indicate potential relevance for high-durability biomedical tooling applications, particularly for reusable and indirectly used medical instruments, while acknowledging that further validation is required for clinical translation.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148215762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced heat-assisted flexible forming of perforated AZ31B magnesium alloy: a hybrid experimental–numerical study for high-precision biocompatible cranial implant fabrication","authors":"Sudarshan Choudhary,&nbsp;Rahul Gurpude,&nbsp;Amrut Mulay","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07044-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07044-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is widely recognised as a flexible manufacturing process for producing complex sheet metal components, particularly in small-batch and customised applications. Magnesium alloy known as a lightweight operational material used mainly in biomedical sector. Current research investigates the formability and surface quality aspects of perforated AZ31B magnesium alloy extended to cranial preparations which has limited formability at room temperature. To overcome this limitation, present work introduces warm heating setup technology aimed to enhance formability of the AZ31B Mg alloy. The study was performed at 400 °C so that the material could deformed till the desired depth of the implant. Identifying a 12 mm tool diameter and a 3.5 mm hole diameter as optimal parameters proves crucial as it yields uniform higher formability and lower surface roughness. Moreover, considering optimal parameters the study finds that a cranial implant, made by zig-zag tool path, 300 mm/min feed rate, and a 0.2 mm step depth, shows both enhanced forming precision and a decrease in surface roughness. Additionally, research investigates changes in microstructure and hardness studies, providing valuable insights into material properties and performance. A finite element model was constructed using the commercial FE-package ABAQUS/Standard. The study investigates von Mises stresses, Plastic equivalent strain, and forming depth across different input parameters.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-026-07044-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation of mesenchymal stromal cells to culture on collagen-based bioscaffold","authors":"Huan Ting Ong,&nbsp;Dulce B. Vargas-Landin,&nbsp;Sharon L. Redmond,&nbsp;Leon Neethling,&nbsp;David I. Rhodes,&nbsp;Rodney J. Dilley","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07069-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07069-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Decellularized tissue scaffolds may provide a substrate for cell delivery, yet their impact on stem cell function remains unclear. We evaluated a decellularized pericardium bioscaffold (CardioCel^®) as a platform for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), testing whether it maintains multipotency without enforcing lineage commitment. Human adipose- and bone marrow-derived MSC adhered, proliferated, and differentiated under appropriate stimuli when cultured on the scaffold. Transcriptome analysis showed most genes retained their expression levels, with only 57 differentially expressed, mainly in pathways related to adhesion, oxygen response, and endogenous stimuli. Genes encoding regenerative paracrine factors were preserved, indicating that the scaffold provides a supportive but non-directive environment. These findings suggest MSC assays can serve as a screening approach to predict scaffold compatibility with endogenous progenitor cells, supporting the broader application of pericardium scaffolds in regenerative medicine.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-026-07069-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148203587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of erythropoietin and selenium enhance bone regeneration in ovariectomized rats","authors":"ChangJin Cheng,&nbsp;HaiSheng Wang,&nbsp;WenJing Cheng,&nbsp;ZhouShan Tao","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07088-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07088-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Osteoporotic bone defects present formidable clinical challenges due to the limited capacity for natural bone repair. Erythropoietin (EPO) and Selenium (Se) have both demonstrated significant efficacy in enhancing bone regeneration; however, it remains unclear whether the combination of EPO and Se can further augment bone repair in the context of estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. We undertook a study aimed at exploring the potential effects of localized implantation of materials incorporating EPO and/or Se on bone regeneration in rats subjected to osteoporosis via bilateral ovariectomy. Our observations revealed that local administration of EPO and Se over a period of 12 weeks effectively accelerated the healing process of osteoporotic bone defects, as evidenced by Micro-CT imaging and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) pathological staining. In addition, our findings from immunofluorescence assays, immunohistochemical analyses, and PCR testing indicate that local treatment with Se/EPO led to heightened expression levels of skeletal osteocalcin (OC), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alongside reduced expression levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in osteoporotic rats. Furthermore, this topical treatment exhibited conspicuous alterations in the expression profiles of key genes including osteoprotegerin (OPG), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and sclerostin (SOST). Our results substantiate that localized administration utilizing Se/EPO holds considerable promise as an effective strategy for expediting the healing process associated with bone defects in cases of postmenopausal osteoporosis.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Se/EPO mediates the regeneration of osteoporotic bone defects by promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis.</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13451527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148154796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-responsive release of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 from recombinant spider-silk protein nanofibrous membrane for enhanced neural cell proliferation","authors":"Wubin Yuan,&nbsp;Fengfang Wu,&nbsp;Fanrui Fu,&nbsp;Yue Li,&nbsp;Lei Liu,&nbsp;Mengru Jin,&nbsp;Peilin Wang,&nbsp;Shiying Chen,&nbsp;Chun Li,&nbsp;Yi Jiang,&nbsp;Peng Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07086-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07086-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application of biomaterial scaffolds capable of controllable growth factor release plays a pivotal role in nerve tissue repair. In this study, a recombinant fusion protein RSSP@IGF was designed and fabricated, yielding a novel recombinant spider silk protein nanofiber membrane. By integrating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) with recombinant spider silk protein (RSSP) and incorporating specific cleavage sites responsive to thrombin and TEV protease, the construct enabled the controlled and sustained delivery of IGF-1. It was also expressed and purified using the Escherichia coli system to obtain a purity exceeding 90% RSSP@IGF. Subsequently, uniform nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning. The membrane delivered excellent biocompatibility, with a hemolytic activity of 0.3%, and could significantly promote the growth of PC12 cells. Its degradation kinetics could be precisely adjusted by thrombin concentration, and 20–90% degradation achieved within 30 min at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 4.0 U/mL. The IGF-1 release profile triggered by TEV protease showed that following its initial rapid release phase (0–24 h), its biological activity level could be maintained for up to 120 h. Notably, compared with all control groups (tissue culture plate, RSSP alone, and RSSP with soluble IGF-1), the membrane significantly enhanced PC12 cell proliferation within 10 days, demonstrating the advantage of the local delivery system. Mechanism studies revealed that RSSP@IGF may promote the proliferation of PC12 cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In summary, the controllable degradation spider silk protein nanofiber membrane constructed in this article provides a highly biocompatible and efficient platform for the sustained delivery of IGF-1. Its controllable degradation and sustained release characteristics hold enormous potential for applications in nerve regeneration and other fields warranting precise spatiotemporal control of growth factor presentation.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13447326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148154709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholesterol-depleting nanozyme amplifies membrane-diffusive ferroptosis for potentiating anti-tumor immunity in colorectal cancer","authors":"Yu Zhao,&nbsp;Ning Cui","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07089-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07089-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To overcome limitations of conventional therapies and low immunotherapy response in colorectal cancer, we developed a cholesterol-depleting nanozyme (ChOx@Fe@C-MOF). This platform synergistically induces ferroptosis and anti-tumor immunity by integrating cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) with a carbonized MIL-100(Fe) carrier (Fe@C-MOF). ChOx disrupts tumor membrane lipid rafts to downregulate GPX4 and generate H₂O₂, while Fe@C-MOF catalyzes ROS production and glutathione depletion. In vitro, ChOx@Fe@C-MOF triggered robust lipid peroxidation, immunogenic cell death, and tumor growth suppression in CT26 models. It enhanced dendritic cell maturation, CD8⁺ T-cell infiltration, and cytokine production, converting immunosuppressive “cold” tumors into immunologically “hot” microenvironments. This strategy integrates cholesterol metabolism intervention with nanozyme catalysis for synergistic ferroptosis-immunotherapy.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13442490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148147950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanostructured electrode materials and flexible-substrate engineering for wearable multi-analyte biosensors in diabetes monitoring and personalized care: a comprehensive review","authors":"Roghieh Sodeify,&nbsp;Mir Amirhossein Seyednazari,&nbsp;Amir Mohammad Dorosti,&nbsp;Alireza Nourazarian","doi":"10.1007/s10856-026-07070-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-026-07070-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review examines the convergence of wearable biosensors and artificial intelligence (AI) in personalized diabetes care. It addresses the limitations of traditional glucose monitoring and underscores the need for continuous, multi-analyte physiological surveillance. The manuscript evaluates multi-biofluid sensing platforms, specifically those utilizing interstitial fluid (ISF), sweat, saliva, tears, and urine. ISF, an extracellular medium and a plasma ultrafiltrate, exhibits low protein content, a property that reduces sensor biofouling. ISF glucose demonstrates a strong correlation with blood glucose (R² &gt; 0.95) and can achieve high analytical sensitivity and specificity in clinically validated systems; however, diffusion-based time lags of 5–10 min present a kinetic challenge. Consequently, AI correction is necessary to ensure real-time accuracy, which is often achieved through minimally invasive microneedle arrays. Sweat analysis allows for non-invasive, multi-parameter measurements. Nevertheless, challenges such as pH instability and analyte loss due to evaporation complicate this sensing approach. Therefore, microfluidic techniques are essential for maintaining sample stability. A primary finding indicates that clinically validated Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) systems yield substantial improvements in glycemic control, increasing Time in Range (TIR) by 10–15% and reducing the incidence of hypoglycemic events by 30–40%. AI-based predictive algorithms can forecast glucose excursions 30–60 min in advance, exhibiting an accuracy exceeding 94%. Key barriers to implementation include sensor calibration challenges, algorithmic bias, and significant healthcare equity issues. Future research should prioritize the development of multi-analyte implantable devices, leverage federated learning frameworks, and incorporate additional biomarkers to deliver continuous, multi-analyte, skin-conformal monitoring.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13437651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}