Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Modified process engineering at morphotropic phase boundary for enhanced grain size and piezoelectric response in lead free BZT-BCT","authors":"Rajat Syal,&nbsp;Priyanka Sharma,&nbsp;Rahul Goel,&nbsp;Arun Kumar Singh,&nbsp;O. P. Thakur,&nbsp;K. K. Sharma,&nbsp;Sanjeev Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13735-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-024-13735-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We perform systematic investigation on (1-x)Ba(Zr_0.20Ti_0.80)O₃-x(Ba_0.70Ca_0.30)TiO₃ ceramics prepared by solid state reaction technique. We thoroughly investigate the effect of synthesis procedure on crystal structure, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties. Room temperature X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal that the as synthesized samples crystallize with desired perovskite phase. Scanning electron microscopy depicts that the grain size shows significant enhancement in size. Large grains having size ~ 36 μm were observed in 50(BZT-BCT) composition prepared using modified synthesis route. Dielectric analysis depicts that the Curie temperature ‘T_c’ and diffusive coefficient ‘γ’ are considerably affected by the synthesis process. Ferroelectric studies show the well saturated loops at 30 kV/cm, and observed maximum values of remnant polarization (P_r), saturation polarization (P_s) and low values of coercive field (E_c) ~ 12.39 μC/cm², 22.67 μC/cm² and 3.05 kV/cm, respectively for 50(BZT-BCT) composition. Excellent piezoelectric properties (d₃₃ ~ 520 pC/N and k_p ~ 57.5%) were observed in 50(BZT-BCT) ceramic. The present manuscript highlights the various parameters affected the synthesis process. The results show that the modified synthesis route enhanced the properties of the ceramic and are promising candidates for lead-free piezoelectric applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of a mixed metal oxide (MMO)-based sensor for the detection of adulterants (urea and melamine) in milk at room temperature","authors":"V. Shyamala,&nbsp;S. Radha,&nbsp;R. Kiruthika,&nbsp;K. R. Acchutharaman","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13730-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-024-13730-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p> Milk has high biological and nutritional value and is an essential component of a healthy diet for both children and adults. Despite the serious health risks, milk contamination with substances such as urea, melamine remains a widespread problem today. The consumption of adulterated milk causes severe health effects. The Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO)-based sensor, composed of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Nickel Oxide (NiO), was developed using the low-temperature hydrothermal method. The synthesized MMO nanostructure was coated over the surface of the Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE). The fabricated MMO sensor material was characterized using XRD, FESEM, and EDX analysis to check its structural integrity, morphological features, and elemental composition. The developed MMO sensor is experimentally analysed for melamine and urea detection using a Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) setup at room temperature. The developed MMO sensor exhibited a maximum current of 0.010 µA, a high sensitivity of 0.1069 µAmM⁻¹ cm⁻² in which the melamine in milk is 10.6 times higher than urea and melamine, and a short response of 2 s when using melamine milk samples. The fabricated MMO sensor is capable of detecting adulterants in milk samples as evidenced by its linearity, response time, Limit of Detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), stability, and reproducibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-TiO2 coating for improved electrical properties of outdoor high-voltage porcelain insulators","authors":"Khaled Belhouchet,&nbsp;Abderrahim Zemmit,&nbsp;Hocine Belhouchet,&nbsp;Abdelhafid Bayadi,&nbsp;Maximina Romero","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13756-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-024-13756-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study delves into the development of porcelain using local raw materials, focusing on insulator contamination as a crucial factor contributing to flashover and security issues in high-voltage power systems. To alleviate this problem, the introduction of nano-TiO₂ coating is proposed as a means to enhance the properties of porcelain insulators. This porcelain composition was formulated using a blend of kaolin, quartz, feldspar, and recycled waste glass. The resulting specimens underwent characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The research aims to evaluate the relationship between an insulator’s electrical performance and critical flashover voltage in the presence of nano-TiO₂ coating, based on experimental results. An artificial contamination test was conducted, and characterization techniques such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) were employed to analyze surface, morphology, and thickness. Raman spectroscopy was utilized to analyze the TiO₂-coated surface. Electrical tests were performed on both coated and uncoated samples to assess the impact of the titanium dioxide film on electrical properties. The TiO₂ coating significantly enhances the reliability of porcelain insulators by increasing flashover voltage, reducing leakage current, and improving both dielectric strength and insulation resistance. Furthermore, the Finite Element Method (FEM) was applied to analyze the effects of coating on the porcelain insulator’s electrical performance. The results underscored the improvement in electrical properties of the studied porcelain, which can be attributed to the isolating properties of the nanoparticles. The combination of experimental and simulation results provides valuable insights into the influence of TiO₂ thin film and its role in enhancing the electrical properties of porcelain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of partially embedded bimetallic gold-silver nanostructures for sucrose sensing applications","authors":"Ksh. Devarani Devi,&nbsp;Aditya Sharma,&nbsp;Sunil Ojha,&nbsp;Jai Parkash,&nbsp;Fouran Singh","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13718-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-024-13718-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>30 keV Ag⁻ ion implantation on Au thin film, 5 nm, deposited on glass substrates produces partially embedded bimetallic AuAg alloy nanostructures. Low energy Ag⁻ ion implantation is utilized to simultaneously achieve two objectives: first, it irradiates the Au thin layer, and second, it incorporates Ag atoms into the glass substrates. The investigations using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) reveal that the Ag^- ion implantation caused nanostructuring of the partially embedded irregularly shaped and spherical shaped nanostructures on glass substrates. The particle mean size is (37.5 ± 6.8) nm and the height profiles vary from 0 to 12 nm. The average separation distance between the particles is 131 nm, which indicates good separation. Measurements with Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) show mixing of Au atoms with Ag atoms in the host substrate, indicating alloy formation. Further, the results of UV–Vis (Surface Plasmon Resonance) absorption studies show only one SPR absorbance peak in the absorption spectra, that also support the synthesis of bimetallic AuAg alloy nanoparticles (NPs) in glass substrates. The mechanisms of production of partially embedded alloy nanostructure on the glass surface are explained by crater formation, sputtering; inter particle diffusion and mixing due to thermal spike caused by low energy Ag⁻ ion implantation. Sucrose sensing has been explored on these glass thin films comprising partially embedded bimetallic AuAg alloy nanostructures. Without the need for a probe, the SPRs of bimetallic AuAg alloy nanostructures are effective in detecting sucrose solutions, showing a noticeable blue shift (~ 11 nm) to 1 nM sucrose solution. However, there is no change in SPR position with further increase in concentration of sucrose solution. The result indicates complete coverage of NPs with 1 nM sucrose solution and detection limit is significantly lower than that of a 1 nM sucrose solution. The findings show that the sensing responses have potential applications in sensing of biomolecules.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of annealing treatment on oxalic acid-assisted electrodeposited CdS thin films for enhanced solar cell performance","authors":"Abla Kamilia Madkour,&nbsp;Fatiha Rogti,&nbsp;Linda Aissani,&nbsp;Ahmed Hamdi,&nbsp;Ahlam Belgroune,&nbsp;Abdelhalim Zoukel","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13751-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-024-13751-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CdS thin films have been successfully electrodeposited by introducing oxalic acid in the electrolytic solution as a novel complexing agent to prevent sulfide precipitation. The CdS films were grown on an FTO/glass substrate at − 0.890 V for 10 min and then annealed at 120 °C and 400 °C, respectively, in air. X-ray diffraction revealed that the CdS films have mixed hexagonal and cubic phases with (311) cubic-CdS preferred orientation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results illustrated a transition from compact grains with more spherical precipitations on the surface at 120 °C to denser and homogeneous structure with a large crystallite size at 400 °C. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed a decrease in the S content and an under-stoichiometric composition of CdS film at 400 °C. The band gap value decreased from 2.47 to 2.24 eV as the annealing temperature increased, while optimum transmittance was obtained at 120 °C. Mott–Schottky analysis revealed n-type conductivity for both samples where the flat band potential and donor density vary with the annealing temperature from − 0.99 to − 1.02 V and from 3.9 × 10²⁰ to 1.1 × 10²¹ cm⁻³, respectively. The electrochemical impedance studies affirmed that the electrochemical process is under kinetic control and demonstrated lower <i>R</i>_CT at 400 °C. PEC measurements showed enhancement in the <i>V</i>_OC and <i>J</i>_SC at 400 °C, indicating improved sensitivity and efficiency for photodetection. The slow decay of dark and photocurrent was attributed to defects and local potential fluctuations within the films. These findings highlight the effectiveness of using oxalic acid in the deposition process of CdS thin films making them suitable for solar cell applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10854-024-13751-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifetime prediction and fracture behavior of shear cycled Cu/Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu/Cu joints under current stressing","authors":"Wangyun Li,&nbsp;Longgen Liu,&nbsp;Feng Chen,&nbsp;Yiqin Xu,&nbsp;Hongbo Qin,&nbsp;Yubing Gong","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13692-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-024-13692-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Influences of shear amplitude and joint height on fatigue lifetime and fracture behavior of Cu/Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu/Cu joints with increasing current density were investigated. The results show that fatigue lifetime was shortened with increasing shear amplitude and current density but presented no joint height-dependency. A fatigue lifetime prediction model considering electric current stressing was proposed, and the predicted values were close to the experiment results. Additionally, when the current density increased, the fracture initially occurred in the solder matrix with a ductile mode, then shifted to partial at the solder/IMC layer interface with a ductile–brittle mixed mode, and finally migrated to complete at the solder/IMC layer interface with a brittle mode, showing a prominent ductile-to-brittle transition. These changes were mainly due to the sharply aggravated strain mismatch at the interface.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental composition optimization to achieve eutectic Au–Sn solder","authors":"Chupong Pakpum,&nbsp;Kanokwan Kanchiang","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13710-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-024-13710-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The loss of some elements during the bonding process causes the overall composition to deviate from the eutectic point, affecting the adhesion’s strength. Experiments were conducted to find suitable conditions via percentage of film thickness ratio (Au thickness/(Au + Sn) thickness) in the 48.72–60.13% range, which corresponds to %Sn in the range of 29–40at% on the binary Au–Sn (Au-rich side) phase diagram. The squeeze-out phenomenon of Sn occurs during heat and pressure between two workpieces that are being welded together and because this element has a lower melting temperature than Au, this results in the preparation of Sn equivalent to 33at%, corresponding to a percentage film thickness ratio of 56%, to obtain the eutectic condition at Sn 29at% when the bonding process is completed. Specimens were prepared with focus ion beam for analysis elements to indicate the phase formation of IMCs and their distribution. The workpiece was prepared with FIB-lamella to study the nanometer structure with the transmission electron microscopy technique and identify the type of crystals formed by the selected area electron diffraction analysis. The adhesion strength was evaluated with all experimental conditions using a shear tester. It was found that the conditions of eutectic provide the highest adhesion strength at 285.20 ± 10.62 MPa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sm-doped SnO2 nanostructures for aqueous ammonia sensing application","authors":"Nishu Rani,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar,&nbsp;Sandeep Yadav,&nbsp;Sridhar Babu","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13721-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-024-13721-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reports the synthesis of Sm-doped tin oxide nanostructures using a co-precipitation route to develop an aqueous ammonia sensor. The characterization of as-prepared samples was carried out by XRD, FESEM, FTIR, UV–Visible absorption spectroscopy, and energy-resolved photoluminescence, respectively. The crystallite size range is from 8 ± 0.4 nm to 17 ± 1 nm. All samples show nearly spherical morphology with a grain size range of 35–70 nm. FTIR spectra correspond to O–H, C=O, Sn-OH, and Sn–O–Sn functional groups, confirming the formation of SnO₂ nanostructures. The energy band gap varies from 2.71 eV to 3.09 eV. An increase in bandgap observed for 9at% Sm-doped SnO₂ nanostructures may be due to the Moss-Burstein effect. Photoluminescence studies show the increase in band-to-band and defect-related emission with the addition of a dopant and an increase in dopant concentration. Linear sweep Voltammetry of undoped and Sm-doped tin oxide nanostructures was done to develop an aqueous ammonia sensor. I-V characteristics show a rise in current for undoped and Sm-doped SnO₂ nanostructured layers when immersed in water containing ammonia. The analyte detection capability of the samples also increases with an increase in Sm-dopant (3% to 9%) as well as with analyte (NH₃) concentration (100 ppm to 500 ppm) in water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Na-doped ZnO thin film by USP method for amperometric detection of Alura Red (E129) azo dye","authors":"Mehmet Batuhan Topal,&nbsp;Hilal Kubra Saglam,&nbsp;Mehmet Ertugrul,&nbsp;Esen Tasgin,&nbsp;Hayrunnisa Nadaroglu","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13722-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-024-13722-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Allura red (E129), which is in the azo dye class, is one of the synthetic dyes used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Given its growing industrial use and potential health risks, it’s important to determine its concentration at the lowest possible level. Therefore, in this study, experiments were conducted on the development of a platform for the electrochemical detection of AR with thin film layers of ZnO NPs deposited using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method on soda-lime glass substrates using the amperometric method based on the detection of resistance change. Undoped and Na⁺ ions (2% and 4%)-doped ZnO thin films were grown on soda-lime glass substrates at 400 °C using ultrasonic sputtering (USP). The characterization of the produced Na⁺@ZnO thin films was performed using various analysis methods, including XRD, FESEM, and EDS. The results showed that ZnO was homogeneously dispersed on the glass surface and positively affected the detection of azo dyes at low concentrations. The amperometric method determined the amount of AR azo dye in water. This research demonstrates that a well-designed hierarchical structure in the new Na⁺@ZnO electrocatalyst can successfully detect azo dye at concentrations as low as 0.01 ppb.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molten drawing inorganic ductile Ag2S0.7Te0.3 fibers with high thermoelectric performance and stability","authors":"Lianghuan Wei,&nbsp;Tianhao Dong,&nbsp;Yongpeng Cui,&nbsp;Shengjie Zhu,&nbsp;Jianxiao Si","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13746-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-024-13746-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One potential application for flexible thermoelectric (TE) devices based on inorganic ductile fiber materials is the development of self-powered wearable electronics. In the work, the molten drawing method was employed for fabricating inorganic ductile Ag₂S_0.7Te_0.3 fibers. The output voltage and maximum output power of the single fiber are 3.3 mV and 837.4 nW, respectively, under a temperature difference of 50 K. The Ag₂S_0.7Te_0.3 fiber shows outstanding stability performance in the service stability test with a critical electric density of 36 A cm⁻² and exhibits a tensile strain of 5%. The high temperature sensitivity of the Ag₂S_0.7Te_0.3 fibers TE device demonstrates the application potential in wearable electronics products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}