Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics最新文献

{"title":"Study on green processing and microstructure property of conductive cotton threads based on 3D printing","authors":"Donghao Li,&nbsp;Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Jingwen Guo,&nbsp;Lingqi Kong,&nbsp;Lizhong Wang,&nbsp;Yaoning Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-18600-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-18600-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study proposes a direct-writing deposition system that, compared to traditional electroless plating, enables the localized and programmable deposition of a copper salt solution onto the surface of cotton yarn, thereby achieving precise control over deposition parameters while reducing solution consumption compared to traditional electroless plating. This provides a new technical approach for the environmentally friendly processing of conductive cotton yarn. In the experiments, the deposition head travel speed (25, 50, 75 mm/min) and deposition temperature (40, 60 °C) were selected as variable parameters to deposit Cu film on the surface of the cotton yarn. Using scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), bending test, and corrosion resistance testing, the study systematically investigated the microstructure, crystal structure, elemental composition, adhesion to the cotton yarn, and corrosion resistance of the Cu film. The results show that the Cu film prepared at 60 °C and a speed of 25 mm/min exhibits superior electrical conductivity compared to the other samples. This study provides novel insights into the fabrication of conductive materials for flexible electronics applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of metronidazole over UiO-66@CoNiAl-layered triple hydroxide: kinetics, statistical optimisation, and mechanistic insights","authors":"Pranjit Borah,&nbsp;Sanghita Kangsa Banik,&nbsp;Najah Alshammari,&nbsp;Mohammed Ahmaruzzaman","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-18583-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-18583-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The occurrence and persistence of pharmaceutical pollutants in aquatic environments necessitate efficient and sustainable technologies for their removal. In this study, UiO-66@CoNiAl-LTH (Zr-CNA), a Zr-based MOF/LTH hybrid photocatalyst, was synthesised using a solvothermal method and tested for sunlight-driven metronidazole (MTZ) degradation. The photocatalytic process was optimised using RSM-CCD, taking into account initial MTZ concentration, catalyst loading, solution pH, and H₂O₂ dosage. Zr-CNA degraded 98.65 ± 0.4% of MTZ within 45 min under optimised conditions (pH 3, initial MTZ concentration 15 mg L⁻¹, catalyst loading 0.12 g L⁻¹, and H₂O₂ dosage 0.28 mL) using pseudo-first-order kinetics and an apparent rate constant of 3.5 × 10^–2 min⁻¹. The enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to the intimate heterointerface, which facilitates interfacial charge transfer while combining pollutant-enrichment sites with complementary redox-active centres. Reactive-species trapping experiments revealed that superoxide radicals play an important role in MTZ degradation. Furthermore, approximately 80.06% TOC removal, together with LC–MS identification of transformation intermediates, indicated substantial mineralisation and oxidative transformation of MTZ rather than simple adsorption. After five consecutive cycles, the Zr-CNA photocatalyst retained more than 94.5 ± 0.4% of its initial degradation performance, demonstrating excellent reusability and sustained photocatalytic activity. Overall, the combination of high degradation efficiency, significant mineralisation, recyclability, and sunlight-driven operation highlights Zr-CNA’s potential as a multifunctional photocatalyst for pharmaceutical-contaminated water treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring the electrochemical performance of NiO–CuO [70:30] nanocomposites using citric acid as a surfactant synthesized via coprecipitation for supercapacitor electrode","authors":"Dolvin V S,&nbsp;S. Jeslin Sunitha Bai,&nbsp;S. Sindhusha","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-18532-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-18532-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the NiO/CuO nanocomposite with a 70:30 ratio was prepared using citric acid as a surfactant via a simple coprecipitation method. The P-XRD of NiO/CuO nanocomposite confirms that the structure of NiO is in the cubic phase and CuO is in the monoclinic phase. Rietveld refinement analysis reveals the presence of a mixed-phase NiO and CuO as a nanocomposite theoretically. The average crystallite size of NiO/CuO nanocomposite is 28 nm. The spherical morphology with an average particle size of 35 nm, shown by FESEM and EDS analysis represents the elemental composition of NiO/CuO nanocomposite. The XPS spectrum verifies the existence of both Ni²⁺/Ni³⁺ and Cu⁺/Cu²⁺ redox couples, which indicates the high number of active sites that interact between the Ni and Cu combination enhances electrical conductivity and Faradaic charge storage. The maximum specific capacitance of NiO/CuO nanocomposite is found to be 565.08 F g⁻¹ at 1.5 A g⁻¹. The energy density and power density are determined to be 8.46 Wh kg⁻¹ and 951.73 W kg⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹ and the capacitance retention of 87.25% and the Coulombic efficiency of 98.54% was achieved after 5000 cycles at 15 A g⁻¹. Thus, this work on NiO/CuO nanocomposite is a suitable material for supercapacitor electrode fabrication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Expression of Concern: Structural, morphological and magnetic properties of hydrothermally synthesized ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles","authors":"R. Rameshbabu,&nbsp;R. Ramesh,&nbsp;S. Kanagesan,&nbsp;A. Karthigeyan,&nbsp;S. Ponnusamy","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-18569-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-18569-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance enhancement of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells through inter-facial and bandgap engineering: a combined experimental and numerical approach","authors":"Dipak K. Jena,&nbsp;R. Prasad,&nbsp;Sutanu Mangal,&nbsp;Udai P. Singh","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-18562-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-18562-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work presents a combined experimental and numerical investigation of single layer and bilayer copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) based thin-film solar cells, focusing on absorber bandgap grading and interfacial engineering. Single layer devices based on Ga-rich and Ga-lean CIGS absorbers (G4 and S4) and bilayer devices with and without an intermediate MoS_₂ layer (A1 and A4) were deposited on Molybdenum (Mo) coated soda lime glass (SLG) substrates using a sequential sputtering selenization process. The formation of tetragonal chalcopyrite CIGS phase is identified from the XRD. Raman spectroscopy showed prominent A₁ and B₂/E modes, while XPS verified Cu⁺, In³⁺, Ga³⁺, and Se²⁻ oxidation states and uniform elemental distribution. FESEM and AFM revealed densely packed, uniform microstructures with RMS roughness of 3.35–3.56 nm, favoring efficient charge transport. Hall Effect measurements showed p-type conductivity with increased mobility in bilayer CIGS with MoS_₂ layer. Capacitance–voltage analysis indicated greater doping levels in CIGS-2, which improved carrier collection. Controlled Ga grading and MoS₂ interlayers enhance crystallinity, minimize defects, and optimize electrical characteristics, leading to high-performance CIGS solar cells. Using the SCAPS-1D simulation software, the simulated A1 device (Glass/Mo/CuIn₀.₃₄Ga₀.₆₆Se₂(1)/MoS₂/CuIn₀.₇Ga₀.₃Se₂(2)/CdS/i-ZnO/Al:ZnO) shows that adding a MoS₂ intermediate layer significantly improves the performance of bilayer CIGS solar cells. The device's MoS₂ layer results in an open-circuit voltage (V_oc) of 0.79 V, a short-circuit current density (J_sc) of 39.22 mA/cm², a fill factor (FF) of 83.91%, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.22%. The bilayer device (A4) without the MoS₂ interlayer has lower values for Voc (0.78 V), Jsc (37.13 mA/cm²), FF (83.03%), and PCE (24.20%). The simulated single layer devices demonstrate comparatively lower efficiencies, with the Ga-lean CIGS-2 (S4) device yielding a PCE of 18.15% (V_oc = 0.68 V, J_sc = 35 mA/cm², FF = 75.50%) and the Ga-rich CIGS-1 (G4) device achieving a PCE of 19.51% (V_oc = 0.78 V, J_sc = 32.53 mA/cm², FF = 76.29%). The outcome shows that the MoS₂ interfacial layer can improve CIGS solar cells performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of “seaweed-like” Ni/TiO2/CNTs architectures for lithium–sulfur batteries","authors":"Bin Liu,&nbsp;Dong-ming Li,&nbsp;Jia-xuan Xu,&nbsp;Hao Qu,&nbsp;Jun-kai Yu,&nbsp;Yong Zhang,&nbsp;Hong Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-18572-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-18572-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are regarded as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems due to their high theoretical energy density. However, their practical application is severely hindered by the notorious polysulfide shuttle effect and sluggish sulfur redox kinetics. Herein, “seaweed-like” multifunctional Ni/TiO₂/CNTs architectures are synthesized by an electrodeposition and chemical vapor deposition combined route to address the shuttling effect of Li–S batteries. XRD, Raman, XPS, and other experimental results confirm the successful formation of crystalline NiTiO₃ phase in “seaweed-like” hierarchical and porous Ni/TiO₂/CNTs architectures. Moreover, Ni/TiO₂/CNTs architectures are constructed as interlayers between cathode and separator of Li–S batteries, which demonstrates both strong chemisorption capability toward polysulfides and exceptional electrocatalytic activity. Cyclic voltammetry and Tafel analysis reveal that it significantly reduces the reaction energy barriers for both sulfur reduction and lithium sulfide oxidation. Under a 1.2 mg cm⁻² sulfur loading, the interlayer-equipped Li–S battery exhibits a high reversible capacity of 1031.3 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 cycles at 0.2 C rate capability. This work not only provides a new strategy for fabricating high-performance Li–S battery interlayers but also offers deep insight into the mechanism of heterojunction-catalyzed polysulfide conversion at the atomic scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of structural, third-order nonlinear optical characteristics and surface morphology of pure and brilliant green dye-doped zinc potassium aluminium sulphate nonadecahydrate single crystals","authors":"Ashish Mehta,&nbsp;Kingshuk Bose","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-18587-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-18587-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Innovation in contemporary photonic technology depends on the production of superior inorganic crystals. Here, we report the first successful development and thorough characterisation of new zinc potassium aluminium sulphate nonadecahydrate (BGDDZPASDH) single crystals doped with brilliant green (BG) dye. Using double-distilled water as the solvent, the slow evaporation solution growth approach was used to produce pure ZPASDH and BGDDZPASDH single crystals at room temperature. After 20 and 28 days of development, respectively, high-quality, optically transparent crystals containing nominal BG concentrations of 0.02 and 0.04 mol% were successfully harvested. In order to methodically investigate the impact of BG dye incorporation on their structural, optical, and third-order nonlinear optical (TONLO) properties, a variety of characterisation techniques were employed on both the as-grown single crystals and their powdered forms. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis revealed sharp, well-defined Bragg reflections, confirming the high crystalline quality of both the pure ZPASDH and BGDDZPASDH matrices. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verified the successful integration of the BG dye into the host ZPASDH lattice, as evidenced by distinct shifts in the characteristic vibrational bands. Furthermore, UV–Visible spectrophotometry spanning 200–800 nm was employed to determine the room-temperature optical bandgap energies (<i>E</i>_g) of the crystals. Complementary photoluminescence (PL) studies indicated that BG dye doping effectively reduces microscopic defects, such as vacancies and self-interstitials, within the crystal lattice. The TONLO properties of the pure and BGDDZPASDH crystals were investigated using the Z-scan technique with a He–Ne laser operating at 632.8 nm. Key parameters, including the nonlinear refractive index (<i>n</i>₂), nonlinear absorption coefficient (<i>β</i>), and third-order nonlinear susceptibility (<span>({chi }^{(3)})</span>), were systematically evaluated. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility (<span>({chi }^{(3)}))</span> was determined to be 2.52 <span>(times)</span> 10^–6 esu for pure ZPASDH, 3.60 <span>(times)</span> 10^–6 esu for BGDDZPASDH1, and 3.83 <span>(times)</span> 10^–6 esu for BGDDZPASDH2 crystals. This trend demonstrates a significant enhancement in the third-order nonlinear optical response following the incorporation of the BG dye.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal synthesis of g-C3N4/Cu2S nanocomposites for high-performance solid-state symmetric supercapacitors with real-time LED demonstration","authors":"Sathesh Solaman,&nbsp;Tamilmani Nagarajan,&nbsp;Saravanakumar Masan,&nbsp;Sakunthala Ayyasamy,&nbsp;Jayabal Palanisamy","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-18552-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-18552-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The graphitic carbon nitride and copper sulfide (g-C₃N₄/Cu₂S) nanocomposites (NCs) with varying Cu₂S concentrations (2–6%) were successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal approach for high-performance supercapacitor applications. The structural, morphological, optical, and electrochemical properties of the synthesized materials were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Ultraviolet–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The XRD results confirmed the successful formation of crystalline g-C₃N₄/Cu₂S heterostructures, while FESEM analysis revealed an interconnected porous morphology favorable for rapid ion diffusion and electron transport. Electrochemical investigations demonstrated that the incorporation of Cu₂S significantly enhanced the capacitive performance of g-C₃N₄ due to improved conductivity and increased electroactive sites. Among all samples, the g-C₃N₄/Cu₂S-6% nanocomposite exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 2060.36 F/g at 0.5 A/g in a three-electrode system. The fabricated solid-state symmetric supercapacitor device delivered a remarkable energy density of 95.56 Wh/kg and power density of 45,854 W/kg, along with excellent cyclic stability of 98% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles. Series-connected devices powered red, green, and yellow LEDs, underscoring their practical potential for energy storage applications. These findings demonstrate that the synergistic interaction between g-C₃N₄ and Cu₂S provides enhanced electrochemical kinetics and outstanding energy storage performance, making the g-C₃N₄/Cu₂S nanocomposite a promising electrode material for next-generation supercapacitor applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning structure and magnetotransport in La0.67Ca0.25Sr0.08MnO3 manganite via sintering-induced lattice modulation","authors":"Junran Li,&nbsp;Juechi Li,&nbsp;Kunpeng Su,&nbsp;Shuai Huang,&nbsp;Weishi Tan,&nbsp;Lin Yang,&nbsp;Haiou Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-18591-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-18591-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structural and magnetotransport properties of polycrystalline La_0.67Ca_0.25Sr_0.08MnO₃ (LCSMO) ceramics are systematically investigated as a function of final sintering temperature. Samples sintered at 1100–1400 °C (S1100, S1200, S1300, and S1400) all crystallize in the orthorhombic <i>Pbnm</i> perovskite structure, yet Rietveld refinement reveals a nonmonotonic evolution of the Mn–O framework. The S1200 sample exhibits the longest Mn–O bond and the smallest Mn–O–Mn bond angle, indicating the strongest octahedral distortion, while higher temperatures partially restore the Mn–O–Mn network. Resistivity measurements show a broad maximum, characteristic of a transport crossover rather than a sharp phase transition. The S1200 sample shows the highest resistivity, whereas S1400 exhibits the lowest, with zero-field room-temperature resistivity below 0.5 Ω·cm. Applied magnetic fields reduce the resistivity, shift the resistivity maximum toward higher temperatures, and yield a nearly symmetric negative magnetoresistance, consistent with the suppression of spin-disorder scattering. Quantitative fitting in the metallic-like region indicates that disorder-enhanced electron–electron interaction and spin-dependent scattering contribute to the transport, while the semiconducting-like region can be empirically described by small-polaron and variable-range hopping models. These results demonstrate that sintering temperature modulates the magnetotransport through coupled modifications of the Mn–O–Mn network and carrier localization, providing a route for tuning the functional response of LCSMO manganite ceramics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The addition of Sb element improves the reliability of SAC305/Cu solder joints and inhibits the growth of IMC layer","authors":"Jikang Yan,&nbsp;Jian Zhao,&nbsp;Jiangshan Liu,&nbsp;Senlin Yi","doi":"10.1007/s10854-026-18596-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-026-18596-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditional SAC305 lead-free solder suffers from inferior wettability, excessive interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) growth under high-temperature aging, and unsatisfactory mechanical performance and long-term reliability. To address these issues, trace Sb alloying modification was employed in this work, and SAC305-xSb composite solders (<i>x</i> = 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 wt.%) were prepared. The influences of Sb doping content on the phase constitution, microstructural evolution, wettability, Vickers hardness, tensile strength and interfacial IMC growth kinetics of the solders were systematically explored. The results reveal that Sb can form solid solution in the <i>β</i>-Sn lattice and induce lattice distortion, whereas superfluous Sb precipitates as SnSb secondary phase. Moderate Sb addition evidently refines primary <i>β</i>-Sn grains, homogenizes the distribution of eutectic microstructure, and maintains the original interfacial IMC structure. The wettability, mechanical performance and IMC growth suppression capability are improved first and then deteriorated with increasing Sb content. Under isothermal aging at 150 ℃, IMC growth follows a diffusion-dominated parabolic law. The IMC growth coefficient k of SAC305-2.0Sb is only 0.05174, which is 34.6% lower than that of pristine SAC305, demonstrating a remarkable suppression effect on interfacial IMC proliferation. Considering wettability, interfacial thermal stability and mechanical performance comprehensively, 2.0 wt.% Sb exhibits the optimal comprehensive performance. Such an optimal doping level simultaneously optimizes wettability, strengthens mechanical properties and enhances interfacial stability, offering experimental support for the compositional design and practical engineering application of lead-free solders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"37 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}