{"title":"A model for evaluating cumulative oxide damage from multiple plasma processes","authors":"K. Noguchi, A. Matsumoto, N. Oda","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843941","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a model for evaluating the cumulative oxide damage caused by multiple plasma processes. By considering dependence of the charging current on the antenna size, the damage to a MOS device with various antenna configurations is evaluated, and is compared with the measured data. It is shown that the plasma charging current is a sub-linear function of the antenna size. Because of this characteristic, cumulative oxide damage becomes smaller than a simple sum when the antenna is shared among multiple layers of antenna conductors. A modified antenna rule is proposed, and a realistic antenna design guideline is obtained.","PeriodicalId":6387,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 38th Annual (Cat. No.00CH37059)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91490444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Abe, S. Tokitoh, Shih-Chang Chen, J. Kanamori, H. Onoda
{"title":"Effect of Ti insertion between Cu and TiN layers on electromigration reliability in Cu/(Ti)/TiN/Ti layered damascene interconnects","authors":"K. Abe, S. Tokitoh, Shih-Chang Chen, J. Kanamori, H. Onoda","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843935","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of Ti insertion between Cu and TiN layers on electromigration in Cu/(Ti)/TiN/Ti layered damascene interconnects was investigated. Ti insertion enhanced the wetting property of Cu to underlayer TiN and increased the sheet resistance of the layered film when annealed. This resistance change was caused by diffusion of Ti into the Cu film and resulting in reduction in cross-sectional area of the Cu film. The insertion of thinner Ti with air-exposure before Cu deposition was found to be effective in obtaining a lower sheet resistance for the composite Cu film and for the line resistance of a Cu damascene structure. The air-exposure treatment did not influence the via resistance. The Cu damascene interconnects with Ti insertion have up to 100 times longer electromigration lifetime than those without Ti insertion. Microstructures of the Cu film such as grain size, its distribution and texture were almost the same in samples with and without Ti insertion. The improvement of interface quality between Cu and underlayer, which would have an impact on the diffusivity of Cu atoms at the interface, and the existence of Ti in Cu play an important role in improving electromigration resistance.","PeriodicalId":6387,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 38th Annual (Cat. No.00CH37059)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86072776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neutron-induced boron fission as a major source of soft errors in deep submicron SRAM devices","authors":"R. Baumann, E. Smith","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843906","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of cosmic neutron induced /sup 10/B fission in production logic devices is reported for the first time. Using a special 20 K cold neutron beam to accelerate SER events, we unambiguously demonstrate that neutron induced /sup 10/B fission is a significant source of soft errors in deep-submicron SRAMs fabricated with borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG).","PeriodicalId":6387,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 38th Annual (Cat. No.00CH37059)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88411859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Dunn, D. Harame, S. St. Onge, A. Joseph, N. Feilchenfeld, K. Watson, S. Subbanna, G. Freeman, S. Voldman, D. Ahlgren, R. Johnson
{"title":"Trends in silicon germanium BiCMOS integration and reliability","authors":"J. Dunn, D. Harame, S. St. Onge, A. Joseph, N. Feilchenfeld, K. Watson, S. Subbanna, G. Freeman, S. Voldman, D. Ahlgren, R. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843921","url":null,"abstract":"A base-after-gate integration scheme has been developed fora 0.25 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS and the details of the approach are discussed. NPN device reliability is reviewed for high-frequency transistors. The reliability aspects associated with using SiGe for applications with high collector-base voltage with high emitter current are also explored. Finally, the ESD characteristics of the SiGe BiCMOS technology elements are summarized.","PeriodicalId":6387,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 38th Annual (Cat. No.00CH37059)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80326382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philippe Candelier, Nathalie Villani, J. Schoellkopf, Patrick Mortini
{"title":"One time programmable drift antifuse cell reliability","authors":"Philippe Candelier, Nathalie Villani, J. Schoellkopf, Patrick Mortini","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843909","url":null,"abstract":"An innovative non-volatile memory cell based on gate oxide breakdown is presented. The full compatibility with a standard CMOS process and the limited programming current per cell make the drift antifuse a low cost and dense non-volatile storage solution. Reliable storage is demonstrated and results from both device architecture and design optimization are given.","PeriodicalId":6387,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 38th Annual (Cat. No.00CH37059)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77598120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved reliability prediction through reduced-stress temperature cycling","authors":"A. Cory","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843920","url":null,"abstract":"Standards for conditions and criteria of reliability stresses, in the absence of proven reliability models, have long been based on the capabilities and historical performance of processes and materials. A widely accepted model for temperature cycling has evolved in this decade. The author uses this model and case studies of specific failure mechanisms to show that the use of the commonly accepted condition C in temperature cycling can create unreasonably high acceleration of thermal stresses, possibly masking failure mechanisms more relevant to field applications. This often results in the pursuit of corrective action for mechanisms unlikely to occur in application environments, and may actually prevent detection of mechanisms more likely to occur in the field. For temperature cycling of present technology encapsulated packages, it is concluded that 1000 cycles of condition B is a superior criterion to 500 cycles of condition C. As an extension of this discussion, it is proposed to design ongoing and future reliability evaluations around evolving understanding of the physics of failure and the real needs of applications.","PeriodicalId":6387,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 38th Annual (Cat. No.00CH37059)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83417400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Field acceleration for oxide breakdown-can an accurate anode hole injection model resolve the E vs. 1/E controversy?","authors":"M. A. Alam, J. Bude, A. Ghetti","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843886","url":null,"abstract":"A simple model, based on the concept of Anode Hole Injection, explains a number of puzzling measurements of oxide lifetime as a function of applied voltage. We provide systematic explanations of these measurements, and explore its implications for gate oxide reliability.","PeriodicalId":6387,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 38th Annual (Cat. No.00CH37059)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83297783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Vanderlinde, M.E. Cheney, E. B. McDaniel, K. L. Skinner, L. A. Knauss, B. M. Frazier, H. Christen
{"title":"Localizing power to ground shorts in a chips-first MCM by scanning SQUID microscopy","authors":"W. Vanderlinde, M.E. Cheney, E. B. McDaniel, K. L. Skinner, L. A. Knauss, B. M. Frazier, H. Christen","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843949","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate that scanning SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) microscopy is a fast and easy method for finding the location of power-to-ground shorts in a series of chip-first MCM (multi-chip module) samples. Previous work has shown that the scanning SQUID microscope is capable of locating shorts in a C4 chip carrier and a ball grid array package, however the physical analysis was not performed to verify the (presumed) fail locations. In the present work, shorted areas in a chips-first MCM were located by SQUID microscopy and confirmed by mechanical cross-sectioning. When a short in a second MCM was found by SQUID microscopy and repaired with a laser, the power-to-ground resistance increased by more than a factor of 1000, bringing the part within specification. Techniques such as emission microscopy were unsuccessful in detecting the shorted current paths in these devices. Thus scanning SQUID microscopy is the only known method for locating and repairing defects in this product.","PeriodicalId":6387,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 38th Annual (Cat. No.00CH37059)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77518299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental analysis of gate oxide degradation-existence of neutral trap precursor, single and multiple trap-assisted-tunneling for SILC mechanism","authors":"R. Yamada, J. Yugami, M. Ohkura","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843892","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated gate oxide degradation to focus on two topics, which were neutral trap generation and stress-induced leakage current (SILC). We show that the neutral traps were generated by hole injection during Fowler-Nordheim stressing. The experimental result shows the existence of neutral trap precursor. We also show that the relationship between the neutral trap density and the SILC was linear in 6.2 nm thick gate oxide and deviation from the linearity was observed in thicker oxide. The linearity in 6.2 nm thick oxide suggests that the neutral trap and the trap that cause the SILC were generated by the same mechanism. Meanwhile, the deviation from the linearity suggests the change in conduction mechanism of SILC, that is, single to multiple trap-assisted-tunneling.","PeriodicalId":6387,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 38th Annual (Cat. No.00CH37059)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90393324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Esmark, C. Furbock, H. Gossner, G. Groos, M. Litzenberger, D. Pogany, R. Zelsacher, M. Stecher, E. Gornik
{"title":"Simulation and experimental study of temperature distribution during ESD stress in smart-power technology ESD protection structures","authors":"K. Esmark, C. Furbock, H. Gossner, G. Groos, M. Litzenberger, D. Pogany, R. Zelsacher, M. Stecher, E. Gornik","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.2000.843931","url":null,"abstract":"Electro-thermal simulation and a laser-interferometric thermal mapping technique are employed to study temperature distribution and dynamics in smart power technology electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection npn transistor devices during a high current stress. The simulation predicts two temperature peaks along the device length which are due to a vertical and lateral current pathway in the studied devices. The temperature distribution in the device is studied via the measurements of the temperature-induced optical phase shift from the device backside. The position of the temperature peaks, their temporal evolution and stress level dependence obtained by experiment and simulation are in good agreement.","PeriodicalId":6387,"journal":{"name":"2000 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 38th Annual (Cat. No.00CH37059)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78212853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}