Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of a novel bifunctional enzyme from buffalo rumen metagenome and its effect on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial community composition","authors":"Zhenxiang Meng ,&nbsp;Jing Ma ,&nbsp;Zhanying Sun ,&nbsp;Chengjian Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Leng ,&nbsp;Weiyun Zhu ,&nbsp;Yanfen Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To efficiently use lignocellulosic materials in ruminants, it is crucial to explore effective enzymes, especially bifunctional enzymes. In this study, a novel stable bifunctional cellulase-xylanase protein from buffalo rumen metagenome was expressed and characterized, CelXyn2. The enzyme displayed optimal activity at pH 6.0 and 45 °C. The residual endoglucanase and xylanase activities were 90.6% and 86.4% after a 60-min pre-incubation at 55 °C. Hydrolysis of rice straw, wheat straw, sheepgrass and sugar beet pulp by CelXyn2 showed its ability to degrade both cellulose and hemicellulose polymers. Treatment with CelXyn2 improved the hydrolysis of agricultural residues with an evident increase in production of total gas, lactate and volatile fatty acids. The results of 16S rRNA and real-time PCR showed that the effect on in vitro ruminal microbial community depended on fermentation substrates. This study demonstrated that CelXyn2 could strengthen lignocellulose hydrolysis and in vitro ruminal fermentation. These characteristics of CelXyn2 distinguish it as a promising candidate for agricultural application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 137-149"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/95/ea/main.PMC10130076.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9761979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis reveal threonine deficiency increases hepatic lipid deposition in Pekin ducks via reducing STAT phosphorylation","authors":"Yong Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhong Zhuang ,&nbsp;Wenqia Jia ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Wen ,&nbsp;Ming Xie ,&nbsp;Hao Bai ,&nbsp;Yulin Bi ,&nbsp;Zhixiu Wang ,&nbsp;Guobin Chang ,&nbsp;Shuisheng Hou ,&nbsp;Guohong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dietary threonine (Thr) deficiency enhances triglyceride (TG) deposition in the liver of Pekin ducks, which injures hepatic function and impairs growth performance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dietary Thr deficiency on the expressions of proteins and phosphoproteins in liver of Pekin ducks, to identify the underlying molecular changes. A total of 300 one-day-old ducklings were divided into 3 groups with 10 replicates of 10 birds. All ducks were fed corn-wheat-peanut meal diets containing 0.46%, 0.71%, and 0.96% Thr, respectively, from 1 to 21 days of age. Growth performance, serum parameters, hepatic TG content, and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism of Pekin ducks were determined. A Thr deficiency group (Thr-D, 0.46% Thr) and a Thr sufficiency group (Thr-S, 0.71% Thr) were selected for subsequent proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis. The results showed that Thr-D reduced the growth performance (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and increased the plasma concentrations of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hepatic TG (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Thr-D increased gene expression related to fatty acid and TG synthesis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). A total of 176 proteins and 259 phosphosites (containing 198 phosphoproteins) were observed to be differentially expressed as a result of Thr-D. The upregulated proteins were enriched in the pathway related to amino acid metabolism, peroxisome. The downregulated proteins were enriched in linolenic and arachidonic acid metabolism, and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. The upregulated phosphoproteins were enriched in the pathways related to fatty acid biosynthesis, fructose and mannose metabolism, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Thr-D reduced the phosphorylation of STAT1 at S729 and STAT3 at S728, and expression of STAT5B. In contrast, Thr-D increased non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase (TYK2) expression and STAT1 phosphorylation at S649. Taken together, dietary Thr-D increased hepatic TG accumulation by upregulating the expression of genes and proteins, and phosphoproteins related to fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis. Furthermore, these processes might be regulated by the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, especially the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 249-260"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/32/0f/main.PMC10164787.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9823436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative consequences of reduced protein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids for performance, intestinal barrier function, and caecal microbiota composition of broiler chickens","authors":"Reza Barekatain ,&nbsp;Peter V. Chrystal ,&nbsp;Tanya Nowland ,&nbsp;Amy F. Moss ,&nbsp;Gordon S. Howarth ,&nbsp;Thi Thu Hao Van ,&nbsp;Robert J. Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The consequences of feeding broiler chickens with reduced protein (RP) diets for gut health and barrier function are not well understood. This study was performed to elucidate the effect of reducing dietary protein and source of protein on gut health and performance parameters. Four experimental diets included 2 control diets with standard protein levels either containing meat and bone meal (CMBM) or an all-vegetable diet (CVEG), a medium RP diet (17.5% in growers and 16.5% in finisher), and a severe RP diet (15.6% in grower and 14.6% in finisher). Off-sex Ross 308 birds were assigned to each of the 4 diets and performance measurements were taken from d 7 to 42 post-hatch. Each diet was replicated 8 times (10 birds per replicate). A challenge study was conducted on additional 96 broilers (24 birds per diet) from d 13 to 21. Half of the birds in each dietary treatment were challenged by dexamethasone (DEX) to induce a leaky gut. Feeding birds with RP diets decreased weight gain (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and increased feed conversion ratio (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) from d 7 to 42 compared with control diets. There was no difference between CVEG and CMBM control diets for any parameter. The diet containing 15.6% protein increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) intestinal permeability independent of the DEX challenge. Gene expression of claudin-3 was downregulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in birds fed 15.6% protein. There was a significant interaction between diet and DEX (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and both RP diets (17.5% and 15.6%) downregulated claudin-2 expression in DEX-challenged birds. The overall composition of the caecal microbiota was affected in birds fed 15.6% protein having a significantly lower richness of microbiota in both sham and DEX-injected birds. Proteobacteria was the main phylum driving the differences in birds fed 15.6% protein. At the family level, Bifidobacteriaceae, Unclassified Bifidobacteriales, Enterococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Lachnospiraceae were the main taxa in birds fed 15.6% protein. Despite supplementation of synthetic amino acids, severe reduction of dietary protein compromised performance and intestinal health parameters in broilers, evidenced by differential mRNA expression of tight junction proteins, higher permeability, and changes in caecal microbiota composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 216-228"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7b/0b/main.PMC10300400.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9736046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-chromium picolinate and heat stress enhance insulin sensitivity in cross-bred sheep","authors":"Alex T. Hung ,&nbsp;Brian J. Leury ,&nbsp;Matthew A. Sabin ,&nbsp;Fahri Fahri ,&nbsp;Kristy DiGiacomo ,&nbsp;Tu-Fa Lien ,&nbsp;Frank R. Dunshea","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the effects of heat stress (HS) and dietary nano chromium picolinate (nCrPic) on metabolic responses of sheep to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), an intravenous insulin tolerance test (ITT) and an intramuscular adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) challenge in sheep. Thirty-six sheep housed in metabolic cages were randomly allocated within 3 dietary groups (0, 400 and 800 μg/kg supplemental nCrPic) to either thermoneutral (22 °C) or cyclic HS (22 to 40 °C) conditions for 3 wk. Basal plasma glucose tended to be increased during HS (<em>P</em> = 0.052) and decreased by dietary nCrPic (<em>P</em> = 0.013) while plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were decreased (<em>P</em> = 0.010) by HS. Dietary nCrPic reduced the plasma glucose area under the curve (<em>P</em> = 0.012) while there were no significant effects of HS on plasma glucose area under the curve in response to the IVGTT. The plasma insulin response over the first 60 min after the IVGTT was decreased by HS (<em>P</em> = 0.013) and dietary nCrPic (<em>P</em> = 0.022) with the effects being additive. In response to the ITT plasma glucose reached a nadir sooner (<em>P</em> = 0.005) in sheep exposed to HS, although there was no effect on the depth of the nadir. Dietary nCrPic decreased (<em>P</em> = 0.007) the plasma glucose nadir after ITT. Over the duration of the ITT plasma insulin concentrations were lower in sheep exposed to HS (<em>P</em> = 0.013) whereas there was no significant effect of supplemental nCrPic. There was no effect of either HS or nCrPic on cortisol response to ACTH. Dietary nCrPic supplementation decreased (<em>P</em> = 0.013) mitogen-activated protein kinase-8 (<em>JNK</em>) and increased (<em>P</em> = 0.050) carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (<em>CPT1B</em>) mRNA expression in skeletal muscle. Results of this experiment demonstrated that animals under HS and supplemented with nCrPic had greater insulin sensitivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 173-184"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/33/main.PMC10300410.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9741467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipo-nutritional quality of pork: The lipid composition, regulation, and molecular mechanisms of fatty acid deposition","authors":"Wuzhou Yi ,&nbsp;Qixin Huang ,&nbsp;Yizhen Wang ,&nbsp;Tizhong Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pork is one of the main meats consumed by people, and its nutritional value is closely related to human health. The lipid deposition and composition of pork not only affect the sensory quality but also determine the nutritional quality of pork. The lipids in pork include triglycerides (TAG) and a small amount of cholesterol and phospholipids. TAG are the main lipids in skeletal muscle fat, which is divided into intermuscular fat and intramuscular fat (IMF). In addition to TAG, IMF also contains phospholipids, which are important factors affecting pork flavour. There are three types of fatty acids in TAG: saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). PUFA, such as n-3 PUFA, have a beneficial effect on health, including the regulation of whole-body energy metabolism and protection against cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, regulating lipid deposition, especially the fatty acid composition, in pork is important for improving the nutritional quality for human health. Notably, several strategies, such as breeding, environmental control, and the nutritional regulation of lipid composition and deposition in pork, have been studied. More recently, faecal transplantation, molecular design breeding and non-coding RNA have been studied and proven useful for regulating lipid deposition in pigs. In this review, we mainly summarized and discussed the research findings to date on the lipid composition and regulation mechanisms of fatty acid deposition and provide new insights into efficient means of improving the lipid composition and lipo-nutritional quality of pork.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 373-385"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/4e/main.PMC10196340.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9508529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in nutrient digestion and utilization associated with different residual feed intake in Hu sheep","authors":"Hongbo Zeng ,&nbsp;Yuyang Yin ,&nbsp;Lingxi Chen ,&nbsp;Zhuoxin Xu ,&nbsp;Yang Luo ,&nbsp;Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Yang ,&nbsp;Jiakun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improving feed efficiency is crucial to the animal industry. Residual feed intake (RFI) is now regarded as an index of feed efficiency evaluation and is independent of growth characteristics. Our study aims to explore the alterations in growth performance and nutrient digestion in Hu sheep with different RFI phenotypes. Sixty-four male Hu sheep (body weight = 24.39 ± 1.12 kg; postnatal days = 90 ± 7.9) were selected for the study. After an evaluation period of 56 days and power analysis, samples were collected from 14 low RFI (L-RFI group, power = 0.95) and 14 high RFI sheep (H-RFI group, power = 0.95). The L-RFI sheep yielded a lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio and dry matter intake; however, both groups exhibited similar average daily gain (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, organic matter, and crude protein apparent digestibility were higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in L-RFI sheep. N intake and fecal N output (% of N intake) were lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and N retention (% of N intake) was higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in L-RFI sheep, whereas no difference (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) was found in urine N output (% of N intake) between the 2 groups. Furthermore, L-RFI sheep gave lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) serum glucose concentrations and higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) non-esterified fatty acid concentrations. Meanwhile, a lower ruminal acetate molar proportion (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and higher propionate molar proportion (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) were observed in L-RFI sheep. In summary, these results revealed that despite having lower dry matter intake, L-RFI sheep possess higher nutrient digestibility, N retention, ruminal propionate production and serum glucose utilization, in order to meet energy demands. Selection for low RFI sheep could reduce feed costs, which in turn provides economic benefits to the sheep industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 334-341"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/93/04/main.PMC10189385.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9502853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uterine inflammation status modulates eggshell mineralization via calcium transport and matrix protein synthesis in laying hens","authors":"Jia Feng ,&nbsp;Mingyuan Lu ,&nbsp;Lingling Ma ,&nbsp;Haijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Shugeng Wu ,&nbsp;Kai Qiu ,&nbsp;Yuna Min ,&nbsp;Guanghai Qi ,&nbsp;Jing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explored the effects of uterine inflammation on eggshell mineralization, ultrastructure and mechanical properties in laying hens modified by a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge or dietary essential oil (EO) addition. In trial 1, a total of 72 Hy-line Brown layers at 36 wk of age were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (<em>n</em> = 8), where they were intravenously injected with phosphate buffered saline, LPS at 1 mg/kg body weight, or LPS 3 times at 24-h intervals. In trial 2, a total of 288 Hy-line Brown layers at 60 wk of age were randomly divided into 4 groups (<em>n</em> = 8), where they were fed basal diets supplemented with EO at 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 12 wk. A uterine inflammation model was constructed with LPS treatment, indicated by the elevated expression of <em>IL-1β</em> and <em>TNF-α</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and lymphocyte infiltration. Uterine inflammation caused remarkable decreases in eggshell thickness and mechanical properties with structure deteriorations (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Uterine inflammation stimulated the expression of matrix proteins ovotransferrin (<em>TF</em>) and ovalbumin (<em>OVAL</em>), while depressing the mRNA levels of calbindin-1 (<em>CALB1</em>) and osteopontin in uterine mucosa (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, EO addition alleviated uterine inflammation, evidenced by depressed levels of <em>IL-1β</em> and <em>IL-6</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). There was a significant elevation in shell thickness and breaking strength following EO intervention (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and these effects were maximized at addition of 100 mg/kg. Further, EO improved shell ultrastructure including more early fusion, less type B mammillae, and increased effective thickness (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The alleviated inflammation decreased the expression of <em>OVAL</em> and <em>TF</em>, whereas ion transport genes like <em>CALB1</em> and solute carrier family 26 member 9 were upregulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Our findings suggest that inflammatory status can impact uterine functions in calcium transport and the synthesis of matrix proteins especially such as OVAL and TF, which in turn modulates calcium precipitation and ultrastructure formation, thereby determining eggshell mechanical properties. These findings provide a novel insight into the uterine inflammation-mediated modifications of eggshell quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 411-425"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3b/14/main.PMC10300498.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9738901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different protein and lipid levels on the growth performance and intestinal microflora of loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus)","authors":"Zirui Wang ,&nbsp;Shuyao Li ,&nbsp;Qiubai Zhou ,&nbsp;Jinhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Yongan Li ,&nbsp;Youjie Li ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Yuan ,&nbsp;Guanghua Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to examine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance and homeostasis of the intestinal flora in <em>Paramisgurnus dabryanus</em>. An 8-week 3 × 3 two-factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the interaction between dietary crude protein (CP: 30%, 35%, 40%) and ether extract (EE: 6%, 10%, 14%) on the growth rate and the intestinal microflora of <em>P. dabryanus</em>. A total of 2,160 fish (5.19 ± 0.01 g) were randomly allotted to 36 aquariums each with 60 fish. Fish were fed the experimental diet twice daily. Results revealed that weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio and net protein utilization significantly increased when increasing protein levels from 30% to 40% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Both WGR and SGR enhanced first but reduced thereafter with maximum value at 10% lipid level as dietary lipid increased from 6% to 14% (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Significant interactions between protein and lipid were found with feed conversion rate, lipid efficiency ratio and net lipid utilization (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria; at the genus level, <em>Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia</em> was the dominant bacteria. Fish fed the diet containing 10% lipid had a higher abundance of Proteobacteria and <em>unclassified_f_Eenterobacteriaceae</em> than those fed the 14% lipid diet, and a higher abundance of <em>Rhodobacter</em> than those fed the 6% lipid diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Analysis of the predicted functions showed that metabolism in the intestine of fish in the CP40EE10 group was more active than that in CP30EE14 group. Polynomial regression analysis found that a diet containing 40.87% protein and 9.88% lipid can be considered optimal for <em>P. dabryanus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 229-239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of paraprobiotics on bile acid metabolism and liver health in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed a cottonseed protein concentrate-based diet","authors":"Xiaoze Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Liang ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Junjun Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Chang ,&nbsp;Eric Leclercq ,&nbsp;Min Xue ,&nbsp;Jie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cottonseed protein concentrate is a sustainable fishmeal alternative in aquafeed. A 10-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a cottonseed protein concentrate-based diet with and without multi-strain yeast fractions (MsYF) on growth, bile acid metabolism, and health in largemouth bass. Four hundred fish (54.0 ± 0.0 g) were casually distributed into 16 tanks (4 replicates/diet). Fish were fed with 4 iso-nitrogen and iso-energetic diets 3 times daily, including a fishmeal diet (FM), a soy protein concentrate-based diet (SPC; replacing 81% fishmeal protein), a cottonseed protein concentrate-based diet (CPC; replacing 81% fishmeal protein), and a CPC diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg MsYF (CPCY). Results showed that the survival of SPC was the lowest, i.e., 48%, with no apparent diet effect among other treatments; we omitted the SPC in additional analyses. Fish fed cottonseed protein concentrate-based diets showed lower growth than FM (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Fish fed CPC showed the highest nuclear dense hepatic phenotypes ratio (50%), followed by CPCY (33%) and FM (17%). Further, dietary CPC increased hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride levels with concurrently increased cholesterol synthesis but decreased triglyceride synthesis-associated transcription levels (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, dietary CPC increased bile acid synthesis but decreased bile acid transport-associated transcription levels (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and then induced an increment of plasma cholic acid and hepatic chenodeoxycholic acid content and the decrement of genus <em>Romboustia</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Regarding the effect of MsYF, fish fed CPCY reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and total plasma bile acid content (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) compared to CPC, suggesting an improvement in liver health. Also, dietary MsYF could reverse the microbiota community structure showing a similar gut microbial composition to FM. In conclusion, 81% of fishmeal protein replaced by cottonseed protein concentrate suppressed growth and liver health, while dietary MsYF might mitigate the negative impact of a high cottonseed protein concentrate level diet on liver functions via gut microbiota regulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 302-312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50193412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Ca diet leads to increased Ca retention by changing the gut flora and ileal pH value in laying hens","authors":"Sha Jiang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zou ,&nbsp;Miao Mao ,&nbsp;Mi Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Tu ,&nbsp;Meilan Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Osteoporosis is a common degenerative metabolic bone disease in caged laying hens. Intensive egg production mobilizing large amounts of Ca from bone for eggshell formation, consequently leading to Ca deficiency, has been recognized as a critical factor causing osteoporosis in commercial laying hens. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Ca deficiency on the function of the gut microbiota–bone axis and related egg production traits and bone health in laying hens. Twenty-four 48-week-old laying hens were fed a control diet (Control, 3.72%) or a low Ca diet (LC, 2.04%) for 60 d (<em>n</em> = 12). Compared to the Control hens, the LC hens had higher levels of alkaline phosphatase and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) with lower bone strength, eggshell thickness, and eggshell strength (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, the LC hens had higher plasma estradiol concentrations, while having lower concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6. The LC hens also had a lower pH value in the ileum with an increased Ca retention. The principal co-ordinates analysis showed significantly separate cecal microbiota populations between the Control and LC hens. The <em>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Subdoligranulum, Peptococcus,</em> and <em>Eubacterium_hallii_group</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) were higher, while the <em>CHKC1001</em> and <em>Sutterella</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) were lower at the genus level in the LC hens. In addition, <em>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Subdoligranulum</em> and <em>Eubacterium_hallii_group</em> had a negative correlation, while <em>Sutterella</em> was positively correlated with ileal pH values. The transcriptome analysis revealed that the low Ca diet caused 20 and 31 genes to be significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively. The gene expressions of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, solute carrier family 26 member 3 of the anion exchangers, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 of pro-inflammatory factors were lower in the LC birds, which was correlated with the lower ileal pH values. These results suggest that the hens with low Ca diet-induced osteoporosis have an increased intestinal Ca retention with a decreased ileal pH value, correlated with the changes in <em>Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Subdoligranulum,</em> and <em>Eubacterium_hallii_group</em> of beneficial genera. The results provide insights for further understanding and preventing osteoporosis in laying hens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"13 ","pages":"Pages 270-281"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/81/main.PMC10164782.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9823430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}