Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Dietary emodin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury by regulating gut microbiota in piglets","authors":"Wenjuan Xun ,&nbsp;Mengyao Ji ,&nbsp;Zhonghua Ma ,&nbsp;Tanjie Deng ,&nbsp;Wen Yang ,&nbsp;Guanyu Hou ,&nbsp;Liguang Shi ,&nbsp;Ting Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was to determine the effects of dietary emodin (ED) on the intestinal mucosal barrier, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways, and gut microbial flora in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets were chosen and 4 treatments were created by randomly distributing piglets into CON, ED, LPS, and ED_LPS groups. Experiments were done in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and maintained for 21 d. Dietary treatment (a basal diet or 300 mg/kg ED) and immunological challenge (LPS or sterile saline) were 2 major factors. Intraperitoneal injections of LPS or sterilized saline were given to piglets on d 21. Six hours after the LPS challenge, all piglets were euthanized for sample collection and analysis. The results showed that piglets of the ED_LPS group had higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) villus height to crypt depth ratio (VCR), and lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) plasma D-lactate and diamine oxidase (DAO) than the LPS group. Furthermore, ED inhibited (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the decrease of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities and increase of malonaldehyde level (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in jejunal mucosa induced by LPS. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (<em>IL-6, IL-1β,</em> and <em>TNF-α)</em> were significantly reduced (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzyme genes (<em>GPX-1</em>, <em>SOD2</em> and <em>CAT</em>), as well as protein and mRNA levels of tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1, and <em>ZO-1</em>), were also significantly increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) by ED addition in LPS-induced piglets. Meanwhile, ED supplementation significantly decreased the LPS-induced protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and IκBα in jejunal mucosa. Emodin had a significant effect on the composition of gut microbial flora at various taxonomic positions as indicated by 16S RNA sequencing. The acetic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid concentrations in the cecum were also increased by ED addition in pigs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that some intestinal microbiota had a potential relationship with jejunal VCR, plasma D-lactate and DAO, jejunal mucosa GSH-Px and CAT activity, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration. These data suggest that ED is effective in alleviating LPS-induced intestinal mucosal barrier injury by modulating gut microbiota in piglets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 152-162"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a0/07/main.PMC10344667.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of dietary fiber on intestinal microorganisms and its effects on animal health","authors":"Xuebing Han,&nbsp;Yong Ma,&nbsp;Sujuan Ding,&nbsp;Jun Fang,&nbsp;Gang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The animal gut harbors diverse microbes that play an essential role in the well-being of their host. Specific diets, such as those rich in dietary fiber, are vital in disease prevention and treatment because they affect intestinal flora and have a positive impact on the metabolism, immunity, and intestinal function of the host. Dietary fiber can provide energy to colonic epithelial cells, regulate the structure and metabolism of intestinal flora, promote the production of intestinal mucosa, stimulate intestinal motility, improve glycemic and lipid responses, and regulate the digestion and absorption of nutrients, which is mainly attributed to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which is the metabolite of dietary fiber. By binding with G protein-coupled receptors (including GPR41, GPR43 and GPR109A) and inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylases, SCFA regulate appetite and glucolipid metabolism, promote the function of the intestinal barrier, alleviate oxidative stress, suppress inflammation, and maintain immune system homeostasis. This paper reviews the physicochemical properties of dietary fiber, the interaction between dietary fiber and intestinal microorganisms, the role of dietary fiber in maintaining intestinal health, and the function of SCFA, the metabolite of dietary fiber, in inhibiting inflammation. Furthermore, we consider the effects of dietary fiber on the intestinal health of pigs, the reproduction and lactation performance of sows, and the growth performance and meat quality of pigs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 356-369"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/8f/main.PMC10448034.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10481850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in selenium supplementation: From selenium-enriched yeast to potential selenium-enriched insects, and selenium nanoparticles","authors":"Luca Ferrari ,&nbsp;Donata M.I.R. Cattaneo ,&nbsp;Rossella Abbate ,&nbsp;Michele Manoni ,&nbsp;Matteo Ottoboni ,&nbsp;Alice Luciano ,&nbsp;Christoph von Holst ,&nbsp;Luciano Pinotti","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that plays an important role in animal and human development and physiological homoeostasis. This review surveys the role of Se in the environment, plants and animal bodies, and discusses data on Se biofortification with different sources of supplementation, from inorganic to organic forms, with special focus on Se-enriched yeast (Se-yeast). Although Se-yeast remains one of the main sources of organic Se, other emerging and innovative sources are reviewed, such as Se-enriched insects and Se-nanoparticles and their potential use in animal nutrition. Se-enriched insects are discussed as an option for supplying Se in organic form to livestock diets. Se-nanoparticles are also discussed, as they represent a more biocompatible and less toxic source of inorganic Se for animal organisms, compared to selenite and selenate. We also provide up to date information on the legal framework in the EU, USA, and Canada of Se that is contained in feed additives. From the scientific evidence available in the literature, it can be concluded that among the inorganic forms, sodium selenite is still one of the main options, whereas Se-yeast remains the primary organic form. However, other potential sources such as Se-enriched insects and Se-nanoparticles are being investigated as they could potentially combine a high bioavailability and reduced Se emissions in the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 193-203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9864404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics reveals the mechanisms underlying Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P8-mediated attenuation of oxidative stress in broilers challenged with dexamethasone","authors":"Jinshan Zhao ,&nbsp;Fan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuemin Li,&nbsp;Junmeng Yuan,&nbsp;Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Huawei Liu,&nbsp;Yang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oxidative stress is a common phenomenon in poultry production. Several molecules, including antioxidant genes, miRNAs, and gut microbiota metabolites, have been reported to participate in redox regulation. <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> P8 (P8) was shown to improve the antioxidant capacity of chickens, but the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, 400 broilers were allocated to 4 treatment groups: control diet (Con group), control diet + dexamethasone injection (DEX group), control diet containing 1 × 10⁸ CFU/g P8 (P8 group), and control diet containing 1 × 10⁸ CFU/g P8 + DEX injection (DEX_P8 group). Integrated analysis of the microbiome, metabolomics, and miRNAomics was conducted to investigate the roles of P8 in oxidative stress in broilers. Results demonstrated that P8 supplementation significantly improved growth performance, jejunal morphology, and antioxidant function in DEX-treated broilers. Analysis of the gut microbiota revealed a higher abundance of <em>Barnesiella</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.01) and <em>Erysipelatoclostridium</em> (<em>P</em> = 0.05) in the DEX_P8 group than in the DEX group. Functional prediction indicated that certain pathways, including the phenylacetate degradation pathway, were enriched in the DEX_P8 group compared to the DEX group. Metabolites in the cecal contents were distinct between the groups. P8 supplementation increased the content of metabolites with antioxidant capacity, e.g., urobilinogen (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and decreased that of metabolites related to oxidative stress, e.g., genistein (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Functional prediction indicated that metabolites that differed between the DEX_P8 and DEX groups were enriched in pathways including “tryptophan metabolism” and “primary bile acid biosynthesis”. The miRNAomics analysis further showed that, compared to the DEX group, several miRNAs in the jejunum, such as gga-miR-21-3p (<em>P</em> = 0.03), were increased, whereas gga-miR-455-3p (<em>P</em> = 0.02) was decreased in the DEX_P8 group. The PI3K-Akt, Ras, and Rap1 signaling pathways were enriched in the DEX_P8 group compared to the DEX group through KEGG analysis. Correlation analysis revealed potential interactions between growth performance, oxidation/antioxidation, jejunal morphology, gut microbiota, cecal content metabolites, and jejunal miRNAs. Overall, our results indicate that P8 supplementation may improve the growth performance, jejunal morphology and antioxidant capacity of DEX-treated broilers by regulating gut microbiota, its metabolites, and intestinal miRNAs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 281-302"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of dynamic effects of dietary medium-chain monoglycerides on performance, intestinal development and gut microbiota of broilers in large-scale production","authors":"Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Shengyue Ruan ,&nbsp;Qiufen Mo ,&nbsp;Minjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Zhangying Ye ,&nbsp;Li Chen ,&nbsp;Fengqin Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Medium-chain monoglycerides (MG) have been reported to affect the productive performance, gut microbiota and health of broiler chickens reared in ideal experimental conditions at home and abroad. However, the effects of MG on performance, intestinal development and gut microbiota of chickens in large-scale farms during different feed stages remain unknown. The present study was conducted on a modern farm with a total of 12,000 yellow feathered broiler chicks that were randomly allotted to 2 groups (1000 chicks/replicate, 6 replicates/group) for a 70-day trial. The control group (CON group) received a basal diet, and the treated group (MG group) was fed a basal diet containing 300 mg/kg mixed MG. The results revealed that dietary MG significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) increased the body weight and average feed intake, but notably reduced the feed conversion and mortality of chickens in large-scale production during the starter phase. The villus height of the duodenum in the MG group at 1, 2 and 7 wk of age increased notably, and the villus height to crypt depth ratio at 1, 2, 5 and 10 wk of age was improved. Dietary MG decreased the serum insulin content of chickens at 5, 7 and 10 wk of age, and decreased the serum lipopolysaccharide at 3 and 7 wk of age. The triglyceride level of chickens at 3, 5 and 10 wk of age and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of chickens at 7 and 10 wk of age in the MG group decreased notably, while the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly. Moreover, MG supplementation selectively increased the relative abundance of genus <em>Bacteroides</em> (family Bacteroidaceae) and <em>Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group</em>, but decreased the content of genus <em>Rikenellaceae</em>_<em>RC9</em>_<em>gut</em>_<em>group</em>, <em>Collinsella</em> and family Barnesiellaceae in the cecum of chickens at 3, 7 and 10 wk of age. Conclusively, these findings showed that dietary MG notably enhanced chicken performance, health and feed nutrient utilization at early ages by regulating gut microbiota, intestinal development and serum biochemical indices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 269-280"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/0f/main.PMC10432913.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as a potential substitute for soybean meal on growth performance and flesh quality of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus","authors":"Zechao Hu ,&nbsp;Handong Li ,&nbsp;Sha Liu,&nbsp;Rongrong Xue,&nbsp;Jian Sun,&nbsp;Hong Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as a replacement for soybean meal (SM) on growth performance and flesh quality of grass carp. A total of 420 grass carp (299.93 ± 0.85 g) were randomly divided into 7 groups (triplicate) and fed 7 diets with SM substitution of 0% (SM, control), 15% (BSFLM15), 30% (BSFLM30), 45% (BSFLM45), 60% (BSFLM60), 75% (BSFLM75) and 100% (BSFLM100) by BSFLM. The growth performance of grass carp in the BSFLM75 and BSFLM100 groups were significantly lower compared to other groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The mid-gut villus height was the lowest in the BSFLM100 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Muscle nutritional value was improved due to increased DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), total HUFA (highly unsaturated fatty acids) and glycine levels, and reached the optimum in the BSFLM100 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). According to the results of principal component analysis and weight analysis of muscle texture and body color, all the BSFLM diets except BSFLM15 could improve muscle texture and body color and reached the optimum level in the BSFLM100 group. Muscle drip loss and hypoxanthine content were the lowest and muscle antioxidant capacity was the highest in the BSFLM75 group, and water- and salt-soluble protein contents reached the optimum level in the BSFLM60 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Dietary BSFLM significantly reduced muscle fiber area and diameter, and increased muscle fiber density and the proportion of small fiber (diameter &lt;20 μm) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, sarcomere lengths in the BSFLM75 and BSFLM100 groups were significantly higher than that in the SM group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The mRNA relative expression levels of <em>MyoD</em>, <em>Myf5</em>, <em>MyHC</em> and <em>FGF6b</em> were remarkably up-regulated at an appropriate dietary BSFLM level (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, BSFLM could replace up to 60% SM without an adverse effect on growth performance and improve the flesh quality of grass carp. The optimum levels of dietary BSFLM were 71.0 and 69.1 g/kg diet based on the final body weight and feed conversion ratio. The flesh quality was optimal when dietary SM was completely replaced with BSFLM (227 g/kg diet).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 425-449"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquafeed fermentation improves dietary nutritional quality and benefits feeding behavior, meat flavor, and intestinal microbiota of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)","authors":"Weibo Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Jia,&nbsp;Ningjun Xie,&nbsp;Chuang Wen,&nbsp;Shuo Ma,&nbsp;Guangzhen Jiang,&nbsp;Xiangfei Li,&nbsp;Cheng Chi,&nbsp;Dingdong Zhang,&nbsp;Wenbin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Normally, proper fermentation can be an efficient and widely used method to improve feed quality in animal rearing; however, the studies on crustaceans, especially <em>Eriocheir sinensis</em>, remain limited. This study aimed to investigate whether feed fermentation could meliorate dietary nutritional value and benefit <em>E. sinensis</em> rearing. First, non-fermented feed (NFD) and fermented feed (FD) were produced and assessed, respectively. Then, the “Y” maze feed choice behavior test (180 times; 30 times, 6 rounds) was conducted to assess the attractiveness of these 2 feeds for crabs. Finally, a total of 80 crabs (44.10 ± 0.80 g) were randomly assigned into 2 groups with 4 replicates, and fed the experimental diets for 8 weeks to evaluate the effects of each feed on growth, antioxidant capacity, meat flavor, and intestinal microbiota. In this study, FD showed higher levels of crude protein (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), soluble protein (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), amino acids (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), lactic acid (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and lower levels of crude fiber (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and antinutritional factors (agglutinin, trypsin inhibitor, glycinin, and β-conglycinin) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) than NFD. Additionally, FD was more attractive to crabs than NFD (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and it stimulated the appetite of crabs more than NFD (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The growth performance, feed efficiency, and digestive enzyme activity of FD-fed crabs were significantly higher than those of NFD-fed crabs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The electronic sensory measurements and free amino acid profiles revealed that the FD diet had positive impacts on the meat flavor of crabs, particularly in “sweet” and “umami” tastes. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of FD-fed crabs was significantly higher than that of NFD-fed crabs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Fermented feed also affected the diversity and composition of intestinal microflora. The functional prediction of microbial communities showed that crabs fed FD had a better microecological environment in the intestine. In conclusion, the fermentation of aquafeed could be an effective approach to enhance feed quality and therefore benefit <em>E. sinensis</em> rearing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of L-arginine, guanidinoacetic acid and L-citrulline supplementation in reduced-protein diets on bone morphology and mineralization of laying hens","authors":"Hiep Thi Dao ,&nbsp;Amy F. Moss ,&nbsp;Emma J. Bradbury ,&nbsp;Robert A. Swick","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The alterations in feed ingredients and the nutrient matrix to produce reduced-protein diets may affect bone morphology and mineralization in laying hens. This study was implemented to determine the effects of L-arginine (Arg), guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), and L-citrulline (Cit) supplementation to Arg-deficient reduced-protein diets on bone morphology, strength, and mineralization status of laying hens. Individually housed Hy-Line Brown laying hens were evenly distributed to five dietary treatments with 25 replicates per treatment from 20 to 40 wk of age. Treatments consisted of a standard protein diet (17% crude protein, SP), a reduced-protein diet deficient in Arg (13% crude protein, RP), and RP supplemented with Arg (0.35% Arg, RP-Arg), GAA (0.46% GAA equivalent to 0.35% Arg, RP-GAA), or Cit (0.35% Cit equivalent to 0.35% Arg, RP-Cit) to reach the Arg level of SP diets. Birds fed the SP diet had similar bone weight, ash, length, width, Seedor index, breaking strength, and serum mineral concentration, but higher toe B level (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) compared to those fed the RP diet at wk 40. Birds fed the SP diet consumed more but also excreted more K and B compared to those fed the RP diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Birds fed the SP diet had lower Cu digestibility (<em>P</em> = 0.01) and higher B retention (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) compared to those offered the RP diet. Supplementation of Arg, GAA, and Cit to the RP diet increased relative femur weight and length (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Citrulline supplementation also increased relative tibia and femur ash, and Zn digestibility (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Supplementation of GAA to the RP diet decreased serum Ca, P, and Mg levels, decreased tibia Fe and Mg levels and toe Mg level, but increased Al, Fe, Zn, and Mn digestibility (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The current findings demonstrated the capacity of laying hens to adapt to low mineral intake by increasing mineral utilization. Overall, bone morphology and breaking strength, and serum mineral level in laying hens were not influenced by dietary CP levels. Dietary Arg, GAA, or Cit supplementation were effective in improving bone morphology and mineralization in laying hens fed Arg-deficient RP diets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 225-234"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10362165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9855569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional regulation of skeletal muscle energy metabolism, lipid accumulation and meat quality in pigs","authors":"Enfa Yan,&nbsp;Jianxin Guo,&nbsp;Jingdong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The quality of pork determines consumers' purchase intention, which directly affects the economic value of pork. Minimizing the proportion of inferior pork and producing high quality pork are the ultimate goals of the pig industry. Muscle energy metabolism, serving as a regulative hub in organism energy expenditure and storage as a fat deposit, is compatible with myofiber type composition, affecting meat color, intramuscular fat content, tenderness, pH values and drip loss. Increasing data illustrate that dietary nutrients and bioactive ingredients affect muscle energy metabolism, white adipose browning and fat distribution, and myofiber type composition in humans, and rodents. Recently, some studies have shown that modulating muscle energy metabolism and lipid accumulation through nutritional approaches could effectively improve meat quality. This article reviews the progress and development in this field, and specifically discusses the impacts of dietary supply of amino acids, lipids, and gut microbiota as well as maternal nutrition on skeletal muscle energy metabolism, lipid accumulation and meat quality of pigs, so as to provide comprehensive overview with respect to effective avenues for improving meat quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 185-192"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/00/main.PMC10556049.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41162451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L47 and inulin alleviate enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli induced ileal inflammation in piglets by upregulating the levels of α-linolenic acid and 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid","authors":"Leihong Cui,&nbsp;Hui Zeng,&nbsp;Meixin Hou,&nbsp;Zhongxin Li,&nbsp;Chunlong Mu,&nbsp;Weiyun Zhu,&nbsp;Suqin Hang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alternatives to antibiotics for preventing bacteria-induced inflammation in early-weaned farm animals are sorely needed. Our previous study showed that <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> L47 and inulin could alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. To explore the protective effects of <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin on the ileal inflammatory response in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> (ETEC), 28 weaned piglets were assigned into four groups, namely, CON group—orally given 10 mL/d phosphate buffer saline (PBS), LI47 group—orally given a mixture of 10 mL/d <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin, ECON group—orally given 10 mL/d PBS and challenged by ETEC, and ELI47 group—orally given 10 mL/d <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin mixture and challenged by ETEC. The results demonstrated that the combination of <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin reduced inflammatory responses and relieved the inflammatory damage caused by ETEC, including ileal morphological damage, reduced protein expression of ileal tight junction, decreased antioxidant capacity, and decreased anti-inflammatory factors. Transcriptome analysis revealed that <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin up-regulated the gene expression of phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) as well as affected alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism. Moreover, <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin increased the levels of ALA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-EpOME) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) (<em>P</em> = 0.05) in the ileal mucosa. In conclusion, <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin together alleviated ETEC-induced ileal inflammation in piglets by up-regulating the levels of ALA and 12,13-EpOME via the LTA/TLR2/PLA2G2A pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 370-382"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}