Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Supplementing oat hulls to the diet of suckling piglets altered their intestinal tract and colonic microbiota development","authors":"Hubèrt M.J. van Hees ,&nbsp;Koen Chiers ,&nbsp;Leo A. den Hartog ,&nbsp;Theo A.T.G. van Kempen ,&nbsp;Dominiek Maes ,&nbsp;Sam Millet ,&nbsp;Geert P.J. Janssens","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current study evaluated the effect of a fine and coarsely ground insoluble dietary fibre source on the gastrointestinal development of suckling pigs. Oat hulls (OH) were selected as a model feedstuff, rich in cellulose, lignin, and insoluble dietary fibre. Three experimental supplemental diets were formulated: a finely ground, low fibre and nutrient dense diet served as control (CON). For the 2 high fibre diets, 15% heat-treated starch in CON was exchanged with OH, either finely (OH-f) or coarsely ground (OH-c). Litters of 10 primi- and multiparous sows (mean litter size 14.6 ± 0.84) were used. Within a litter, experimental diets were allotted to triplets of 4 piglets. From approximately 12 d of age, piglets’ individual feed intakes were recorded 2 times per day when separated from their dam for 70 min. Piglets could suckle with their dam for the remainder of the day. On d 24 and 25, from the total pool of 120 piglets, seven healthy well-eating piglets per treatment were selected for post-mortem evaluation, resulting in 14 replicates per treatment. Consumption of OH-c and OH-f did not impede clinical health and production performance of piglets. The full stomach weights tended to be greater for OH-c compared to OH-f whereas CON was intermediate (<em>P</em> = 0.083). Supplementing OH significantly increased ileal villus height and caecal dry matter concentration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). For the colon, OH increased its length, contents weight, short-chain fatty acid concentration and reduced total bacterial count as well as γ-proteobacteria count and proportion (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The OH-c treatment specifically increased full gastrointestinal tract weight and caecum contents weight compared to piglets fed CON and OH-f. Furthermore, OH-c reduced colonic crypt depth when compared to OH-f (<em>P</em> = 0.018). In conclusion, supplementing OH to a diet for suckling piglets exerted subtle developmental effects on gastrointestinal morphology and colonic microbial community. These effects were largely independent from the particle size of the OH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 284-296"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10065989/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9616886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restricted feeding regimens improve white striping associated muscular defects in broiler chickens","authors":"Hammed Ayansola ,&nbsp;Yanhui Luo ,&nbsp;Yan Wan,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Yu,&nbsp;Jiaqi Lei,&nbsp;Kewei Yu,&nbsp;Chaoyong Liao,&nbsp;Yuming Guo,&nbsp;Bingkun Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current study investigated the effects of intermittent feeding (IF) and fasting strategies at different times post–hatch on muscle growth and white striping (WS) breast development. In the first trial, 32 one-day-old Abor Acre broilers were fed ad libitum (AL) for 3 d post–hatch and then randomly allotted into 4 feeding strategies including AL, 1h-IF group (1 h IF, 4 times feeding/d, 1 h each time), 1.5h-IF (1.5 h IF, 4 times feeding/d, 1.5 h each time), and fasting (1d acute fasting, 6 d free access to feed) groups and fed for 7 d. Although angiogenic genes including <em>VEGFA</em>, <em>VEGFR1</em>, and <em>VEGFR2</em>, and myogenic genes including <em>MYOG</em> and <em>MYOD</em> were upregulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), the breast muscle satellite cell (SC) number and <em>PAX7</em>, <em>MYF5</em> expression were decreased by the IF strategies (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). One-day fasting at 6 d of age also upregulated angiogenic genes and <em>MYOD</em> expression (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), downregulated <em>MYF5</em> expression (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but did not change SC number (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). In the second trial, 384 one-day-old birds were fed AL for 1 wk and then randomly allotted to the above 4 feeding strategies starting at 8 d of age until 42 d of age. Similarly, IF and fasting strategies upregulated the expression of angiogenic and myogenic genes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Both 1h-IF and 1.5h-IF increased breast muscle SC number (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). At slaughter, breast muscle fiber diameter of 1.5h-IF was smaller but the SC number was larger than that of the birds fed AL (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The IF and fasting strategies prevented WS development, and reduced breast WS scores and triglyceride content (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) without changing the body weight (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Fasting and 1h-IF reduced the expression of adipogenic genes <em>ZNF423</em> and <em>PDGFRα</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, IF and fasting strategies reduced fibrosis in breast muscle and reduced skeletal muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases (TRIM63 and MAFBX) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Fasting significantly reduced CASPASE-3 in breast muscle (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, IF starting in the first week decreases SC number. Compared to AL, IF or fasting promotes muscular angiogenesis, increases SC number, prevents muscle degeneration, and prevents the development of WS without impairing the growth performance of broiler chickens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 128-137"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/fa/main.PMC9841233.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10585390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of riboflavin deficiency on intestinal morphology, jejunum mucosa proteomics, and cecal microbiota of Pekin ducks","authors":"Yaxi Xu ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Zhao,&nbsp;Kexin Gao,&nbsp;Suyun Liang,&nbsp;Yongbao Wu,&nbsp;Yongsheng Hao,&nbsp;Dapeng Liu,&nbsp;Zhanbao Guo,&nbsp;Jian Hu,&nbsp;Zhengkui Zhou,&nbsp;Ming Xie,&nbsp;Jing Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was to determine the effects of riboflavin deficiency (RD) on intestinal development, jejunum mucosa proteome, cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiling, and cecal microbial diversity and community of starter Pekin ducks. Male white Pekin ducks (1 d old, <em>n =</em> 240) were allocated into 2 groups, with 12 replicates and 10 birds per replicate in each group. For 21 d, all ducks had ad libitum access to either an RD or a riboflavin adequate (control, CON) diet, formulated by supplementing a basal diet with 0 or 10 mg riboflavin per kg of diet, respectively. Compared to the CON group, growth retardation, high mortality, and poor riboflavin status were observed in the RD group. Furthermore, RD reduced the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of jejunum and ileum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), indicating morphological alterations of the small intestine. In addition, dietary RD enhanced relative cecum weight and decreased cecal SCFA concentrations (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), including propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, and isovalerate. The jejunum mucosa proteomics showed that 208 proteins were upregulated and 229 proteins were downregulated in the RD group compared to those in the CON group. Among these, RD mainly suppressed intestinal absorption and energy generation processes such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, fatty acid beta oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, leading to impaired ATP generation. In addition, RD decreased the community richness and diversity of the bacterial community in the cecum of ducks. Specifically, RD reduced the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the cecum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), such as <em>Eubacterium coprostanoligenes</em>, <em>Prevotella</em> and <em>Faecalibacterium</em>. Dietary RD resulted in growth depression and intestinal hypofunction of Pekin ducks, which could be associated with impaired intestinal absorption and energy generation processes in intestinal mucosa, as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of intestinal hypofunction due to RD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 215-226"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ff/94/main.PMC9860382.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10639681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose supplementation improves intestinal amino acid transport and muscle amino acid pool in pigs during chronic cold exposure","authors":"Teng Teng,&nbsp;Xin Song,&nbsp;Guodong Sun,&nbsp;Hongwei Ding,&nbsp;Haoyang Sun,&nbsp;Guangdong Bai,&nbsp;Baoming Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mammals in northern regions chronically suffer from low temperatures during autumn-winter seasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of intestinal amino acid transport and the amino acid pool in muscle to chronic cold exposure via Min pig models (cold adaptation) and Yorkshire pig models (non-cold adaptation). Furthermore, this study explored the beneficial effects of glucose supplementation on small intestinal amino acid transport and amino acid pool in muscle of cold-exposed Yorkshire pigs. Min pigs (Exp. 1) and Yorkshire pigs (Exp. 2) were divided into a control group (17 °C, <em>n</em> = 6) and chronic cold exposure group (7 °C, <em>n</em> = 6), respectively. Twelve Yorkshire pigs (Exp. 3) were divided into a cold control group and cold glucose supplementation group (8 °C). The results showed that chronic cold exposure inhibited peptide transporter protein 1 (PepT1) and excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) expression in ileal mucosa and cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1) in the jejunal mucosa of Yorkshire pigs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, CAT-1, PepT1 and EAAT3 expression was enhanced in the duodenal mucosa of Min pigs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Branched amino acids (BCAA) in the muscle of Yorkshire pigs were consumed by chronic cold exposure, accompanied by increased muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (atrogin-1) expression (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). More importantly, reduced concentrations of dystrophin were detected in the muscle of Yorkshire pigs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, glycine concentration in the muscle of Min pigs was raised (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In the absence of interaction between chronic cold exposure and glucose supplementation, glucose supplementation improved CAT-1 expression in the jejunal mucosa and PepT1 expression in the ileal mucosa of cold-exposed Yorkshire pigs (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). It also improved BCAA and inhibited MuRF1 and atrogin-1 expression in muscle (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, dystrophin concentration was improved by glucose supplementation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In summary, chronic cold exposure inhibits amino acid absorption in the small intestine, depletes BCAA and promotes protein degradation in muscle. Glucose supplementation ameliorates the negative effects of chronic cold exposure on amino acid transport and the amino acid pool in muscle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 360-374"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/be/d3/main.PMC9898627.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10793526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented mixed feed alters growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and muscle fatty acid and amino acid profiles in finishing pigs","authors":"Shiqi Liu ,&nbsp;Man Du ,&nbsp;Yuang Tu ,&nbsp;Wenjing You ,&nbsp;Wentao Chen ,&nbsp;Guoliang Liu ,&nbsp;Junyue Li ,&nbsp;Yizhen Wang ,&nbsp;Zeqing Lu ,&nbsp;Tenghao Wang ,&nbsp;Tizhong Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented mixed feed (FMF) on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, muscle amino acid and fatty acid composition and mRNA expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. In the present study, 144 finishing pigs (Duroc × Berkshire × Jiaxing Black) were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments with 4 replicate pens per group and 12 pigs per pen. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (CON), a basal diet + 5% FMF and a basal diet + 10% FMF. The experiment lasted 38 d after 4 d of acclimation. The results showed that 5% and 10% FMF significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) of the females but not the males (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but FMF supplementation showed no impact on carcass traits. Moreover, 10% FMF supplementation increased the meat color_45 min and meat color_24 h values, while it decreased the shear force relative to CON (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, 10% FMF significantly increased the contents of flavor amino acids (FAA), total essential AA (EAA), total non-EAA (NEAA) and total AA relative to CON (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the diet supplemented with 10% FMF significantly increased the concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 PUFA and total PUFA, and the PUFA to saturated fatty acids ratio (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), suggesting that FMF supplementation increased meat quality. Moreover, compared with the CON, 10% FMF supplementation increased the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes, including <em>CEBPα</em>, <em>PPARγ</em>, <em>SREBP1</em> and <em>FABP4</em>, and upregulated the expression of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis (<em>ACAA1</em> and <em>FADS2</em>). Together, our results suggest that 10% FMF dietary supplementation improved the female pigs’ growth performance, improved the meat quality and altered the profiles of muscle fatty acids and amino acids in finishing pigs. This study provides a reference for the production of high-quality pork.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/06/main.PMC9822949.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9072699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of β-alanine on intestinal development and immune performance of weaned piglets","authors":"Linlin Chen ,&nbsp;Yan Zhong ,&nbsp;Xiangqin Ouyang ,&nbsp;Chunfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Lanmei Yin ,&nbsp;Jing Huang ,&nbsp;Yali Li ,&nbsp;Qiye Wang ,&nbsp;Junyan Xie ,&nbsp;Pengfei Huang ,&nbsp;Huansheng Yang ,&nbsp;Yulong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Beta-alanine is an important amino acid involved in several metabolic reactions in the body. The study aimed to investigate the effect of β-alanine supplementation on intestinal development and the immune performance of weaned piglets. Thirty-two 21-day-old healthy weaned piglets (half female and half male; Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an initial body weight of 8.11 ± 0.21 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates of 1 pig each. The control group was fed a basal diet and the three experimental treatment groups were fed diets supplemented with 300, 600 and 1,200 mg/kg β-alanine, respectively. The trial lasted 28 days and the diets fed were divided into 2 phases: the late lactation period (day 1 to 14) and the nursery period (day 15 to 28), during which the weaned piglets had free access to food and water. The regulatory effects of β-alanine were further investigated in vitro using organoids obtained from the jejunum of piglets. In vivo, the addition of β-alanine to the diet had no significant effect on the growth performance of weaned piglets (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), but significantly reduced serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), immunoglobulin M (IgM) (<em>P</em> = 0.005), and complement 3 (C3) (<em>P</em> = 0.017). The serum interleukin- 6 (IL-6) levels (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) were significantly reduced in the 1,200 mg/kg treatment group. The addition of β-alanine increased ileal villus height, with the most significant effect at a concentration of 300 mg/kg (<em>P</em> = 0.041). The addition of 600 mg/kg β-alanine significantly up-regulated the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (<em>P</em> = 0.020) and the zonula occludens-1 (<em>ZO-1</em>) gene (<em>P</em> = 0.049) in the jejunum. Diets supplemented with 300 mg/kg β-alanine significantly increased the number of Ki67 positive cells in the jejunal crypts (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In vitro, β-alanine increased the organoid budding rates (<em>P</em> = 0.001) and the budding height of the crypt significantly (<em>P</em> = 0.004). In conclusion, β-alanine can improve intestinal morphology and barrier function, reduce inflammatory responses and alleviate the adverse effects of weaning stress on piglet intestinal health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 398-408"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/21/03/main.PMC9918425.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10793532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-derived polyphenols in sow nutrition: An update","authors":"Jun Chen ,&nbsp;Zhouyin Huang ,&nbsp;Xuehai Cao ,&nbsp;Tiande Zou ,&nbsp;Jinming You ,&nbsp;Wutai Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oxidative stress is a potentially critical factor that affects productive performance in gestating and lactating sows. Polyphenols are a large class of plant secondary metabolites that possess robust antioxidant capacity. All polyphenols are structurally characterized by aromatic rings with multiple hydrogen hydroxyl groups; those make polyphenols perfect hydrogen atoms and electron donors to neutralize free radicals and other reactive oxygen species. In the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to polyphenols as functional feed additives for sows. Polyphenols have been found to alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in sows, boost their reproductivity, and promote offspring growth and development. In this review, we provided a systematical summary of the latest research advances in plant-derived polyphenols in sow nutrition, and mainly focused on the effects of polyphenols on the (1) antioxidant and immune functions of sows, (2) placental functions and the growth and development of fetal piglets, (3) mammary gland functions and the growth and development of suckling piglets, and (4) the long-term growth and development of progeny pigs. The output of this review provides an important foundation, from more than 8,000 identified plant phenols, to screen potential polyphenols (or polyphenol-enriched plants) as functional feed additives suitable for gestating and lactating sows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 96-107"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b1/14/main.PMC9823128.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9088744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-course effects of different fiber-rich ingredients on energy values, microbiota composition and SCFA profile in growing pigs","authors":"Qingtao Gao ,&nbsp;Zhengqun Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Li ,&nbsp;Guosong Bai ,&nbsp;Lei Liu ,&nbsp;Ruqing Zhong ,&nbsp;Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Hongfu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was to investigate time-course effects of different types of dietary fiber on the energy values, fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration in growing pigs. A total of 24 barrows (initial body weight, 19.8 ± 0.5 kg) were assigned to 4 dietary treatments based on body weight (BW) in a completely randomized design, including a basal diet (CON) and 3 fiber-rich diets replacing corn, soybean meal and soybean oil in the CON diet with 20% sugar beet pulp (SBP), defatted rice bran (DFRB) or soybean hull (SBH), respectively. Fresh feces were sampled on d 7, 14 and 21, followed by 5 d total feces and urine collections. The results showed that there were no differences in DE and ME between any of the fiber ingredients on d 7, 14 or 21. However, fiber inclusion decreased the DE and ME of the diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) regardless of the time effect. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed distinctly different microbial communities on the DFRB diet and SBH diet across different times (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and the fecal microbiota of the 4 diet groups demonstrated notably distinct clusters at each time point (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). With adaptation time increased from 7 to 21 d, cellulose-degrading bacteria and SCFA-producing bacteria (e.g., <em>Ruminococcaceae</em><em>_UCG-014</em>, <em>Rikenellaceae</em><em>_RC9_gut_group</em> and <em>Bifidobacterium</em>) increased in the fiber inclusion diets, and pathogenic genera (e.g., <em>Streptococcus</em> and <em>Selenomonas</em>) were increased in the basal diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the gut microbiota of growing pigs adapted more easily and quickly to the SBP diet compared to the DFRB diet, as reflected by the concentration of propionate, butyrate, isovalerate and total SCFA which increased with time for growing pigs fed the DFRB diet (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Collectively, our results indicated at least 7 d adaptation was required to evaluate the energy values of fiber-rich ingredients, as the hindgut microbiota of growing pigs may need more time to adapt to a high fiber diet, especially for insoluble dietary fiber.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 263-275"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9c/0d/main.PMC9868344.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10584914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionality of dietary antimicrobial peptides in aquatic animal health: Multiple meta-analyses","authors":"Jinhai Wang,&nbsp;Alan E. Wilson,&nbsp;Baofeng Su,&nbsp;Rex A. Dunham","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effects of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) added to diets on aquatic animal health and body function are influenced by multiple factors such as animal species, initial body weight, the dosage of AMP and feeding duration. However, there is limited knowledge on the relationship between these factors and the body function of aquatic animals. Here, we aimed to perform multiple meta-analyses to investigate the effects of dietary AMP on growth performance (feed conversion ratio [FCR], specific growth rate [SGR]), enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase activity [SOD], lysozyme activity [LSA]), disease resistance (cumulative survival rate [CSR], the expression of immune-related genes [GENE]) and the abundance of gut microbiota (MICRO) from a pool of empirical studies. Additionally, the dose-effect model was applied to determine the optimal AMP dose, initial body weight and feeding duration to maximize body function. To conduct the meta-analyses, we included 34 publications that estimated 705 effect sizes across 21 fish, 2 shrimp and 2 shellfish species. The results confirmed that the inclusion of AMP in the diet can significantly improve SGR, SOD, LSA, CSR and GENE and decrease FCR for aquatic animals. Interestingly, our findings implied a slight positive effect of AMP on MICRO albeit with a limited number of studies available on fish gut microbial communities. Although no significant linear or quadratic relationship was predicted by meta-regression, the dose-effect indicated that the optimal AMP doses for FCR, SGR, SOD and LSA were 707.5, 750.0, 1,050.0 and 937.5 mg/kg, respectively. Taken together, fish with an initial body weight of 30 g could be fed with a dose of 600 to 800 mg/kg for 2 mo when AMP-supplemented diets were applied in aquaculture, which can effectively improve body function and health while lowering aquafeed costs. In addition, more studies should address fish gut microbiota to delimitate the influence of dietary AMP on MICRO in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 200-214"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/77/54/main.PMC9860427.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10639680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental changes in lipid and fatty acid metabolism and the inhibition by in ovo feeding oleic acid in Muscovy duck embryogenesis","authors":"Xiufen Zhang ,&nbsp;Qilin Wu ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Chuang Liu ,&nbsp;Liang Huang ,&nbsp;Xin Zuo ,&nbsp;Wenquan Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Han ,&nbsp;Hui Ye ,&nbsp;Wence Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Yang ,&nbsp;Yongwen Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2022.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hepatic lipid and fatty acid (FA) metabolism are critical for regulating energetic homeostasis during embryogenesis. At present, it remains unclear how an exogenous FA intervention affects embryonic development in an avian embryo model. In Exp. 1, 30 fertilized eggs were sampled on embryonic days (E) 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31 and the day of hatch (DOH) to determine the critical period of lipid metabolism. In Exp. 2, a total of 120 fertilized eggs were divided into two groups (60 eggs/group) for in ovo feeding (IOF) procedures on E25. Eggs were injected into the yolk sac with PBS as the control group and with oleic acid (OA) as the IOF-OA treatment group. Samples were collected on E28 and E31. In Exp. 1, hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesterol (CHO) contents increased while serum TG content decreased from E16 to DOH (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). Both serum and liver displayed an increase in unsaturated FA and a decrease in saturated FA (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). There was a quadratic increase in the target gene and protein expression related to hepatic FA de novo synthesis and oxidation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), whose inflection period was between E22 and E28. In Exp. 2, compared with the control embryos, IOF-OA embryos had an increased yolk sac TG content on E28 and E31, and a decreased serum TG and CHO content on E28 (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). The IOF-OA embryos had less OA in the yolk sac and liver on E28, and less unsaturated FA in the serum and liver on E31 than did the control embryos (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). Hepatic gene mRNA expression related to FA uptake, synthesis, and oxidation on E28 was lower in IOF-OA than in control embryos (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05), not on E31 (<em>P &gt;</em> 0.05). Maximal metabolic changes in lipid and FA metabolism occurred on E22-E28 in Muscovy duck embryogenesis, along with the altered target gene and protein expression related to lipogenesis and lipolysis. IOF-OA intervention on E25 could inhibit the target gene expression related to FA uptake, synthesis, and oxidation, which may influence the normal FA metabolism on E28 during embryogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"12 ","pages":"Pages 321-333"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/27/main.PMC9873582.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10645743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}