Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Mulberry leaf supplementation inhibits skatole deposition by regulating gut microbiota and upregulating liver cytochrome P450 1A1 expression in finishing pigs","authors":"Yuqing Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Men ,&nbsp;Tianbao Lin ,&nbsp;Bo Deng ,&nbsp;Shi Zhong ,&nbsp;Jinxi Huo ,&nbsp;Kaipeng Qin ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Lv ,&nbsp;Ziwei Xu ,&nbsp;Yougui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Skatole, a strong fecal odor substance, is generated through microbial degradation of tryptophan in the animal hindgut. It easily accumulates in adipose tissue and affects meat quality. In this study, the effect of mulberry leaf supplementation on skatole in finishing pigs was studied. In a 35-day trial, 20 finishing pigs (barrows and gilts) were fed with a basal diet or basal diet with 6% mulberry leaves. Growth performance of the pigs (<em>n</em> = 10) was automatically recorded by a performance-testing feeder system and 8 pigs in each treatment were slaughtered and sampled for the remaining tests. Skatole and short-chain fatty acids were detected using HPLC and gas chromatography, respectively. Fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The metabolomics analysis of feces and serum was performed with UHPLC-MS/MS. The major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that catalyze skatole degradation in the liver were tested by using RT-PCR and Western blot. Effects of major bioactive compounds in mulberry leaves on the <em>CYP</em> genes were verified in the hepatic cell line HepG2 in an in vitro test (<em>n</em> = 3). In finishing pigs, mulberry leaf supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), but reduced skatole levels in feces, serum, and backfat (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and increased acetic acid levels in feces (<em>P</em> = 0.027). Mulberry leaf supplementation decreased the relative abundance of the skatole-producing bacteria <em>Megasphaera</em> and <em>Olsenella</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Indole-3-acetic acid, the intermediate that is essential for skatole production, was significantly reduced in feces by mulberry leaf supplementation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and was positively correlated with skatole content in feces (<em>P</em> = 0.004). In pigs treated with mulberry leaves, liver <em>CYP1A1</em> expression was increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and was negatively correlated with skatole content in backfat (<em>P</em> = 0.045). The in vitro test demonstrated that mulberry leaf polyphenols and polysaccharides could directly stimulate <em>CYP1A1</em> expression in hepatic cells. These findings suggest that mulberry leaf supplementation reduces skatole production and deposition in finishing pigs by regulating the gut microbiota and promoting skatole degradation in liver.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001348/pdfft?md5=314653999a049a70677f4d2206ee0ddc&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001348-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135963306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc lactate alleviates oxidative stress by modulating crosstalk between constitutive androstane receptor signaling pathway and gut microbiota profile in weaned piglets","authors":"Wenjie Tang ,&nbsp;Xuan Xiang ,&nbsp;Houfu Wang ,&nbsp;Wentao Zhou ,&nbsp;Liuqin He ,&nbsp;Yulong Yin ,&nbsp;Tiejun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to determine the regulatory mechanism of dietary zinc lactate (ZL) supplementation on intestinal oxidative stress damage in a paraquat (PQ)-induced piglet model. Twenty-eight piglets (mean body weight 9.51 ± 0.23 kg) weaned at 28 d of age were randomly divided into control, ZL, PQ, and ZL + PQ groups (<em>n</em> = 7 in each group). The ZL-supplemented diet had little effect on growth performance under normal physiological conditions. However, under PQ challenge, ZL supplementation significantly improved average daily gain (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and reduced the frequency of diarrhea. ZL improved intestinal morphology and ultrastructure by significantly increasing the expression level of the jejunal tight junction protein, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and intestinal zinc transport and absorption in PQ-induced piglets, which reduced intestinal permeability. ZL supplementation also enhanced the expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory factor-related genes and decreased inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion in PQ-induced piglets. Furthermore, ZL treatment significantly inhibited the activation of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) signaling (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in PQ-induced piglets and altered the structure of the gut microbiota, especially by significantly increasing the abundance of beneficial gut microbes, including <em>UCG_002</em>, <em>Ruminococcus</em>, <em>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group</em>, <em>Christensenellaceae_R_7_group</em>, <em>Treponema</em>, <em>unclassified_Christensenellaceae</em>, and <em>unclassified_Erysipelotrichaceae</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). These data reveal that pre-administration of ZL to piglets can suppress intestinal oxidative stress by improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity and regulating the crosstalk between CAR signaling and gut microbiota.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001324/pdfft?md5=317667334265c6d2d2d53107dc9f111d&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001324-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135705981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers","authors":"Mukti Barua ,&nbsp;M. Reza Abdollahi ,&nbsp;Faegheh Zaefarian ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Wester ,&nbsp;Channarayapatna K. Girish ,&nbsp;Peter V. Chrystal ,&nbsp;Velmurugu Ravindran","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients (SIDC) of nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) in two protein sources (soybean meal [SBM] and canola meal [CM]) were investigated at six broiler ages (d 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42). Two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBM (413 g/kg) or CM (553 g/kg) as the sole dietary AA source. Titanium dioxide (5 g/kg) was added as an indigestible marker. A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age group. Each assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7 (14 birds/cage), 14 (12 birds/cage), 21 (10 birds/cage), 28 (8 birds/cage), 35 (8 birds/cage) and 42 (6 birds/cage), respectively. The apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA flows. In the SBM group, though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced (quadratic; <em>P</em> = 0.075) by age, no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable (IAA) and total AA (TAA). An age effect (quadratic; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) was observed on the average SIDC of dispensable AA (DAA) in SBM with the highest value recorded at d 7, followed by a decrease from d 14 to 28, which increased beyond d 35. The SIDC of some individual AA (Arg, Thr, Trp, Cys, Pro) were affected (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 or <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) in a quadratic manner by age. In the CM, the SIDC of N, average SIDC of IAA, DAA and TAA were influenced (quadratic; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 or <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) by age. The SIDC of N and average SIDC of DAA and TAA were higher from d 7 to 14, declined at d 21, and then increased beyond d 28. The average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased thereafter. The SIDC of individual AA were affected (linear or quadratic; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 or <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) by different magnitudes by age. The age influence on the SIDC AA was variable, depending on the protein source and AA. The results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001312/pdfft?md5=ffef4a683c535250cdbc5315bba108a2&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001312-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135707217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting mitochondria with antioxidant nutrients for the prevention and treatment of postweaning diarrhea in piglets","authors":"Lei Qiao ,&nbsp;Xina Dou ,&nbsp;Xiaofan Song ,&nbsp;Jiajing Chang ,&nbsp;Hongbo Yi ,&nbsp;Chunlan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets poses a significant challenge and presents a grave threat to the global swine industry, resulting in considerable financial losses and compromising the welfare of animals. PWD is commonly associated with gut homeostatic imbalance, including oxidative stress, excessive inflammation, and microbiota dysbiosis. Antibiotic use has historically been a common initiative to combat PWD, but concerns about the development of antibiotic resistance have led to increased interest in alternative strategies. Mitochondria are key players in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and their dysfunction is intricately linked to the onset and progression of PWD. Accumulating evidence suggests that targeting mitochondrial function using antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals and polyphenolic compounds, may represent a promising approach for preventing and treating PWD. Moreover, nutrients based on antioxidant strategies have been shown to improve mitochondrial function, restore intestinal redox balance, and reduce oxidative damage, which is a key driver of PWD. The present review begins with an overview of the potential interplay between mitochondria and gut homeostasis in the pathogenesis of PWD in piglets. Subsequently, alternative strategies to prevent and treat PWD using antioxidant nutrients to target mitochondria are described and discussed. Ultimately, we delve into potential limitations and suggest future research directions in this field for further advancement. Overall, targeting mitochondria using antioxidant nutrients may be a promising approach to combat PWD and provides a potential nutrition intervention strategy for regulating gut homeostasis of weaned piglets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001282/pdfft?md5=d9c963794503788570ff1c4dd36b6def&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001282-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134657008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with pyrroloquinoline quinone promotes growth, relieves weaning stress, and regulates metabolism of piglets compared with adding zinc oxide","authors":"Chenyu Shi ,&nbsp;Zirou Yu ,&nbsp;Zijie Wang ,&nbsp;Ran Ning ,&nbsp;Caiyun Huang ,&nbsp;Youjun Gao ,&nbsp;Fenglai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hindered growth often occurs because of psychological and environmental stress during the weaning period of piglets. This study aimed to compare the effects of growth performance, diarrhea indices, digestibility of nutrients, antioxidant capacity, neurotransmitters levels and metabolism of weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and zinc oxide (ZnO). Pigs weaned at d 28 (<em>n</em> = 108) were fed with three different diets including: the basal diet (CTRL group), the basal diet supplemented with 3.0 mg/kg PQQ (PQQ group) and the basal diet containing 1,600 mg/kg ZnO (ZNO group). During the first 14 d, weaned pigs fed the diet supplemented with PQQ and ZnO decreased feed to gain ratio and diarrhea rate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Compared with the CTRL group, average daily gain was increased in weaned pigs in the PQQ group from d 15 to 28 (<em>P</em> = 0.03). Compared with the CTRL group, pigs fed PQQ and ZnO supplemented diets showed improved apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). During the overall experimental period, the concentration of malondialdehyde was decreased in plasma of pigs in the PQQ and ZNO groups compared with the CTRL group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). At d 28, the concentration of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was lower in plasma of weaned pigs in the PQQ and ZNO groups compared with the CTRL group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). There was no difference between the PQQ and ZNO group in growth performance, ATTD of nutrition, antioxidant capacity and neurotransmitters levels. PQQ increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelate (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) compared with the CTRL group. According to metabolomic analysis, erucamide, formononetin and 3-methyl-L-histidine were up-regulated in the PQQ group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Compared with the CTRL group, aloesin and dibutyl adipate were down-regulated in the PQQ group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, similar to ZnO, PQQ improves growth performance, digestibility of nutrients, antioxidant capacity, neuromodulation and metabolism of weaned pigs. Thus, like ZnO, PQQ can be effectively applied in weaned pigs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001294/pdfft?md5=23db30107f156c9ed74c29c0013c2baa&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001294-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134935412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms by which microbial enzymes degrade four mycotoxins and application in animal production: A review","authors":"Huiying Sun ,&nbsp;Ziqi He ,&nbsp;Dongwei Xiong ,&nbsp;Miao Long","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mycotoxins are toxic compounds that pose a serious threat to animal health and food safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need for safe and efficient methods of detoxifying mycotoxins. As biotechnology has continued to develop, methods involving biological enzymes have shown great promise. Biological enzymatic methods, which can fundamentally destroy the structures of mycotoxins and produce degradation products whose toxicity is greatly reduced, are generally more specific, efficient, and environmentally friendly. Mycotoxin-degrading enzymes can thus facilitate the safe and effective detoxification of mycotoxins which gives them a huge advantage over other methods. This article summarizes the newly discovered degrading enzymes that can degrade four common mycotoxins (aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and ochratoxin A) in the past five years, and reveals the degradation mechanism of degrading enzymes on four mycotoxins, as well as their positive effects on animal production. This review will provide a theoretical basis for the safe treatment of mycotoxins by using biological enzyme technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001300/pdfft?md5=c5a5bd7ab0e614f3c5beb4d4dd7724a3&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001300-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134657005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of a hepatic biomarker of nutritional imbalance in juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) fed 60% soybean meal-based diets using NMR-based metabolomics","authors":"Fabio Casu ,&nbsp;Aaron M. Watson ,&nbsp;Justin Yost ,&nbsp;T. Gibson Gaylord ,&nbsp;Daniel W. Bearden ,&nbsp;Michael R. Denson","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A 12-week feeding trial with juvenile red drum (<em>Sciaenops ocellatus</em>) fed high-soybean meal (SBM) diets was conducted to investigate a putative biomarker of nutritional imbalance, N-formimino-L-glutamate (FIGLU). Three fishmeal-free, 60% SBM pelleted diets (named B12, Fol, and Met, respectively) were tested to evaluate the effects on growth performance and tissue metabolite profiles of supplementation of vitamin B₁₂ (0.012 mg/kg), folate (10 mg/kg), methionine (1 g/kg) respectively, above basal supplementation levels. A fourth SBM-based diet (named B12/Fol/Met) was formulated with a combination of B₁₂, folate, and methionine to attain the above-mentioned target concentrations. A fifth 60% SBM diet (named FWS) with methionine supplementation (1 g/kg above basal supplementation levels), enriched with taurine, lysine and threonine as well as minerals, was also tested. This diet contained formulation targets and additives which have allowed for replacing fishmeal with plant proteins in rainbow trout feeds. Control diets included a fishmeal-based diet (named FM), an unsupplemented basal 60% SBM diet (named SBM60), and a “natural” diet (named N) made up of equal parts of fish (cigar minnows), squid and shrimp as a positive reference for growth performance. Formulated feeds contained approximately 37% total crude protein, approximately 14% total crude lipid and were energetically balanced. Standard growth performance metrics were measured, and tissues (liver, muscle) were collected at week 12 to evaluate diet-induced metabolic changes using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics. Our results show that the FWS diet outperformed all other SBM diets and the FM diet under all performance metrics (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). FIGLU was not detected in fish fed the N diet but was detected in those fed the SBM diets and the FM diet. Fish fed the FWS diet and the Met diet showed lower hepatic levels of FIGLU compared with the other SBM-based diets (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), suggesting that among the different supplementation regimes, methionine supplementation was associated with lower FIGLU levels. The FWS diet produced tissue metabolite profiles that were more similar to those of fish fed the N diet. Based on our results, the FWS diet constitutes a promising SBM-based alternative diet to fishmeal for red drum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001270/pdfft?md5=856876967604be8b7d17cc3106d1534d&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001270-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-derived squalene supplementation improves growth performance and alleviates acute oxidative stress-induced growth retardation and intestinal damage in piglets","authors":"Junquan Tian ,&nbsp;Qian Jiang ,&nbsp;Xuetai Bao ,&nbsp;Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Yuying Li ,&nbsp;Haihui Sun ,&nbsp;Kang Yao ,&nbsp;Yulong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Piglets are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress, which causes inferior growth performance and intestinal damage. Squalene (SQ), a natural bioactive substance enriched in shark liver oil, shows excellent antioxidant properties and can currently be obtained at a low cost from deodorizer distillate during the production of plant oil. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of plant-derived SQ supplementation on the growth performance of piglets and explore the beneficial roles of SQ against oxidative stress and intestinal injury in diquat-challenged piglets. Forty piglets were randomly divided into five groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with SQ at 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg for 5 weeks. Acute oxidative stress was induced in the piglets with diquat (10 mg/kg BW) at the fourth week of the experiment, followed by a 7-d recovery period. Results showed that before the diquat challenge, SQ supplementation significantly improved growth performance (average daily gain and feed conversion ratio) and serum antioxidant status, and after the diquat challenge, SQ supplementation significantly mitigated diquat-induced growth arrest, intestinal villous atrophy, intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, intestinal hyperpermeability, and deficiency of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-3). Under oxidative stress induced by diquat, SQ supplementation consistently improved the antioxidant status of the small intestine, liver, and muscle. In vitro, SQ was shown to alleviate hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced increase of the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and apoptosis of porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Taken together, SQ supplementation improves growth performance and effectively alleviates acute oxidative stress-induced growth retardation and intestinal injury via improving antioxidant capacity in piglets. Our findings may provide an efficient strategy for alleviating oxidative stress-induced inferior growth performance and intestinal damage in piglets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001257/pdfft?md5=1782abc3fa440387c796c8382bf0e7d0&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001257-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135638193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on growth, immune response and acute ammonia stress tolerance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with high or low protein diets","authors":"Zhihong Liao ,&nbsp;Yantao Liu ,&nbsp;Hanlin Wei ,&nbsp;Xuanshu He ,&nbsp;Ziqiao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenxiao Zhuang ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Karthik Masagounder ,&nbsp;Juyun He ,&nbsp;Jin Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquatic animals have benefited from <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>-based probiotics over the past few decades. This study evaluated the effects of <em>B. subtilis</em> DSM 32315 probiotics as a feed additive on growth, immune response and resistance to acute ammonia challenge in Nile tilapia. Specifically, four supplemental levels (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) of <em>B. subtilis</em> probiotics were tested under two dietary protein levels (32% and 28%). Five replicate tanks were randomly allotted to each dietary treatment, with each tank containing 30 Nile tilapia. After 8 weeks of feeding, Nile tilapia in each tank were exposed to 43.61 mg/L of total ammonia nitrogen for 48 h. The results revealed that reducing protein levels from 32% to 28% did not affect growth performance or antioxidant capacity. However, the low protein diet tended to induce an inflammatory effect shown by increased expressions of <em>TGF-β</em> and <em>IFN-γ</em> genes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the liver. The impact was alleviated by the probiotic supplementation. Compared with the non-supplemented group, 0.1% probiotic supplementation remarkably increased plasma lysozyme activity, total antioxidant capacity and complement C3 and interleukin-10 mRNA levels (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the 28% protein diet, while higher supplementation of probiotics (0.3%) was shown to be beneficial for the high protein diet (32%). In both the dietary protein levels, 0.1% supplementation of probiotics promoted the antioxidant capacity of Nile tilapia before exposure to ammonia stress but higher probiotic supplementation (0.3%) proved to be necessary under ammonia stress as evidenced by higher fish survival rate. Results exhibited that supplementation with <em>B. subtilis</em> probiotics had a better effect on the intestinal morphology (villi height and width) regardless of protein levels. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of <em>B. subtilis</em> DSM 32315 probiotics at 0.1% in the low protein diet and up to 0.3% in the high protein diet showed beneficial effects on the growth, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of Nile tilapia. Under ammonia stress conditions, the higher supplementation of <em>B. subtilis</em> DSM 32315 probiotics at 0.3% improves stress tolerance of Nile tilapia despite the two dietary protein levels (32%; 28%).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001245/pdfft?md5=5737b8f87971daaca88d293b2a26d7f8&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001245-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract improves laying performance by altering serum metabolic profiles and gut bacteria in aged laying hens","authors":"Xiaoxiao Liang ,&nbsp;Yawei Fu ,&nbsp;Kaimin Niu ,&nbsp;Zhenya Zhai ,&nbsp;Hongxun Shi ,&nbsp;Ruxia Wang ,&nbsp;Yulong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The leaves of <em>Eucommia ulmoides</em> are rich in bioactive constituents that have potential gastrointestinal benefits for animals. In aged laying hens, intestinal health issues contribute to a significant decline in egg-laying capacity during intermediate and later stages. It remains unclear whether <em>E. ulmoides</em> leaf extract (ELE) can improve intestinal health and enhance egg production in elderly laying hens, and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Therefore, we conducted a study with 480 laying hens (65 weeks old) randomly allocated into four groups: a control group fed with the basal diet, and three treatment groups supplemented with 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg of ELE, respectively. The primary active constituents of ELE include flavonoids, polysaccharides, terpenoids, and phenolic acids. Dietary supplementation with ELE at 1,000 mg/kg (ELE1000) significantly improved laying performance and egg quality compared to the other groups. ELE1000 stimulated the maturation of intestinal epithelial cells, increased villus height, and reduced crypt depth. It also influenced the levels of proteins associated with tight junctions (claudin-1 and claudin-2) and intestinal inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-2) in different intestinal sections. Integrative analysis of serum metabolomics and gut microbiota revealed that ELE1000 improved nutrient metabolism by modulating amino acid and ubiquinone biosynthesis and influenced the abundance of intestinal microbiota by enriching pivotal genera such as <em>Bacteroides</em> and <em>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group</em>. We identified 15 metabolites significantly correlated with both gut microbiota and laying performance, e.g., DL-methionine sulfoxide, THJ2201 N-valerate metabolite, tetracarbonic acid, etc. In conclusion, ELE1000 improved laying performance in elderly laying hens by affecting intestinal morphology, barrier function, microbiota, and serum metabolite profiles. These findings suggest that ELE can be a beneficial feed additive for extending the peak producing period in aged laying hens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001233/pdfft?md5=e4823ed5a05dd2dd638c4b0419275a56&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001233-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134657010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}