Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Replacing dietary sodium selenite with biogenic selenium nanoparticles improves the growth performance and gut health of early-weaned piglets","authors":"Lei Qiao ,&nbsp;Xina Dou ,&nbsp;Xiaofan Song ,&nbsp;Jiajing Chang ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Zeng ,&nbsp;Lixu Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongbo Yi ,&nbsp;Chunlan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are proposed as a safer and more effective selenium delivery system than sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃). Here, we investigated the effects of replacing dietary Na₂SeO₃ with SeNPs synthesized by <em>Lactobacillus casei</em> ATCC 393 on the growth performance and gut health of early-weaned piglets. Seventy-two piglets (<em>Duroc</em> × <em>Landrace</em> × <em>Large Yorkshire</em>) weaned at 21 d of age were divided into the control group (basal diet containing 0.3 mg Se/kg from Na₂SeO₃) and SeNPs group (basal diet containing 0.3 mg Se/kg from SeNPs) during a 14-d feeding period. The results revealed that SeNPs supplementation increased the average daily gain (<em>P</em> = 0.022) and average daily feed intake (<em>P</em> = 0.033), reduced (<em>P</em> = 0.056) the diarrhea incidence, and improved (<em>P</em> = 0.013) the feed conversion ratio compared with Na₂SeO₃. Additionally, SeNPs increased jejunal microvilli height (<em>P</em> = 0.006) and alleviated the intestinal barrier dysfunction by upregulating (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the expression levels of mucin 2 and tight junction proteins, increasing (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) Se availability, and maintaining mitochondrial structure and function, thereby improving antioxidant capacity and immunity. Furthermore, metabolomics showed that SeNPs can regulate lipid metabolism and participate in the synthesis, secretion and action of parathyroid hormone, proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Moreover, SeNPs increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the abundance of <em>Holdemanella</em> and the levels of acetate and propionate. Correlation analysis suggested that <em>Holdemanella</em> was closely associated with the regulatory effects of SeNPs on early-weaned piglets through participating in lipid metabolism. Overall, replacing dietary Na₂SeO₃ with biogenic SeNPs could be a potential nutritional intervention strategy to prevent early-weaning syndrome in piglets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 99-113"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001002/pdfft?md5=3ccedc70d5efb7c521c6f187953c9fb7&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001002-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43173867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The probiotic effects of host-associated Bacillus velezensis in diets for hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂)","authors":"Zhehui Ji ,&nbsp;Xing Lu ,&nbsp;Mingyang Xue ,&nbsp;Yuding Fan ,&nbsp;Juan Tian ,&nbsp;Lixue Dong ,&nbsp;Chuanzhong Zhu ,&nbsp;Hua Wen ,&nbsp;Ming Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was to evaluate the potential of a host-associated <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> as a probiotic for hybrid yellow catfish (<em>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀</em> × <em>Pelteobagrus vachelli</em> ♂). Diets (B0 to B5) containing 0, 0.90 × 10⁸, 0.80 × 10⁹, 0.85 × 10¹⁰, 0.90 × 10¹¹, 0.83 × 10¹² CFU/kg <em>B</em>. <em>velezensis</em> YFI-E109 were fed to the fish with initial weight (3.07 ± 0.08 g) in a recirculating aquaculture system for six weeks with three replicates, respectively. Probiotic effects were analyzed based on growth, body composition, liver and gut morphology, gut microbiome, and liver metabolome. Analysis of the bacterial genome has shown that the most abundant genes in <em>B</em>. <em>velezensis</em> YFI-E109 were distributed in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Fish in groups B3 and B4 had better growth performance, and higher intestinal amylase (AMS) and lipase (LPS) activities compared with other groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Fish in groups B0 and B5 showed significant liver damage, while this status improved in group B3. The liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content in group B3 was lower than that in other groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The abundance of <em>Mycoplasma, Ralstonia</em> and <em>Ac</em><em>inetobacter</em> was significantly reduced in B3 and B5 compared to B0. The amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were enriched in group B3 compared with group B0. In conclusion, dietary <em>B. velezensis</em> YFI-E109 supplementation has the potential to improve growth, liver metabolism, and liver and gut health, and reshape the gut microbiome of hybrid yellow catfish. Excessive <em>B. velezensis</em> YFI-E109 reduced the prebiotic effects. The recommended dietary supplementation of <em>B. velezensis</em> YFI-E109 is 0.31 × 10¹⁰ to 0.77 × 10¹¹ CFU/kg for hybrid yellow catfish according to the quadratic regression method by plotting specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), MDA and activities of AMS against dietary <em>B. velezensis</em> YFI-E109 levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 114-125"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001014/pdfft?md5=f864ea5b277dcc74aed284035fbab718&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001014-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49472797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary rumen-protected L-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate enhances placental amino acid transport and suppresses angiogenesis and steroid anabolism in underfed pregnant ewes","authors":"Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xia Zha ,&nbsp;Bei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Liu ,&nbsp;Mabrouk Elsabagh ,&nbsp;Yi Ma ,&nbsp;Hongrong Wang ,&nbsp;Guihua Shu ,&nbsp;Mengzhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of underfed Hu ewes from d 35 to 110 of gestation with either rumen-protected L-arginine (RP-Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on placental amino acid (AA) transport, angiogenic gene expression, and steroid anabolism. On d 35 of gestation, 32 Hu ewes carrying twin fetuses were randomly divided into four treatment groups, each consisting of eight ewes, and were fed the following diets: A diet providing 100% of NRC's nutrient requirements for pregnant ewes (CON); A diet providing 50% of NRC's nutrient requirements for pregnant ewes (RES); RES diet plus 5 g/d NCG (RES + NCG); or RES diet plus 20 g/d RP-Arg (RES + ARG). On the d 110 of pregnancy, blood samples were taken from the mother, and samples were collected from type A cotyledons (COT; the fetal portions of the placenta). The levels of 17β-estradiol and progesterone in the maternal serum and both the capillary area density (CAD) and capillary surface density (CSD) in type A COT were decreased in response to Arg or NCG supplementation when compared to the RES group. The concentrations of arginine, leucine, putrescine and spermidine in type A COT were higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the RES + ARG or RES + NCG group than in the RES group. The mRNA expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (<em>iNOS</em>) and solute carrier family 15, member 1 (<em>SLC15A1</em>) were increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) while those of progesterone receptor (<em>PGR</em>) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (<em>FGF2</em>) were decreased in type A COT by supplementation with either NCG or RP-Arg compared to the RES group. The results suggest that providing underfed pregnant ewes from d 35 to 110 of gestation with a diet supplemented with NCG or RP-Arg improves placental AA transport, and reduces the expression of angiogenic growth factor genes and steroid anabolism, leading to better fetal development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523001026/pdfft?md5=54cf2e2c7c1b34f5f69f1c65ab482be5&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523001026-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44269458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal tryptophan metabolism in disease prevention and swine production","authors":"Zhenguo Hu ,&nbsp;Luya Feng ,&nbsp;Qian Jiang ,&nbsp;Wenliang Wang ,&nbsp;Bi'e Tan ,&nbsp;Xiongzhuo Tang ,&nbsp;Yulong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that cannot be synthesized by animals. It has been characterized into two different isomers, levorotation-Trp (L-Trp) and dextrorotation-Trp (D-Trp), based on their distinct molecule orientation. Intestinal epithelial cells and gut microbiota are involved in metabolizing L-Trp in the gut via the activation of the kynurenine, serotonin, and indole pathways. However, knowledge regarding D-Trp metabolism in the gut remains unclear. In this review, we briefly update the current understanding of intestinal L/D-Trp metabolism and the function of their metabolites in modulating the gut physiology and diseases. Finally, we summarize the effects of Trp nutrition on swine production at different stages, including growth performance in weaned piglets and growing pigs, as well as the reproduction performance in sows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 364-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523000999/pdfft?md5=d70acfaa82035c410b54804a1df20c1d&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523000999-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47728514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary choline activates the Ampk/Srebp signaling pathway and decreases lipid levels in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)","authors":"Jingjing Lu ,&nbsp;Xinyue Tao ,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Luo ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhu ,&nbsp;Lefei Jiao ,&nbsp;Peng Sun ,&nbsp;Qicun Zhou ,&nbsp;Douglas R. Tocher ,&nbsp;Min Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An 8-week feeding trial was conducted in Pacific white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>) to evaluate the effects of dietary choline supplementation on choline transport and metabolism, hepatopancreas histological structure and fatty acid profile, and regulation of lipid metabolism. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different choline levels of 2.91 (basal diet), 3.85, 4.67, 6.55, 10.70 and 18.90 g/kg, respectively. A total of 960 shrimp (initial weight, 1.38 ± 0.01 g) were distributed randomly into twenty-four 250-L cylindrical fiber-glass tanks, with each diet assigned randomly to 4 replicate tanks. The results indicated that dietary choline significantly promoted the deposition of choline, betaine and carnitine (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The diameters and areas of R cells, total lipid and triglyceride contents in hepatopancreas, and triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid contents in hemolymph were negatively correlated with dietary choline level. The contents of functional fatty acids in hepatopancreas, the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc), and the mRNA expression of <em>fas</em>, <em>srebp</em> and <em>acc</em> were highest in shrimp fed the diet containing 4.67 g/kg choline, and significantly higher than those fed the diet containing 2.91 g/kg, the lowest level of choline (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The number of R cells, content of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), activities of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase (Cpt1), lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, and the mRNA expression levels of <em>cpt1</em>, <em>fabp</em>, <em>fatp</em>, <em>ldlr</em>, and <em>ampk</em> in hepatopancreas increased significantly as dietary choline increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, hepatopancreas mRNA expression levels of <em>ctl1</em>, <em>ctl2</em>, <em>oct1</em>, <em>badh</em>, <em>bhmt</em>, <em>ck</em>, <em>cept</em>, and <em>cct</em> were generally up-regulated as dietary choline level increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, dietary choline promoted the deposition of choline and its metabolites by up-regulating genes related to choline transport and metabolism. Moreover, appropriate dietary choline level promoted the development of hepatopancreas R cells and maintained the normal accumulation of lipids required for development, while high dietary choline not only promoted hepatopancreas lipid export by enhancing VLDL synthesis, but also promoted fatty acid β-oxidation and inhibited de novo fatty acid synthesis by activating the Ampk/Srebp signaling pathway. These findings provided further insight and understanding of the mechanisms by which dietary choline regulated lipid metabolism in <em>L. vannamei</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 58-70"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50188780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumen-protected lysine supplementation improved amino acid balance, nitrogen utilization and altered hindgut microbiota of dairy cows","authors":"Xiaoshi Wei ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Zixiang Wang ,&nbsp;Jinpeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Weijie Wang ,&nbsp;Junhong Wang ,&nbsp;Yanming Wang ,&nbsp;Chong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) and rumen-protected lysine (RPL) supplementation on lactation performance, amino acid (AA) balance, nitrogen (N) utilization and hindgut microbiota in dairy cows. Treatments were in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, and the main effects were CP concentration (16% vs. 18%) and RPL supplementation (with or without RPL at 40 g/cow per day). Forty cows were randomly allocated to 4 groups: low-CP diet (LP), low-CP diet plus RPL (LPL), high-CP diet (HP), high-CP diet plus RPL (HPL). The experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. Results showed that RPL increased the dry matter intake (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), milk protein yield (<em>P</em> = 0.04) and energy corrected milk (<em>P</em> = 0.04), and tended to increase milk fat yield (<em>P</em> = 0.06) and fat corrected milk (<em>P</em> = 0.05). Cows in the HP group tended to have higher milk urea N (<em>P</em> = 0.07). Plasma concentrations of Arg, Ile, Lys, Met, Pro, total essential AA and total nonessential AA were increased by RPL (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The total essential AA, total nonessential AA and most AA (except Ile, Phe, Gly and Pro) were increased in the HP group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). N excretion was increased in the HP group through an increase in urea N excretion (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and an upward trend in plasma urea N (<em>P</em> = 0.07). In addition, RPL tended to increase milk protein N secretion (<em>P</em> = 0.08), milk N (<em>P</em> = 0.07) and microbial protein synthesis (<em>P</em> = 0.06), and decreased plasma urea N (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In the hindgut, the bacterial community were different between the LP and LPL groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). The probiotic abundances of <em>Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</em> and <em>Acinetobacter</em> were increased by RPL (<em>P</em> = 0.03 and 0.03, respectively). The pathogenic abundances of <em>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and <em>Turicibacter</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) were decreased by RPL. In conclusion, supplementing RPL with low dietary CP could balance AA supply and increase milk protein yield, resulting in an improvement in N utilization efficiency, and altered the composition of the hindgut microbiota to favor the lactation performance of dairy cows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 320-331"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523000975/pdfft?md5=51f291517dfe6dd5c3c50fe6bb9f9bf7&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523000975-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42170700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An emerging role of arecoline on growth performance, intestinal digestion and absorption capacities and intestinal structural integrity of adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Na Yao ,&nbsp;Lin Feng ,&nbsp;Weidan Jiang ,&nbsp;Pei Wu ,&nbsp;Hongmei Ren ,&nbsp;Hequn Shi ,&nbsp;Ling Tang ,&nbsp;Shuwei Li ,&nbsp;Caimei Wu ,&nbsp;Hua Li ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arecoline is an alkaloid with important pharmacological effects in the plant areca nut, which has been demonstrated to be an agonist of muscarinic receptors (M receptor). This study explored the influences of dietary arecoline on growth performance, intestinal digestion and absorption abilities, antioxidant capacity, and the apical junction complex (AJC) of adult grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>). Adult grass carp (608 to 1512 g) were fed at 6 graded levels of dietary arecoline (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/kg diet) for 9 weeks. The results suggested that appropriate dietary supplementation of arecoline (1.0 mg/kg) increased growth parameters and intestinal growth in adult grass carp (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), enhanced digestion and absorption capacities (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), up-regulated muscarinic receptor 3 (<em>M3</em>) mRNA level (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), increased the content of neuropeptide fish substance P (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), improved antioxidant capacity by activating the Keap1a/Nrf2 signaling pathway (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), reduced intestinal mucosal permeability (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and increased mRNA levels of tight junction (TJ) and adherent junction AJ-related proteins in fish by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway (RhoA/ROCK/MLCK/NMII) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, the appropriate arecoline supplementation for adult grass carp was determined to be 1.20, 1.21, 1.07, and 1.19 mg/kg based on percentage weight gain, lipase activity, serum diamine oxidase, and protein carbonyl, respectively. Overall, to the best of our knowledge, we investigated for the first time the effects and possible mechanisms of dietary arecoline on intestinal digestive and absorptive capacities and structural integrity in fish and evaluated the appropriate level of supplementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 173-186"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523000951/pdfft?md5=1be1b9585bc093a878ca4affdbfaf3fa&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523000951-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45130586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temporal fluctuations and development of faecal microbiota in commercial layer flocks","authors":"Nitish Joat ,&nbsp;Yadav S. Bajagai ,&nbsp;Thi Thu Hao Van ,&nbsp;Dragana Stanley ,&nbsp;Kapil Chousalkar ,&nbsp;Robert J. Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract influences gut health, which in turn strongly impacts the general health and productivity of laying hens. It is essential to characterise the composition and temporal development of the gut microbiota in healthy layers raised under different management systems, to understand the variations in typical healthy microbiota structure, so that deviations from this might be recognised and correlated with production and health issues when they arise. The present investigation aimed to study the temporal development and phylogenetic composition of the gut microbiota of four commercially raised layer flocks from hatch to end of the production cycle. Non-intrusive faecal sampling was undertaken as a proxy to represent the gut microbiota. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to characterise the microbiota. Beta diversity analysis indicated that each faecal microbiota was different across the four flocks and had subtly different temporal development patterns. Despite these inter-flock differences, common patterns of microbiota development were identified. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were dominant at an early age in all flocks. The microbiota developed gradually during the rearing phase; richness and diversity increased after 42 d of age and then underwent significant changes in composition after the shift to the production farms, with Bacteroidota becoming more dominant in older birds. By developing a more profound knowledge of normal microbiota development in layers, opportunities to harness the microbiota to aid in the management of layer gut health and productivity may be more clearly seen and realised.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 197-209"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523000963/pdfft?md5=d1f4710f58ca9612592a049dad9046ed&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523000963-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46286212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus johnsonii N5 from heat stress-resistant pigs improves gut mucosal immunity and barrier in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis","authors":"Long Yuan ,&nbsp;Chuyang Zhu ,&nbsp;Fang Gu ,&nbsp;Miaonan Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Yao ,&nbsp;Cuipeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Shicheng Li ,&nbsp;Kun Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Hu ,&nbsp;Yunzeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Demin Cai ,&nbsp;Hao-Yu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing effective strategies to prevent diarrhea and associated-gut disorders in mammals has gained great significance. Owing to the many health benefits provided by the commensal microbiota of the intestinal tract, such as against environmental perturbation, we explored the host phenotype-associated microbes and their probiotic potential. Based on the observations that the chronic heat stress-exposed weaned piglets present as heat stress-susceptible (HS-SUS) or heat stress-resistant (HS-RES) individuals, we confirmed the phenotypic difference between the two on growth performance (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), diarrhea index (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), intestinal heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) regulation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and inflammatory responses (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). By comparing the gut microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and KEGG functional analysis, we found that <em>Lactobacillus johnsonii</em> exhibited significantly higher relative abundance in the HS-RES piglets than in the HS-SUS ones (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Further experiments using a mouse model for chemical-induced inflammation and intestinal injury demonstrated that oral administration of a representative <em>L. johnsonii</em> N5 (isolated from the HS-RES piglets) ameliorated the clinical and histological signs of colitis while suppressing intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 production (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). We found that N5 treatment enhanced tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin and cytoprotective HSP70 levels under physiological condition and restored their mucosal expressions in colitis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In support of the high production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, N5 promoted the intestinal Peyer's patches MHCII⁺ and CD103⁺ dendritic cell populations (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), increased the regulatory T (Treg) cell numbers (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and decreased the Th17 population and its IL-17a production under physiological condition and during colitis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Our results shed light on understanding the interaction between commensal <em>Lactobacillus</em> and the host health, and provide <em>L. johnsonii</em> N5 as an alternative to antibiotics for preventing diarrhea and intestinal diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 210-224"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240565452300094X/pdfft?md5=d33f63adccb5bae6ec6eed9285bfff07&pid=1-s2.0-S240565452300094X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44799767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary methionine sources and levels modulate the intestinal health status of broiler chickens","authors":"Lu Gong ,&nbsp;Tahir Mahmood ,&nbsp;Yves Mercier ,&nbsp;Huiping Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yizhu Zhao ,&nbsp;Yimeng Luo ,&nbsp;Yuming Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the key role of methionine in biological processes, adequate methionine should be provided to meet the nutritional requirements. DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA) has been considered as an important source of methionine. However, the effects of different sources and levels of methionine on the intestinal health status have not been clarified yet. An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different dietary sources and levels of methionine on the intestinal epithelial barrier, inflammatory cytokines expression, ileal morphology, microbiota composition, and cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) profiles. For this purpose, 720 male Arbor Acre broiler chicks at 1 d old were randomly assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 2 methionine sources (DL-methionine and DL-HMTBA) and 3 total sulfur amino acids (TSAA) levels (80%, 100%, and 120% of Arbor Acre recommendation). The results showed that DL-HMTBA supplementation promoted intestinal physical barrier at both gene expression level of claudin-1 and serum diamine oxidase level (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and the inflammatory cytokine <em>IL-6</em> mRNA expression was down-regulated by dietary DL-HMTBA supplementation compared with the DL-methionine group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, an upregulated gene expression of claudin-1 and zonula occluden-1 (<em>ZO-1</em>) were observed in the low-TSAA treatment on d 14 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas this treatment increased the expression of <em>IL-1β</em> and <em>IL-6</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Villus height to crypt depth ratio was high (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the middle-level TSAA group. Furthermore, DL-HMTBA supplementation optimized the microbiota of the ileum especially the relative abundance of <em>Lactobacillus</em>, where the digestion and absorption were completed, and elevated the concentrations of SCFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) in the cecal content on d 21 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, dietary DL-HMTBA supplementation improved the intestinal barrier function, immune homeostasis and optimized the microbiota to promote intestinal health status in broiler chickens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 242-255"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654523000938/pdfft?md5=a4b4bdf3114d332f030c784594f636d1&pid=1-s2.0-S2405654523000938-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48935909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}