Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L47 and inulin alleviate enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli induced ileal inflammation in piglets by upregulating the levels of α-linolenic acid and 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid","authors":"Leihong Cui,&nbsp;Hui Zeng,&nbsp;Meixin Hou,&nbsp;Zhongxin Li,&nbsp;Chunlong Mu,&nbsp;Weiyun Zhu,&nbsp;Suqin Hang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alternatives to antibiotics for preventing bacteria-induced inflammation in early-weaned farm animals are sorely needed. Our previous study showed that <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> L47 and inulin could alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. To explore the protective effects of <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin on the ileal inflammatory response in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic <em>Escherichia coli</em> (ETEC), 28 weaned piglets were assigned into four groups, namely, CON group—orally given 10 mL/d phosphate buffer saline (PBS), LI47 group—orally given a mixture of 10 mL/d <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin, ECON group—orally given 10 mL/d PBS and challenged by ETEC, and ELI47 group—orally given 10 mL/d <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin mixture and challenged by ETEC. The results demonstrated that the combination of <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin reduced inflammatory responses and relieved the inflammatory damage caused by ETEC, including ileal morphological damage, reduced protein expression of ileal tight junction, decreased antioxidant capacity, and decreased anti-inflammatory factors. Transcriptome analysis revealed that <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin up-regulated the gene expression of phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) as well as affected alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism. Moreover, <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin increased the levels of ALA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-EpOME) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) (<em>P</em> = 0.05) in the ileal mucosa. In conclusion, <em>L. plantarum</em> L47 and inulin together alleviated ETEC-induced ileal inflammation in piglets by up-regulating the levels of ALA and 12,13-EpOME via the LTA/TLR2/PLA2G2A pathway.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 370-382"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated multi-omics reveals the beneficial role of chlorogenic acid in improving the growth performance and immune function of immunologically stressed broilers","authors":"Huawei Liu ,&nbsp;Xuemin Li ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoguo Lv,&nbsp;Quanwei Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Jinshan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intensive production can cause immunological stress in commercial broilers. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) regulates the intestinal microbiota, barrier function, and immune function in chickens. As complex interrelations regulate the dynamic interplay between gut microbiota, the host, and diverse health outcomes, the aim of this study was to elucidate the immunoregulatory mechanisms of CGA using multi-omics approaches. A total of 240 one-day-old male broilers were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 CGA levels (0 or 500 mg/kg) either with or without dexamethasone (DEX) injection for a 21-day experimental period. Therefore, there were 4 dietary treatments: control, DEX, CGA, and DEX + CGA, with 6 replicates per treatment. CGA supplementation improved (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) growth performance, jejunal morphology, jejunal barrier function, and immune function in DEX-treated broilers. Moreover, in DEX + CGA-treated broilers, the increase in gut microbiome diversity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) was consistent with a change in taxonomic composition, especially in the Clostridiales vadin BB60_group. Additionally, the levels of short-chain fatty acids increased remarkably (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) after CGA supplementation. This was consistent with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis results that the “pyruvate fermentation to butanoate” pathway was more enriched (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in the DEX + CGA group than in the DEX group. Proteomics revealed that CGA treatment increased the expression of several health-promoting proteins, thymosin beta (TMSB4X) and legumain (LGMN), which were verified by multiple reaction monitoring. Metabolomics revealed that CGA treatment increased the expression of health-promoting metabolites (2,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid and homogentisic acid). Proteomic and metabolic analyses showed that CGA treatment regulated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Western blotting results support these findings. Pearson’s correlation analyses showed correlations (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) between altered immune function, jejunal barrier function, different microbiota, proteins, and metabolites parameters. Overall, our data indicate that CGA treatment increased growth performance and improved the immunological functions of DEX-treated broilers by regulating gut microbiota and the PPAR and MAPK pathways. The results offer novel insights into a CGA-mediated improvement in immune function and intestinal health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 383-402"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/66/64/main.PMC10448031.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10481853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous mucin conveyed to the mucosa with microbes can assure lumen fermentation and large intestinal security–swine versus fowl","authors":"Edwin T. Moran ,&nbsp;Michael R. Bedford","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endogenous protein leaving the ileum largely consists of accrued mucins from the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that had resisted digestion. The amounts released rely on their mucosal generation during enteral feeding which vary with age as well as diet. These digestion resistant proteins of endogenous origin continue to be unavailable in the large intestine, whereas those of dietary origin provide amino acids that largely support the existing microbial population while denying limited amounts for absorption. Other mucins pre-exist within the large intestine as two layers at the lumen surface. A loose layer harboring a diverse microbial population is superimposed on the unstirred water layer (USWL) which simultaneously acts as an obstacle to microbes at the loose layer while performing as a molecular sieve for nutrients. The USWL is formed through interplay between enterocyte and goblet cells; however, the basis for presence of the loose layer is elusive. Large intestinal fermentation predominates within the colon of swine, whereas fowl employ their ceca. Motility within the colon of swine segregates fine materials into haustrae out-pocketings that parallel their placement within the ceca of fowl. Viscous mucins from small intestinal endogenous losses may envelop microbes within the large intestinal lumen to present successive adherents on the USWL that assemble its loose layer. The loose layer continually functions as a microbial reservoir in support of lumen fermentation. Microbial catabolism of mucin within the loose layer is known to be slow, but its proximity to the enterocyte is of advantage to enterocyte absorption with by-product amino acids fostering the USWL.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 403-410"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c5/8f/main.PMC10457508.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10481854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium butyrate promotes gastrointestinal development of preweaning bull calves via inhibiting inflammation, balancing nutrient metabolism, and optimizing microbial community functions","authors":"Huiyue Zhong ,&nbsp;Wenjing Yu ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Lin ,&nbsp;Xuezhao Sun ,&nbsp;Nan Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Wang ,&nbsp;Shengguo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Butyrate promotes the growth and gastrointestinal development of calves. But, the mechanisms behind its effects on signaling pathways of the gastrointestinal tract and rumen microbiome is unclear. This study aimed to reveal transcriptomic pathways of gastrointestinal epithelium and microbial community in response to butyrate supplementation in calves fed a high fiber starter. Fourteen Holstein bull calves (39.9 ± 3.7 kg, 14 d of age) were assigned to 2 groups (sodium butyrate group, SB; control group, Ctrl). The SB group received 0.5% SB supplementation. At d 51, the calves were slaughtered to obtain samples for analysis of the transcriptome of the rumen and jejunum epithelium as well as ruminal microbial metagenome. Sodium butyrate supplementation resulted in a higher performance in average daily gain and development of jejunum and rumen papillae. In both the rumen and jejunum epithelium, SB down-regulated pathways related to inflammation including NF-κB (<em>PPKCB, CXCL8, CXCL12</em>), interleukin-17 (<em>IL17A, IL17B, MMP9</em>), and chemokine (<em>CXCL12, CCL4, CCL8</em>) and up-regulated immune pathways including the intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A (IgA) production (<em>CD28</em>). Meanwhile, in the jejunum epithelium, SB regulated pathways related to nutritional metabolism including nitrogen metabolism (<em>CA1, CA2, CA3</em>), synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies (<em>HMGCS2, BDH1</em>, <em>LOC100295719</em>), fat digestion and absorption (<em>PLA2G2F, APOA1, APOA4</em>), and the PPAR signaling pathway (<em>FABP4, FABP6, CYP4A11</em>). The metagenome showed that SB greatly increased the relative abundance of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Eubacterium limosum</em>, activated ruminal microbial carbohydrate metabolism pathways and increased the abundance of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes. In conclusion, butyrate exhibited promoting effects on growth and gastrointestinal development by inhibiting inflammation, enhancing immunity and energy harvesting, and activating microbial carbohydrate metabolism. These findings provide new insights into the potential mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of butyrate in calf nutrition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 88-100"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fb/4e/main.PMC10300058.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9737513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of restricted feeding on hen performance, egg quality and organ characteristics of individual laying hens","authors":"Doreen O. Anene ,&nbsp;Yeasmin Akter ,&nbsp;Peter C. Thomson ,&nbsp;Peter Groves ,&nbsp;Cormac J. O'Shea","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study was to assess the impact of permanent or temporary restricted feeding on laying hen production traits, physiology, and egg quality. Two hundred and forty individually housed ISA Brown hens were monitored across 2 phases, assigned to 3 treatments: ad libitum feeding (ALF), temporary restricted feeding (TRF) and permanent restricted feeding (PRF), <em>n</em> = 80 hens per treatment. In Phase 1 (P1), 22 to 40 weeks, the TRF and PRF hens were offered 115 g of feed daily. In Phase 2 (P2), 41 to 46 weeks, the TRF hens were transitioned to ALF status while the ALF and PRF hens remained as in P1. From 35 to 40 weeks, eggs were collected once weekly from 15 hens per treatment and assessed for differences in albumen, yolk, and shell variables. At 45 weeks, 10 hens each from the ALF and PRF groups were euthanized and differences in organ characteristics were assessed. In P1, feed intake, feed to egg conversion ratio and body weight (BW) change were lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), while albumen height and Haugh unit were higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) in both PRF and TRF hen treatments compared to hens allocated the ALF treatment. In P2, TRF and ALF hens had a higher egg production and egg mass than PRF (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) than ALF. Body weight change in P2 was higher in TRF and similar in both ALF and PRF, while feed intake and feed conversion ratio were higher in TRF followed by ALF and least in the PRF treatment group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). At 45 weeks ALF hens had a greater abdominal fat pad weight and fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome lesion score compared to PRF. Restricting hens to 115 g of feed per day from point of lay restrained BW, improved feed conversion ratio and albumen quality and reduced abdominal fat pad deposition and clinical signs of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome in individually housed laying hens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 141-151"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f5/75/main.PMC10338298.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary lysozyme improves growth performance and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets","authors":"Yuying Wu ,&nbsp;Bei Cheng ,&nbsp;Longxiang Ji ,&nbsp;Xiangyun Lv ,&nbsp;Yingying Feng ,&nbsp;Liu’an Li ,&nbsp;Xin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lysozyme (LZ) is a purely natural, nonpolluting and nonspecific immune factor, which has beneficial effects on the healthy development of animals. In this study, the influences of LZ on the growth performance and intestinal barrier of weaned piglets were studied. A total of 48 weaned piglets (Landrace × Yorkshire, 22 d old) were randomly divided into a control group (basal diet) and a LZ group (0.1% LZ diet) for 19 d. The results showed that LZ could significantly improve the average daily gain (ADG, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and average daily feed intake (ADFI, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). LZ also improved the intestinal morphology and significantly increased the expression of occludin in the jejunum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, LZ down-regulated the expression of interleukin-1β (<em>IL-1β</em>, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor-α (<em>TNF-α</em>, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and inhibited the expression of the genes in the nuclear factor-k-gene binding (<em>NF-κB</em>, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) signaling pathway. More importantly, the analysis of intestinal flora showed LZ increased the abundance of Firmicutes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidota (<em>P</em> = 0.09) at the phylum level, and increased the abundance of <em>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and reduced the abundance of <em>Olsenella</em> and <em>Prevotella</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) at the genus level. In short, this study proved that LZ could effectively improve the growth performance, relieve inflammation and improve the intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. These findings provided an important theoretical basis for the application of LZ in pig production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 249-258"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/76/76/main.PMC10472418.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10150815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of non-bound amino acid inclusions and starch-protein digestive dynamics on growth performance of broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets with two crude protein concentrations","authors":"Shemil P. Macelline ,&nbsp;Michael T. Kidd ,&nbsp;Peter V. Chrystal ,&nbsp;Mehdi Toghyani ,&nbsp;Peter H. Selle ,&nbsp;Sonia Y. Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The primary objective of this study was to investigate the influence of high and low inclusions of non-bound amino acid (NBAA) in standard and reduced-crude protein (CP), wheat-based diets on growth performance in broiler chickens. Dietary treatments were formulated to either 210 or 180 g/kg CP. The 210 g/kg CP diets contained either 12.1 or 21.1 g/kg NBAA and 180 g/kg CP diets contained either 44.0 or 55.5 g/kg NBAA. The formulations also generated different dietary starch:protein ratios which impacted on starch-protein digestive dynamics. Each of the four dietary treatments were offered to 7 replicates of 15 birds housed in floor pens from 14 to 35 days post-hatch or a total of 420 male Ross 308 chickens. Growth performance, relative abdominal fat-pad weights, breast muscle and leg shank yields were determined. Ileal starch and protein (N) digestibility coefficients, disappearance rates and starch:protein disappearance rate ratios were defined. Apparent ileal digestibility coefficients and disappearance rates of 16 amino acids were determined at 35 days post-hatch and free concentrations of 20 amino acids in systemic plasma were determined at 34 days post-hatch. The transition from 210 to 180 g/kg CP diets depressed weight gain by 11.3% (1742 versus 1964 g/bird) and FCR by 10.4% (1.606 versus 1.455), although both parameters were subject to treatment interactions. The treatment interaction (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) observed for FCR was because high NBAA inclusions significantly improved FCR by 4.17% (1.424 versus 1.486) in birds offered 210 g/kg CP diets, but significantly depressed FCR by 3.36% (1.632 versus 1.579) in 180 g/kg CP diets. A quadratic relationship (<em>r</em> = 0.860; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) between dietary NBAA inclusions and FCR was detected, which indicated that when NBAA inclusions exceed 18.5 g/kg efficiency of feed conversion deteriorated. However, a multiple linear regression (<em>r</em> = 0.913; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) was detected for FCR where both NBAA inclusions and analysed dietary starch:protein ratios were significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) related to FCR. This relationship indicates that growth performance of broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets is strongly influenced by dietary NBAA inclusions coupled with dietary starch:protein ratios and consideration is given to the possible underlying mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"15 ","pages":"Pages 399-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240565452300104X/pdfft?md5=06edcc59c26fa9c5302de602a8b37730&pid=1-s2.0-S240565452300104X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46044810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Transparent Testa8 (TT8) gene and Homeobox12 (HB12) gene silencing in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on molecular structure spectral profile in relation to energy, degradation, and fermentation characteristics in ruminant systems","authors":"Yaogeng Lei ,&nbsp;Abdelali Hannoufa ,&nbsp;Peiqiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.) is a legume forage that is widely cultivated owing to its high biomass yield and favorable nutrient values. However, alfalfa contains relatively high lignin, which limits its utilization. Downregulation of two transcriptional factors, Transparent Testa8 (<em>TT8</em>) and Homeobox12 (<em>HB12</em>), has been proposed to reduce lignin content in alfalfa. Therefore, silencing of <em>TT8</em> (<em>TT8</em>i) and <em>HB12</em> <em>(HB12</em>i) in alfalfa was achieved by RNAi technology. The objective of this project was to determine effect of gene modification through silencing of <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes in alfalfa plants on lignin and phenolic content, bioenergic value, nutrient supply from rumen degradable and undegradable fractions, and in vitro ammonia production in response to the silencing of <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes in alfalfa. All gene silenced alfalfa plants (5 <em>TT8</em>i and 11 <em>HB12</em>i) were grown under greenhouse conditions with wild type as a control. Samples were analyzed for bioactive compounds, degradation fractions, truly digestible nutrients, energetic values and in vitro ammonia productions in ruminant systems. Furthermore, relationships between physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics and molecular spectral parameters were determined using vibrational molecular spectroscopy. Results showed that the <em>HB12</em>i had higher lignin, while <em>TT8</em>i had higher phenolics. Both silenced genotypes had higher rumen slowly degraded carbohydrate fractions and truly digestible neutral detergent fiber, but lower rumen degradable protein fractions. Moreover, the <em>HB12</em>i had lower truly digestible crude protein, energetic values and ammonia production compared with other silenced genotypes. In addition, in relation to the nutritive values of alfalfa, structural carbohydrate parameters were negatively correlated, whereas alpha/beta ratio in protein structure was positively correlated. Furthermore, good predictions were obtained for degradation of protein and carbohydrate fractions and energy values from molecular spectral parameters. In conclusion, silencing of the <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes decreased protein availability and increased fiber availability. Silencing of the <em>HB12</em> gene also increased lignin and decreased energy and rumen ammonia production. Moreover, nutritional alterations were closely correlated with molecular spectral parameters. Therefore, gene modification through silencing the <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes in alfalfa influenced physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 79-87"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50194182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal sodium acetate supplementation promotes lactation performance of sows and their offspring growth performance","authors":"Yingao Qi ,&nbsp;Tenghui Zheng ,&nbsp;Siwang Yang ,&nbsp;Qianzi Zhang ,&nbsp;Baofeng Li ,&nbsp;Xiangfang Zeng ,&nbsp;Yongxing Zhong ,&nbsp;Fang Chen ,&nbsp;Wutai Guan ,&nbsp;Shihai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Milk yield and composition are critical determining factors for the early growth and development of neonates. The objective of this experiment was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of dietary sodium acetate (SA) supplementation on the milk yield and composition of sows and the growth performance of their offspring. A total of 80 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, 3 to 6 parity) were randomly assigned to 2 groups (with or without 0.1% SA) from d 85 of gestation to d 21 of lactation. The result shows that maternal 0.1% SA supplementation significantly increased sows milk yield, milk fat, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG content in milk (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), with the up-regulation of short-chain fatty acids receptors (GPR41 and GPR43) expression and the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex C1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway. Consistently, in our in vitro experiment, SA also activated mTORC1 signaling in porcine mammary epithelial cells (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the improvement of milk quality and quantity caused by maternal SA supplementation led to the increase in body weight (BW) and average daily weight gain (ADG) of weaning piglets, with the improvement of gut health and colonization of the beneficial bacteria (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, maternal supplementation of 0.1% SA improved the lactation performance (milk yield and milk fat) of sows, possibly with the activation of GPR41/GPR43-mTORC1 signaling. Furthermore, enhanced milk quality improved growth performance, gut health and the colonization of beneficial microbial flora of their piglets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 213-224"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d5/0e/main.PMC10362078.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9864401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porcine intestinal antimicrobial peptide as an in-feed antibiotic alternative improves intestinal digestion and immunity by shaping the gut microbiota in weaned piglets","authors":"Fengjie Ji ,&nbsp;Huansheng Yang ,&nbsp;Qiye Wang ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Li ,&nbsp;Hanlin Zhou ,&nbsp;Shengmin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antibiotic resistance of pathogens, which is caused by the abuse of in-feed antibiotics, threatens the sustainable development of livestock production. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of porcine intestinal antimicrobial peptide (PIAP) as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in terms of growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzymes and immunity, and microbiota community of the post-weaning piglets. A total of 204 piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, weaned at 28 d age) with a similar body weight of 7.97 ± 1.04 kg were randomly allocated to 4 groups (51 piglets per group): (1) control group: basal diet; (2) AB group: antibiotic, basal diet + chlortetracycline (1000 mg/kg from d 1 to 24; 500 mg/kg from d 25 to 37); (3) P1 group: basal diet + a relatively low dose of PIAP (400 mg/kg from d 1 to 24; 300 mg/kg from d 25 to 37); (4) P2 group, basal diet + a relatively high dose of PIAP (600 mg/kg from d 1 to 24; 500 mg/kg from d 25 to 37). The results showed that serum indicators of hepatocyte damage and relative organ weight were not affected by these treatments (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Compared with the AB treatment, the P1 treatment remarkably decreased jejunal crypt depth and increased jejunal and ileal villus height:crypt depth ratio (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The values of jejunal maltase, lactase, sucrase, intestinal alkaline phosphatase, and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in the P1 group were sharply increased compared with those in the control and P2 groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Compared with the control group, the P1 group decreased serum concentrations of D-lactate, diamine oxidase, and endotoxin (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and increased the abundance of <em>Lactobacillus reuteri</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in the colonic feces. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the abundance of <em>L. reuteri</em> and the concentrations of maltase, lactase, sucrase, and SIgA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Collectively, dietary supplementation with a relatively low dose of PIAP (400 mg/kg from d 1 to 24; 300 mg/kg from d 25 to 37) demonstrates beneficial effects on intestinal morphology, digestive enzymes, immunity, and permeability by shaping the gut microbiota composition in weaned piglets. This study will provide a valuable reference for using PIAP as an in-feed antibiotic alternative in swine production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":"14 ","pages":"Pages 43-55"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2c/2b/main.PMC10208801.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9528858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}