{"title":"透明Testa8(TT8)基因和Homeobox12(HB12)基因沉默对反刍动物系统中能量、降解和发酵特性相关分子结构谱的影响","authors":"Yaogeng Lei , Abdelali Hannoufa , Peiqiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.010","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.) is a legume forage that is widely cultivated owing to its high biomass yield and favorable nutrient values. However, alfalfa contains relatively high lignin, which limits its utilization. Downregulation of two transcriptional factors, Transparent Testa8 (<em>TT8</em>) and Homeobox12 (<em>HB12</em>), has been proposed to reduce lignin content in alfalfa. Therefore, silencing of <em>TT8</em> (<em>TT8</em>i) and <em>HB12</em> <em>(HB12</em>i) in alfalfa was achieved by RNAi technology. The objective of this project was to determine effect of gene modification through silencing of <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes in alfalfa plants on lignin and phenolic content, bioenergic value, nutrient supply from rumen degradable and undegradable fractions, and in vitro ammonia production in response to the silencing of <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes in alfalfa. All gene silenced alfalfa plants (5 <em>TT8</em>i and 11 <em>HB12</em>i) were grown under greenhouse conditions with wild type as a control. Samples were analyzed for bioactive compounds, degradation fractions, truly digestible nutrients, energetic values and in vitro ammonia productions in ruminant systems. Furthermore, relationships between physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics and molecular spectral parameters were determined using vibrational molecular spectroscopy. Results showed that the <em>HB12</em>i had higher lignin, while <em>TT8</em>i had higher phenolics. Both silenced genotypes had higher rumen slowly degraded carbohydrate fractions and truly digestible neutral detergent fiber, but lower rumen degradable protein fractions. Moreover, the <em>HB12</em>i had lower truly digestible crude protein, energetic values and ammonia production compared with other silenced genotypes. In addition, in relation to the nutritive values of alfalfa, structural carbohydrate parameters were negatively correlated, whereas alpha/beta ratio in protein structure was positively correlated. Furthermore, good predictions were obtained for degradation of protein and carbohydrate fractions and energy values from molecular spectral parameters. In conclusion, silencing of the <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes decreased protein availability and increased fiber availability. Silencing of the <em>HB12</em> gene also increased lignin and decreased energy and rumen ammonia production. Moreover, nutritional alterations were closely correlated with molecular spectral parameters. Therefore, gene modification through silencing the <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes in alfalfa influenced physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":62604,"journal":{"name":"Animal Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of Transparent Testa8 (TT8) gene and Homeobox12 (HB12) gene silencing in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on molecular structure spectral profile in relation to energy, degradation, and fermentation characteristics in ruminant systems\",\"authors\":\"Yaogeng Lei , Abdelali Hannoufa , Peiqiang Yu\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.aninu.2023.02.010\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.) is a legume forage that is widely cultivated owing to its high biomass yield and favorable nutrient values. However, alfalfa contains relatively high lignin, which limits its utilization. Downregulation of two transcriptional factors, Transparent Testa8 (<em>TT8</em>) and Homeobox12 (<em>HB12</em>), has been proposed to reduce lignin content in alfalfa. Therefore, silencing of <em>TT8</em> (<em>TT8</em>i) and <em>HB12</em> <em>(HB12</em>i) in alfalfa was achieved by RNAi technology. The objective of this project was to determine effect of gene modification through silencing of <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes in alfalfa plants on lignin and phenolic content, bioenergic value, nutrient supply from rumen degradable and undegradable fractions, and in vitro ammonia production in response to the silencing of <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes in alfalfa. All gene silenced alfalfa plants (5 <em>TT8</em>i and 11 <em>HB12</em>i) were grown under greenhouse conditions with wild type as a control. Samples were analyzed for bioactive compounds, degradation fractions, truly digestible nutrients, energetic values and in vitro ammonia productions in ruminant systems. Furthermore, relationships between physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics and molecular spectral parameters were determined using vibrational molecular spectroscopy. Results showed that the <em>HB12</em>i had higher lignin, while <em>TT8</em>i had higher phenolics. Both silenced genotypes had higher rumen slowly degraded carbohydrate fractions and truly digestible neutral detergent fiber, but lower rumen degradable protein fractions. Moreover, the <em>HB12</em>i had lower truly digestible crude protein, energetic values and ammonia production compared with other silenced genotypes. In addition, in relation to the nutritive values of alfalfa, structural carbohydrate parameters were negatively correlated, whereas alpha/beta ratio in protein structure was positively correlated. Furthermore, good predictions were obtained for degradation of protein and carbohydrate fractions and energy values from molecular spectral parameters. In conclusion, silencing of the <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes decreased protein availability and increased fiber availability. Silencing of the <em>HB12</em> gene also increased lignin and decreased energy and rumen ammonia production. Moreover, nutritional alterations were closely correlated with molecular spectral parameters. Therefore, gene modification through silencing the <em>TT8</em> and <em>HB12</em> genes in alfalfa influenced physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":62604,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Animal Nutrition\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-09-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Animal Nutrition\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1091\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240565452300029X\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Animal Nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"1091","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240565452300029X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of Transparent Testa8 (TT8) gene and Homeobox12 (HB12) gene silencing in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on molecular structure spectral profile in relation to energy, degradation, and fermentation characteristics in ruminant systems
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a legume forage that is widely cultivated owing to its high biomass yield and favorable nutrient values. However, alfalfa contains relatively high lignin, which limits its utilization. Downregulation of two transcriptional factors, Transparent Testa8 (TT8) and Homeobox12 (HB12), has been proposed to reduce lignin content in alfalfa. Therefore, silencing of TT8 (TT8i) and HB12(HB12i) in alfalfa was achieved by RNAi technology. The objective of this project was to determine effect of gene modification through silencing of TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa plants on lignin and phenolic content, bioenergic value, nutrient supply from rumen degradable and undegradable fractions, and in vitro ammonia production in response to the silencing of TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa. All gene silenced alfalfa plants (5 TT8i and 11 HB12i) were grown under greenhouse conditions with wild type as a control. Samples were analyzed for bioactive compounds, degradation fractions, truly digestible nutrients, energetic values and in vitro ammonia productions in ruminant systems. Furthermore, relationships between physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics and molecular spectral parameters were determined using vibrational molecular spectroscopy. Results showed that the HB12i had higher lignin, while TT8i had higher phenolics. Both silenced genotypes had higher rumen slowly degraded carbohydrate fractions and truly digestible neutral detergent fiber, but lower rumen degradable protein fractions. Moreover, the HB12i had lower truly digestible crude protein, energetic values and ammonia production compared with other silenced genotypes. In addition, in relation to the nutritive values of alfalfa, structural carbohydrate parameters were negatively correlated, whereas alpha/beta ratio in protein structure was positively correlated. Furthermore, good predictions were obtained for degradation of protein and carbohydrate fractions and energy values from molecular spectral parameters. In conclusion, silencing of the TT8 and HB12 genes decreased protein availability and increased fiber availability. Silencing of the HB12 gene also increased lignin and decreased energy and rumen ammonia production. Moreover, nutritional alterations were closely correlated with molecular spectral parameters. Therefore, gene modification through silencing the TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa influenced physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics.
期刊介绍:
Animal Nutrition encompasses the full gamut of animal nutritional sciences and reviews including, but not limited to, fundamental aspects of animal nutrition such as nutritional requirements, metabolic studies, body composition, energetics, immunology, neuroscience, microbiology, genetics and molecular and cell biology related to primarily to the nutrition of farm animals and aquatic species. More applied aspects of animal nutrition, such as the evaluation of novel ingredients, feed additives and feed safety will also be considered but it is expected that such studies will have a strong nutritional focus. Animal Nutrition is indexed in SCIE, PubMed Central, Scopus, DOAJ, etc.