{"title":"Relational Quantum Mechanics and (Soft) Perspectivism","authors":"Niccolò Covoni, Vincenzo Fano, Marco Sanchioni","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00906-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00906-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the role of perspectivism in Relational Quantum Mechanics, situating it within the broader landscape of quantum interpretations and the scientific realism debate. We argue that, while interpretations such as QBism embrace strong forms of perspectivism, Relational Quantum Mechanics adopts a “soft” perspectivism, limiting the observer’s role to selecting experimental contexts without compromising its realist framework. We also explore the historical roots of Relational Quantum Mechanics, showing that relational ideas in the works of Bohr and other pioneers similarly avoided strong perspectivist commitments. By analyzing both contemporary and historical perspectives, we argue that Relational Quantum Mechanics offers a minimalist yet robust relational interpretation, distinct from more subjectivist approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00906-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145778854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perspectives on Quantum Theory","authors":"David Glick","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00904-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00904-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper considers the prospects for a quantum perspectivism that seeks to reconcile competing approaches to quantum theory as distinct scientific perspectives on quantum reality. In other areas of the philosophy of science, perspectivism holds the promise of a way to embrace pluralism without contradiction—what appear to be competing theories can be accepted because they each provide a distinct “window on the same reality.” The contemporary situation in quantum foundations is arguably a case of underdetermination. If this is so, this brand of perspectivism may offer a resolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145730325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Unitarity to Irreversibility: The Role of Infinite Tensor Products and Nested Wigner’s Friends","authors":"Karl Svozil","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00903-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00903-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transition from unitary, reversible von Neumann-Everett quantum processes to non-unitary, irreversible processes and measurements is explored through infinite tensor products interpreted as nested, chained, or iterated Wigner’s friend scenarios. Infinite tensor products can disrupt unitary equivalence through sectorization and factorization, drawing parallels to concepts from real analysis, recursive mathematics, and statistical physics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00903-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adamantia Zampeli, Georgios E. Pavlou, Petros Wallden
{"title":"Contrary Inferences for Classical Histories within the Consistent Histories Formulation of Quantum Theory","authors":"Adamantia Zampeli, Georgios E. Pavlou, Petros Wallden","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00902-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00902-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the histories formulation of quantum theory, sets of coarse-grained histories that are consistent obey the classical probability rules. It has been argued that these sets can describe the quasi-classical behaviour of <i>closed</i> quantum systems, e.g. Omnès (Rev. Mod. Phys. <b>64</b>(2), 339, 1992) and Hartle (Les Houches1992). Most physical scenarios admit multiple different consistent sets and one can view each of these as a separate context. Using propositions from different consistent sets to make inferences leads to paradoxes such as contrary inferences, first noted by Kent (Phys. Rev. Lett. <b>78</b>(15), 2874, 1997). In this contribution, we use the consistent histories to describe a quasi-classical and macroscopic system to show that paradoxes involving contextuality persist even in the quasi-classical limit. This is distinctively different from the contextuality of standard quantum theory, where the contextuality paradoxes do not persist in the quasi-classical limit. Specifically, we consider different consistent sets for the arrival time problem of a (quasi-classical) ball in an infinite square well. For this setting, we construct two different consistent sets. We find the probabilities that each consistent set assigns to the simple question of whether the ball ever crossed the middle of the interval. We show that one consistent set concludes with certainty that the ball crossed it while the other consistent set concludes with certainty that it did not. Our results point to the need for constraints on the histories sets, additional to the consistency condition, to recover the correct quasi-classical limit in this formalism and lead to the motto ‘all consistent sets are equal’, but ‘some consistent sets are more equal than others’.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00902-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145675391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relativity: A Matter of Causality","authors":"Antonio Pineda","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00897-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00897-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We take causality and uniqueness of events observation as our driving forces. They are embedded in the way we define distinct observers, which then require a finite time to communicate between each other. This inevitably leads to the existence of a maximal transfer-information velocity between arbitrary (not necessarily inertial) reference frames. Inertial reference frames are defined by fixing the geometrical properties of (spatial) distance without any reference to relativity, electromagnetism, or laws of physics in general. For these inertial reference frames, the causality condition fixes the causal group to be the orthochronous inhomogeneous Lorentz group times dilatations. The mathematics we will use are quite basic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00897-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145612889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Khalili Golmankhaneh, Roman Pasechnik, Palle E. T. Jørgensen, Shuming Li
{"title":"Fractal Quantum Nambu Mechanics","authors":"Alireza Khalili Golmankhaneh, Roman Pasechnik, Palle E. T. Jørgensen, Shuming Li","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00901-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00901-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper develops a comprehensive framework for the extension of classical and quantum mechanics to fractal settings. We begin by summarizing the classical formulation of Fractal Nambu Mechanics and then introduce its quantization. The Fractal Hamilton-Jacobi Theory is established to describe dynamical systems evolving over fractal time and space, followed by a fractal generalization of the quantum Hamilton-Jacobi framework. We further formulate the Fractal Nambu-Hamilton-Jacobi Theory and propose its quantum counterpart–the Quantum Fractal Nambu-Hamilton-Jacobi Theory. These constructions demonstrate how the structure of Nambu mechanics, when combined with local fractal calculus, can provide new insights into systems with multiple invariants and non-smooth geometric evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fisher Information and Quantum Origins of the Adiabatic Law","authors":"A. Plastino, F. Pennini","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00899-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00899-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We revisit the classical adiabatic law from the perspective of Fisher information geometry. While the link between Fisher information and thermodynamic fluctuations is well established, we show here that the adiabatic exponent <span>(upgamma)</span> admits a new interpretation as quantifying the relative stiffness of energy and volume fluctuations. Within this framework, the law <span>(PV^upgamma = mathrm {const.})</span> emerges as a <i>geodesic constraint</i> in thermodynamic state space, providing a conceptual bridge between microscopic fluctuation geometry and macroscopic dynamical invariants. This reinterpretation elevates adiabaticity from a phenomenological rule to an information-theoretic principle, with potential applications to fluctuation control in cold-atom platforms, quantum metrology, and finite-time thermodynamics. Our present results highlight how classical thermodynamic laws can be rederived as emergent signatures of Fisher-geometric structure, opening a pathway toward unifying epistemic and ontic perspectives on thermodynamic order.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145561763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generalized Aharonov-Bohm Effect","authors":"Shan Gao","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00900-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00900-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect highlights the fundamental role of electromagnetic potentials in quantum mechanics, manifesting as a phase shift for a charged particle in field-free regions. While well-established for static magnetic fluxes, the effect’s behavior under time-varying fluxes remains an open and debated question. Employing the WKB method, we derive the AB phase shift for a time-dependent magnetic vector potential, demonstrating that for circular paths in the quasistatic regime, it is proportional to the time-averaged enclosed magnetic flux, <span>(Delta phi _textrm{AB} = frac{1}{T} int _0^T e Phi (t) , dt)</span>, with the total phase shift, including kinetic contributions, equaling <span>(e Phi (0))</span>. For non-circular paths, the phase shift depends on both the flux history and path geometry, revealing the effect’s hybrid nature involving gauge potentials and induced electric fields. We verify the consistency of our gauge choice with Maxwell’s equations and discuss the implications for local versus nonlocal interpretations of the AB effect. We also generalize the results to scenarios with nonzero external magnetic fields, where the enclosed flux is through the actual electron paths, and for circular paths of radius <i>R</i>, the AB phase shift is also proportional to the time average of the enclosed flux <span>(Phi _textrm{enc}(R,t))</span>, with the total phase shift depending only on the initial enclosed flux <span>(e Phi _textrm{enc}(R,0))</span>; for general non-circular paths, the external magnetic field affects trajectories and phase accumulation through the Lorentz force, leading to additional path dependence. These findings clarify the role of gauge-dependent potentials and induced fields in the generalized AB effect, offering new theoretical insights and potential applications in quantum technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145561788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Causal Model of the Hydrogen Atom - New Electron Orbits","authors":"P. N. Kaloyerou, M. Chiboli, M. Mukutulu","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00898-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00898-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this article we develop in detail a causal model of the hydrogen atom, building on the earlier work of Dewdney and Malik in which they outlined a causal model of the hydrogen atom, focusing more on a causal model of angular momentum measurement and of the EPR experiment. We interpret the resulting formulae differently leading to new electron orbits. We develop in detail the relationship between electron orbits, angular momentum and the quantum potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emergence of Gravitational Potential and Time Dilation from Non-interacting Systems Coupled to a Global Quantum Clock","authors":"Ashmeet Singh, Oliver Friedrich","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00893-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10701-025-00893-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study gravitational back-reaction within the Page-Wootters formulation of quantum mechanics by treating time as a quantum degree of freedom. Our model introduces a distinction between global “coordinate time,” represented as a relational quantum observable, and “proper time,” measured by internal quantum degrees of freedom of physical systems. By coupling mass-energy with coordinate time through a Wheeler-DeWitt-like constraint, we demonstrate the natural emergence of gravitational time dilation. In the presence of a massive object this agrees with time dilation in a Schwarzchild metric at leading order if the interaction strength is taken to be representative of the gravitational coupling <i>G</i>. Additionally, when two particles independently couple to the time coordinate, a Newtonian gravitational interaction arises in the low-energy limit, showing how gravitational potential can emerge from non-interacting quantum systems. Our approach also reveals renormalization features, potentially softening high-energy divergences and suggesting that particles in superposition might introduce quantum corrections to gravitational time dilation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145456325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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