{"title":"“万物方程”的平面波解","authors":"Robert A. Close","doi":"10.1007/s10701-025-00839-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plane waves of spin angular momentum density in an ideal elastic solid are analyzed using vector and bispinor descriptions. In both classical and quantum physics, spin density is the axial vector field whose curl is equal to twice the incompressible intrinsic momentum density. The second-order vector wave equation assumes that temporal changes of spin density in an ideal elastic solid are attributable to convection, rotation, and torque density. The corresponding first-order wave equation for Dirac bispinors incorporates terms describing wave propagation, convection, rotations of the medium and rotations of wave velocity relative to the medium. The two rotation terms are also operators for rotational kinetic energy and conventional potential energy, respectively. The potential energy corresponds to half the mass term of the free electron Dirac equation. Bispinor plane wave solutions are constructed consistent with the usual dynamical operators of relativistic quantum mechanics. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian densities are also constructed with each term having a clear classical physics interpretation. The intrinsic momentum associated with the Belinfante–Rosenfeld stress tensor is explained. Application to elementary particles is discussed, including classical physics analogues of the Pauli exclusion principle, interaction potentials, fermions, bosons, and antimatter.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":569,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Physics","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00839-0.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Plane Wave Solutions to a Proposed “Equation of Everything”\",\"authors\":\"Robert A. Close\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10701-025-00839-0\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Plane waves of spin angular momentum density in an ideal elastic solid are analyzed using vector and bispinor descriptions. In both classical and quantum physics, spin density is the axial vector field whose curl is equal to twice the incompressible intrinsic momentum density. The second-order vector wave equation assumes that temporal changes of spin density in an ideal elastic solid are attributable to convection, rotation, and torque density. The corresponding first-order wave equation for Dirac bispinors incorporates terms describing wave propagation, convection, rotations of the medium and rotations of wave velocity relative to the medium. The two rotation terms are also operators for rotational kinetic energy and conventional potential energy, respectively. The potential energy corresponds to half the mass term of the free electron Dirac equation. Bispinor plane wave solutions are constructed consistent with the usual dynamical operators of relativistic quantum mechanics. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian densities are also constructed with each term having a clear classical physics interpretation. The intrinsic momentum associated with the Belinfante–Rosenfeld stress tensor is explained. Application to elementary particles is discussed, including classical physics analogues of the Pauli exclusion principle, interaction potentials, fermions, bosons, and antimatter.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":569,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Foundations of Physics\",\"volume\":\"55 2\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-03-27\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10701-025-00839-0.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Foundations of Physics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10701-025-00839-0\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Foundations of Physics","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10701-025-00839-0","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Plane Wave Solutions to a Proposed “Equation of Everything”
Plane waves of spin angular momentum density in an ideal elastic solid are analyzed using vector and bispinor descriptions. In both classical and quantum physics, spin density is the axial vector field whose curl is equal to twice the incompressible intrinsic momentum density. The second-order vector wave equation assumes that temporal changes of spin density in an ideal elastic solid are attributable to convection, rotation, and torque density. The corresponding first-order wave equation for Dirac bispinors incorporates terms describing wave propagation, convection, rotations of the medium and rotations of wave velocity relative to the medium. The two rotation terms are also operators for rotational kinetic energy and conventional potential energy, respectively. The potential energy corresponds to half the mass term of the free electron Dirac equation. Bispinor plane wave solutions are constructed consistent with the usual dynamical operators of relativistic quantum mechanics. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian densities are also constructed with each term having a clear classical physics interpretation. The intrinsic momentum associated with the Belinfante–Rosenfeld stress tensor is explained. Application to elementary particles is discussed, including classical physics analogues of the Pauli exclusion principle, interaction potentials, fermions, bosons, and antimatter.
期刊介绍:
The conceptual foundations of physics have been under constant revision from the outset, and remain so today. Discussion of foundational issues has always been a major source of progress in science, on a par with empirical knowledge and mathematics. Examples include the debates on the nature of space and time involving Newton and later Einstein; on the nature of heat and of energy; on irreversibility and probability due to Boltzmann; on the nature of matter and observation measurement during the early days of quantum theory; on the meaning of renormalisation, and many others.
Today, insightful reflection on the conceptual structure utilised in our efforts to understand the physical world is of particular value, given the serious unsolved problems that are likely to demand, once again, modifications of the grammar of our scientific description of the physical world. The quantum properties of gravity, the nature of measurement in quantum mechanics, the primary source of irreversibility, the role of information in physics – all these are examples of questions about which science is still confused and whose solution may well demand more than skilled mathematics and new experiments.
Foundations of Physics is a privileged forum for discussing such foundational issues, open to physicists, cosmologists, philosophers and mathematicians. It is devoted to the conceptual bases of the fundamental theories of physics and cosmology, to their logical, methodological, and philosophical premises.
The journal welcomes papers on issues such as the foundations of special and general relativity, quantum theory, classical and quantum field theory, quantum gravity, unified theories, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, cosmology, and similar.