Foundations of Chemistry最新文献_第6页

On how some fundamental chemical concepts are correlated by arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means 一些基本的化学概念是如何通过算术、几何和调和的方法联系起来的

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09466-x

Francesco Di Giacomo

引用次数: 0

Revolutions in science, revolutions in chemistry 科学革命，化学革命

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09467-w

Jeffrey I. Seeman

引用次数: 1

Why do prima facie intuitive theories work in organic chemistry? 为什么直观理论在有机化学中起作用?

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09470-1

Hirofumi Ochiai

{"title":"Why do prima facie intuitive theories work in organic chemistry?","authors":"Hirofumi Ochiai","doi":"10.1007/s10698-023-09470-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-023-09470-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In modern German ‘Anschauung’ is translated as intuition. But in Kant’s technical philosophical context, it means an intuition derived from previous visualizations of physical processes in the world of perceptions. The nineteenth century chemists’ predilection for Kantian Anschauung led them to develop an intuitive representation of what exists beyond the bounds of the senses. Molecular structure is one of the illuminating outcomes. (Ochiai 2021, pp. 1–51) This mental habit seems to be dominant among chemists even in the twentieth century, as is illustrated by the electronic theory of organic chemistry and the frontier orbital theory as well. The former assumes that (1) bonds are paired electrons shared by bonded atoms—in fact, electrons in molecules are not localized in bonds; (2) the difference of electronegativities between bonded atoms causes electron drifts—expressed by the curly arrow—that result in bond formation or bond cleavage. The latter focuses on the orbitals that make the greatest contribution to the energy of a system undergoing electron delocalization, while the LCAO method says, as is suggested by the word Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals, molecular orbitals should be constructed from all of the atomic orbitals that have the appropriate symmetry. In other words, every molecular orbital contributes to some extent to the electronic state of a molecule. The curly arrow in the electronic theory and the orbital lobe in the frontier orbital theory illustrate an intuitive character of these theories. Although both theories rely on such simple and qualitative models rather than mathematically rigid quantum mechanical calculations, they are successful in explaining, predicting, and designing chemical reactions. What makes these <i>prima facie</i> intuitive theories so successful? In this study we address this problem from a historical and philosophical as well as scientific point of view. The key to solve this problem is that they are concerned with only bond formation or bond cleavage, in which the localized-bond principle holds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 3","pages":"359 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77827493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interpreting the bonding of B2H6 and the nature of the 3-center-2-electron bond: decisive test of theory of valency 解释B2H6的成键和3中心2电子键的性质:价理论的决定性检验

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09469-8

Gareth R. Eaton

引用次数: 1

The poetry of the universe, the periodic table, and the scientific progress: a review of new studies on the periodic table of the elements 宇宙之诗、元素周期表与科学进步:元素周期表新研究述评

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09468-9

Klaus Ferdinand Gärditz

{"title":"The poetry of the universe, the periodic table, and the scientific progress: a review of new studies on the periodic table of the elements","authors":"Klaus Ferdinand Gärditz","doi":"10.1007/s10698-023-09468-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-023-09468-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 1869, two distinguished scientists, Dimitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer, discovered a certain periodicity among the chemical characteristics of the then known elements. Both developed first versions of the periodic table, independently. In the wake of the 150th anniversary, UNESCO proclaimed 2019 the “International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements”. Two lucid and detailed studies on the periodic table—accompanied by smaller studies on the occasion of the anniversary—have been published, recently, one of them analysing the scientific history, contributing to the (philosophical) theory of science (Eric Scerri), the other analysing the structures, patterns, and irregularities of the table (Geoff Rayner-Canham). Both studies are profound and vivid examples how scientific progress works. They illustrate that even in hard sciences—mirroring Merton’s concept of middle range theory—the required degree of exactness can remain on an intermediate level, as imperfection allows interpretations which could not (yet) be reached by pure mathematics and logic. Both of these brilliant studies provide valuable material, especially for a social science, to better understand how scientific ideas develop, how the power of visualization helps shape ideas, and how contingency is absorbed by the scientific process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 2","pages":"269 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10698-023-09468-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4511581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On a unified theory of acids and bases: Hasok Chang, Eric R. Scerri, modern theoretical chemistry, and the philosophy of chemistry 论酸碱统一理论:张哈素、埃里克·r·塞里、现代理论化学和化学哲学

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09456-5

Dean J. Tantillo, Jeffrey I. Seeman

{"title":"On a unified theory of acids and bases: Hasok Chang, Eric R. Scerri, modern theoretical chemistry, and the philosophy of chemistry","authors":"Dean J. Tantillo, Jeffrey I. Seeman","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09456-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-022-09456-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent publications by several leading philosophers of chemistry have focused on the definition, scope, utility, and nomenclature of issues dealing with acidity and basicity. In this paper, molecular orbital theory is used to explain all acid–base reactions, concluding that the interaction of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of one substrate, “the base,” with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of a second substrate, “the acid,” determines the reactivity of such systems. This paradigm provides an understanding of all acid–base reactions as well as other reactions which, on the surface, may not seem like acid–base reactions but which have fundamental underpinnings of that kind of chemistry. Rather than being unable to determine a unified understanding of acidity and basicity as suggested in the philosophy of chemistry literature, we propose that acidity and basicity fit securely in a classification of many other reactions that, using classical chemistry knowledge, pre-quantum chemistry, would not be possible. We strongly support the use of all scientific knowledge and experience in the development of the ideas in the philosophy science. We further suggest increased interactions between philosophers of science and scientists, so that all scholars benefit from the values, knowledge, and perspectives of other disciplines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 2","pages":"299 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4132711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Correction to: A process ontology approach in biochemistry: the case of GPCRs and biosignaling 生物化学中的过程本体方法:以gpcr和生物信号传导为例

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-01-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09461-8

Fiorela Alassia

{"title":"Correction to: A process ontology approach in biochemistry: the case of GPCRs and biosignaling","authors":"Fiorela Alassia","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09461-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-022-09461-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>According to process ontology in the philosophy of biology, the living world is better understood as processes rather than as substantial individuals. Within this perspective, an organism does not consist of a hierarchy of structures like a machine, but rather a dynamic hierarchy of processes, dynamically maintained and stabilized at different time scales. With this respect, two processual approaches on enzymes by Stein (Hyle Int J Philos Chem 10(4):5–22, 2004, Process Stud 34:62–80, 2005, Found Chem 8:3–29, 2006) and by Guttinger (Everything Flows: Towards a Processual Philosophy of Biology, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2018) allows to think of macromolecules as relational and processual entities. In this work, I propose to extend their arguments to another case study within the biochemical domain, which is the case of ligand receptors and receptor-mediated biosignaling. The aim of this work is to analyze the case of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and biosignaling under the consideration of a processual ontology. I will defend that the processual ontology framework is adequate for the biochemical domain and that it allows accounting for the current biochemical knowledge related to the case study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":"189 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4789118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Name game: the naming history of the chemical elements—part 1—from antiquity till the end of 18th century 命名游戏:化学元素的命名历史——第一部分——从古代到18世纪末

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09462-7

Paweł Miśkowiec

引用次数: 0

Correction: Book review of Paul Sen’s, “Einstein’s Fridge. How the difference between hot and cold explains the universe” ISBN: 978-1-5011-8130-6 更正:保罗·森的书评《爱因斯坦的冰箱》。冷热的差别如何解释宇宙?

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09465-4

Robert T. Hanlon

引用次数: 0

Entropy and sign conventions 熵和符号约定