Foundations of Chemistry最新文献_第7页

Natural kinds, chemical practice, and interpretive communities 自然种类，化学实践，和解释社区

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09459-2

Clevis Headley

{"title":"Natural kinds, chemical practice, and interpretive communities","authors":"Clevis Headley","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09459-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-022-09459-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many philosophers attribute extraordinary importance to the idea of natural kinds seemingly intimating that the very possibility of certain kinds of activity are ontologically beholden to the existence of kinds. Specifically, regarding chemistry, Brian Ellis intimated that the success of any plausible metaphysical essentialism depends upon its “reliance on examples from chemistry.” Ellis’s view is representative of a tradition in analytic philosophy that has utilized chemical examples as paradigmatic natural kinds. In this regard, Kripke and Putnam emerge as the architects of an entrenched research program dedicated to the chemical tradition of natural kinds in analytic philosophy. The emergence of a critical body of literature by philosophers of chemistry and others has shattered the complacent reliance upon chemical examples as exemplary kinds. On the basis of this emerging critical literature, I will critically explore the way in which chemical practice and inquiry affects the natural kind debate. So, instead of the pretense that we simply carve nature at its joints, we need to become better grounded in the practice of science, and especially with regard to the debate about natural kinds in chemical practice. Consistent with this orientation, we need to make the practice turn, that is, eradicate the fantasy of logical reconstruction and become involved with the interpretative and historical challenges of understanding the nuances of practice. The point here is quite clear, metaphysical questions regarding natural kind should be imminent to scientific practice. Indeed, any legitimate metaphysics of natural kinds should be appropriately informed and grounded in practice and not operate on the basis of a priori sovereignty. I will insert this critical discussion within the analytical context of the notion of interpretive communities and make the case that philosophers should not assume that appeals to the purity of philosophy can substitute for the complexity and practical orientation of chemical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":"167 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4163588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicting unknown binary compounds from the view of complex network 从复杂网络的角度预测未知二元化合物

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09457-4

Guoyong Mao, Runzhan Liu, Ning Zhang

引用次数: 2

Name game: the naming history of the chemical elements: part 2—turbulent nineteenth century 命名游戏:化学元素的命名历史:第二部分-动荡的十九世纪

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09451-w

Paweł Miśkowiec

引用次数: 3

Atomic number and isotopy before nuclear structure: multiple standards and evolving collaboration of chemistry and physics 核结构前的原子序数与同位素:化学与物理的多重标准与演化合作

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09450-x

Jordi Cat, Nicholas W. Best

{"title":"Atomic number and isotopy before nuclear structure: multiple standards and evolving collaboration of chemistry and physics","authors":"Jordi Cat, Nicholas W. Best","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09450-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-022-09450-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We provide a detailed history of the concepts of atomic number and isotopy before the discovery of protons and neutrons that draws attention to the role of evolving interplays of multiple aims and criteria in chemical and physical research. Focusing on research by Frederick Soddy and Ernest Rutherford, we show that, in the context of differentiating disciplinary projects, the adoption of a complex and shifting concept of elemental identity and the ordering role of the periodic table led to a relatively coherent notion of atomic number. Subsequent attention to valency, still neglected in the secondary literature, and to nuclear charge led to a decoupling of the concepts of elemental identity and weight and allowed for a coherent concept of isotopy. This concept received motivation from empirical investigations on the decomposition series of radioelements and their unstable chemical identity. A new model of chemical order was the result of an ongoing collaboration between chemical and physical research projects with evolving aims and standards. After key concepts were considered resolved and their territories were clarified, chemistry and physics resumed autonomous projects, yet remained bound by newly accepted explanatory relations. It is an episode of scientific collaboration and partial integration without simple, wholesale gestalt switches or chemical revolutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":"67 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10698-022-09450-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4244914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

From complexity to systems 从复杂到系统

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09455-6

Hrvoj Vančik

引用次数: 1

Interview with Olimpia Lombardi 采访Olimpia Lombardi

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-11-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09453-8

Eric R. Scerri

引用次数: 0

A commentary on Weisberg’s critique of the ‘structural conception’ of chemical bonding 对韦斯伯格对化学键的“结构概念”的批判的评论

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09454-7

Eric R. Scerri

{"title":"A commentary on Weisberg’s critique of the ‘structural conception’ of chemical bonding","authors":"Eric R. Scerri","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09454-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-022-09454-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Robin Hendry has presented an account of two equally valid ways of understanding the nature of chemical bonding, consisting of what the terms the structural and the energetic views respectively. In response, Weisberg has issued a “challenge to the structural view”, thus implying that the energetic view is the more correct of the two conceptions. In doing so Weisberg identifies the delocalization of electrons as the one robust feature that underlies the increasingly accurate quantum mechanical calculations starting with the Heitler-London method and moving on to such approaches as the valence bond and molecular orbital theories of chemical bonding. The present article provides a critical evaluation of Weisberg’s article and concludes that he fails to characterize the nature of chemical bonding in several respects. I claim that Hendry’s structural and energetic views remain as equally viable ways of understanding chemical bonding. Whereas the structural view is more appropriate for chemists, the energetic view is preferable to physicists. Neither view is more correct unless one subscribes to the naively reductionist view of considering that the more physical energetic view is the more correct one.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 2","pages":"253 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10698-022-09454-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4909111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Name game: the naming history of the chemical elements—part 3—rivalry of scientists in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries 命名游戏:化学元素的命名史——第三部分——20世纪和21世纪科学家的竞争

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09452-9

Paweł Miśkowiec

{"title":"Name game: the naming history of the chemical elements—part 3—rivalry of scientists in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries","authors":"Paweł Miśkowiec","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09452-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-022-09452-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The third article of the “Naming game…” series presents the issues of naming elements discovered and synthesized in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Based on the source data, the publication time of the names of the last 35 chemical elements was identified. In the case of discoveries from the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, the principle was adopted of the priority of information about the synthesis of a new chemical element in scientific journals or conference reports. However, when the same information was published earlier in the news sections of scientific journals, in articles in popular science journals, and (in modern times) on the websites of interested research institutes, such an info is presented as well. It turned out that in some cases this information is very complex as the names of some elements were changed several times and published in different media in the same period. Therefore, this article is an attempt to sort out the issue of first publishing of the names of the last known 35 chemical elements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 2","pages":"235 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10698-022-09452-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4511244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Name game: the naming history of the chemical elements—part 1—from antiquity till the end of 18th century 命名游戏:化学元素的命名历史-第一部分-从古代到18世纪末

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09448-5

Paweł Miśkowiec

{"title":"Name game: the naming history of the chemical elements—part 1—from antiquity till the end of 18th century","authors":"Paweł Miśkowiec","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09448-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-022-09448-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the series of the three articles entitled “Name game…” is to present the historical information about nomenclature history of every known chemical element. The process of naming each chemical element is analyzed, with particular emphasis on the first publication with a given name. It turned out that in many cases this information is not obvious and unambiguous, and the published data are even contradictory. In a few cases, the names of the elements were changed even several times. Moreover, even when the author of a given element name is known, it is sometimes not entirely clear in which publication he/she first used it. Therefore, the series of three articles are an attempt to sort out the issue of first publishing of the names of all 118 chemical elements known so far, based on original source texts, available thanks to the digitization of a number of collections of scientific literature. The articles are divided according to the time of discoveries: (1) research till the end of the 18th century, (2) discoveries in the 19th century, (3) discoveries and syntheses of elements in the 20th and 21st centuries. This particular article presents the history of naming of the first 37 elements: known from antiquity, discovered in nature and named in 17th and 18th century.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":"29 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10698-022-09448-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4049613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Electronegativity provides the relationship between formal charge, oxidation state, and actual charge 电负性提供了形式电荷、氧化态和实际电荷之间的关系

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-022-09447-6

Balakrishnan Viswanathan, M. Shajahan Gulam Razul

{"title":"Electronegativity provides the relationship between formal charge, oxidation state, and actual charge","authors":"Balakrishnan Viswanathan, M. Shajahan Gulam Razul","doi":"10.1007/s10698-022-09447-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-022-09447-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Formal charge and oxidation state are two means of estimating the charge of an atom in a molecule. Though these concepts have very different origins—formal charge is derived from the ball-and-hook model of bonding and oxidation state is based on the ionic approximation of molecules—they are used to predict reactivity and other molecular properties through their properties as charges. In this submission, it is shown that formal charge and oxidation state are two extreme descriptions of bonding: formal charge represents zero charge transfer between atoms while oxidation state represents complete charge transfer in each bond. These ‘localised electron approximations’ form an incomplete picture of atomic charge. Electronegativity measures the extent of polarity in real bonds; this concept can be introduced to polarise bonds relative to the ‘equal sharing model’. It is shown that the various electronegativity models are fundamentally related. We chose two models to demonstrate numerically that polar bonds yield charges intermediate between the localised electron approximations: Pauling and Mulliken. It is shown that probabilistic interpretation of the Pauling scale (‘scaled Pauling’ method) and use of asymmetric chemical potential (‘modified Mulliken’ method) lead to atomic charges that closely approximate experimental values using simple ‘back of the envelope’ calculations. It is seen that formal charge, oxidation state, and electronegativity-interpolated charge lie on a continuum and are mathematically related. It is therefore concluded that electronegativity introduces (quantum) delocalisation to the localised (classical) picture of electron bonding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":"5 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5128951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0