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Foundations of Chemistry最新文献

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Laws of nature according to some philosophers of science and according to chemists 一些科学哲学家和化学家认为的自然规律
IF 0.9 3区 化学
Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-024-09517-x
Eric Scerri
{"title":"Laws of nature according to some philosophers of science and according to chemists","authors":"Eric Scerri","doi":"10.1007/s10698-024-09517-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-024-09517-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article contrasts the way that laws are regarded by some philosophers of science with the way that they are regarded by scientists and science educators. After a brief review of the Humean and necessitarian views of scienfic laws, I highlight difference between scientists who regard laws as being merely descriptive and philosophers who generally regard them as being explanatory and, in some cases, as being necessary. I also discuss the views of two prominent philosophers of science who deny any role for scienfic laws. I conclude that science educators should be wary of adopng the necessitarian view of scienfic laws.</p>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chemical jargon: thinking out loud 化学术语：大声思考
IF 0.9 3区 化学
Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-024-09521-1
Alexander Yu. Rulev
{"title":"Chemical jargon: thinking out loud","authors":"Alexander Yu. Rulev","doi":"10.1007/s10698-024-09521-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-024-09521-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Language is an important part of the human culture. It serves for the expression and communication of thoughts. In is article, the problem of chemical jargon as a tool for communication between scientists is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial 77 编辑 77
IF 1.8 3区 化学
Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-024-09520-2
Eric Scerri
{"title":"Editorial 77","authors":"Eric Scerri","doi":"10.1007/s10698-024-09520-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-024-09520-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"26 2","pages":"191 - 192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142413234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identity in the nanoworld: processes and contextuality 纳米世界的特性：过程与背景
IF 0.9 3区 化学
Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-024-09519-9
Mariana Córdoba, Fiorela Alassia, Alfio Zambon
{"title":"Identity in the nanoworld: processes and contextuality","authors":"Mariana Córdoba, Fiorela Alassia, Alfio Zambon","doi":"10.1007/s10698-024-09519-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-024-09519-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper we will argue that the identity of the entities that inhabit the nanoworld is a <i>contextual</i> identity. To defend that, we will analyse the so-called “biological” identity and the “synthetic” identity of nanomaterials. From this analysis, we will claim that nano-individuals (entities that show an intermediate nature between individuals and stuff), can be adequately understood from the perspective of a processual ontology. With that, we intend to contribute to the philosophical understanding of the ontology of the nano-domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141947954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Are there distinct views of chemistry behind the old and the new definition of mole? 摩尔的新旧定义背后是否有不同的化学观点？
IF 0.9 3区 化学
Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-024-09515-z
Elena Ghibaudi, Marco Ghirardi, Alberto Regis
{"title":"Are there distinct views of chemistry behind the old and the new definition of mole?","authors":"Elena Ghibaudi, Marco Ghirardi, Alberto Regis","doi":"10.1007/s10698-024-09515-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-024-09515-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, the definition of <i>mole</i>, the unit of the <i>amount of substance</i>, has changed to have the base units of the International System defined by “explicit-constant” formulations. The old definition, by referring explicitly to both mass and elementary units, suggests that the mole is a bridge between the macroscopic and microscopic registers. Conversely, the new definition emphasizes the aspect of counting, referred to any kind of elementary unit. Paradoxically, this results in the disappearance of the notion of substance from the very unit of the quantity <i>amount of substance</i>. This change of definition elicited both positive and negative remarks from various authors, in relation to its epistemological, disciplinary, lexical and educational implications. In the present paper, we analyze some of these issues, highlighting the (conflicting) motivations of metrologists and chemists. We argue that the new definition of mole reflects a view of chemistry according to which the microscopic perspective prevails, possibly entailing the loss of reference to the macroscopic register; this could be related with the profound change undergone by the cognitive practices of chemistry along this last century.</p>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141947999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What is the electron density? 电子密度是多少？
IF 0.9 3区 化学
Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-024-09516-y
Sebastian Fortin, Olimpia Lombardi
{"title":"What is the electron density?","authors":"Sebastian Fortin, Olimpia Lombardi","doi":"10.1007/s10698-024-09516-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-024-09516-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although the electron density can be calculated with the formal resources of quantum mechanics, in physics it does not play the leading role that the quantum state does. In contrast, the concept of electron density is central in quantum chemistry. There is no doubt about how the electron density is computed in terms of the wave function of an atom or molecule. However, when the interpretation of the concept is at stake, there is no general agreement. In this article we will analyze the two main interpretations of the concept of electron density: the Born-style probability density interpretation and the Schrödinger-style charge density interpretation. In particular, we will examine their differences, their relations with quantum mechanics and the consequences that each of them entails from a strictly quantum point of view.</p>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The problem of chemical laws 化学定律问题
IF 0.9 3区 化学
Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-024-09518-w
Hernan Lucas Accorinti
{"title":"The problem of chemical laws","authors":"Hernan Lucas Accorinti","doi":"10.1007/s10698-024-09518-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-024-09518-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we will address a recurring problem in the field of the general philosophy of science but one that takes on particular relevance in the context of chemistry: the problem surrounding scientific laws. The main challenge is that the laws of chemistry are not universal; moreover, in practice, they are stated alongside numerous exceptions. Given that there are exceptions, we could argue that what the laws assert is neither universally true nor necessary. But if that's the case, are they genuine scientific laws? And if so, what is the reason for such lawfulness?</p>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The equilibrium box 平衡箱
IF 0.9 3区 化学
Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-024-09514-0
G. M. Anderson
{"title":"The equilibrium box","authors":"G. M. Anderson","doi":"10.1007/s10698-024-09514-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-024-09514-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The meaning of the once widely used term the <i>Gibbs Free Energy</i> in terms of available work energy is perfectly illustrated for chemical reactions by the Van’t Hoff Equilibrium Box. Combining this with DeDonder’s extent of reaction variable and using the reaction of <span>(hbox {NH}_3)</span> to <span>(hbox {H}_2)</span> and <span>(hbox {N}_2)</span> at <span>(200^{circ }hbox {C})</span> as an example shows the difference between total work energy and available work energy, and in addition allows calculation of the equilibrium composition, demonstration of the minimum in the Gibbs energy curve, and the standard relationship between <span>(Delta _textrm{r}G^{circ })</span> and <span>(ln {K})</span></p>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The periodic spiral of elements 元素周期螺旋
IF 1.8 3区 化学
Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-024-09510-4
Mario Rodríguez Peña, José Ángel García Guerra
{"title":"The periodic spiral of elements","authors":"Mario Rodríguez Peña,&nbsp;José Ángel García Guerra","doi":"10.1007/s10698-024-09510-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-024-09510-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There are 2 main problems with the current periodic table: artificial breaks from a given noble gas to the next alkali metal (along with the common protrusion of the “f” block) and hydrogen placed in the alkali group, although this gas also exhibits halogen properties. This paper proposes arranging chemical elements in a square spiral with hydrogen at the centre. This element is also above lithium but passes above fluorine to connect with helium, representing its dual alkali and halogen nature effectively. Then the spiral moves outwards in a counter-clockwise direction, avoiding artificial breaks and following the natural direction of reading for the “s” and “p” blocks elements placed at the bottom of the spiral. Furthermore, this proposed square spiral improves upon previous Janet´s and Benfey´s representations with a more regular shape to draw, an effective depiction of the dual nature of hydrogen, and easily identifiable orbital blocks without the need for protrusions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"26 2","pages":"315 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relational quantum mechanics, causal composition, and molecular structure 关系量子力学、因果构成和分子结构
IF 0.9 3区 化学
Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-024-09513-1
Stephen Esser
{"title":"Relational quantum mechanics, causal composition, and molecular structure","authors":"Stephen Esser","doi":"10.1007/s10698-024-09513-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10698-024-09513-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Franklin and Seifert (2021) argue that solving the measurement problem of quantum mechanics (QM) also answers a question central to the philosophy of chemistry: that of how to reconcile QM with the existence of definite molecular structures. This conclusion may appear premature, however, because interactions play a crucial role in shaping molecules, but we generally lack detailed models of how this is accomplished. Given this explanatory gap, simply choosing an interpretation of QM is insufficient, unless the interpretation also has relevant conceptual resources that address how spatially organized molecules are composed. This article seeks to close the gap, using the interpretation provided by relational quantum mechanics (RQM), along with a posited causal ontology. This framework, which entails the co-existence of multiple perspectives on systems within a single world, offers a path toward reconciling the quantum mechanical view of molecules with another conception more congenial to chemistry: that of molecules shaped by patterns of localizing interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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