The poetry of the universe, the periodic table, and the scientific progress: a review of new studies on the periodic table of the elements

IF 1.8 3区 化学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Klaus Ferdinand Gärditz
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Abstract

In 1869, two distinguished scientists, Dimitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer, discovered a certain periodicity among the chemical characteristics of the then known elements. Both developed first versions of the periodic table, independently. In the wake of the 150th anniversary, UNESCO proclaimed 2019 the “International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements”. Two lucid and detailed studies on the periodic table—accompanied by smaller studies on the occasion of the anniversary—have been published, recently, one of them analysing the scientific history, contributing to the (philosophical) theory of science (Eric Scerri), the other analysing the structures, patterns, and irregularities of the table (Geoff Rayner-Canham). Both studies are profound and vivid examples how scientific progress works. They illustrate that even in hard sciences—mirroring Merton’s concept of middle range theory—the required degree of exactness can remain on an intermediate level, as imperfection allows interpretations which could not (yet) be reached by pure mathematics and logic. Both of these brilliant studies provide valuable material, especially for a social science, to better understand how scientific ideas develop, how the power of visualization helps shape ideas, and how contingency is absorbed by the scientific process.

宇宙之诗、元素周期表与科学进步:元素周期表新研究述评
1869年,两位杰出的科学家,迪米特里·门捷列夫和洛萨·迈耶,发现了当时已知元素的化学特性具有一定的周期性。两人都独立地开发了元素周期表的第一版。在150周年纪念之际,教科文组织宣布2019年为“化学元素周期表国际年”。最近发表了两篇关于元素周期表的清晰而详细的研究报告,其中一篇分析了科学史,为科学(哲学)理论做出了贡献(埃里克·塞里),另一篇分析了元素周期表的结构、模式和不规则性(杰夫·雷纳-卡纳姆)。这两项研究都是科学进步如何发挥作用的深刻而生动的例子。它们说明,即使在硬科学中——反映默顿的中程理论概念——所要求的精确程度也可以保持在中间水平,因为不完美的解释允许纯数学和逻辑(尚)无法达到的解释。这两项杰出的研究都提供了宝贵的材料,特别是对社会科学来说,可以更好地理解科学思想是如何发展的,可视化的力量是如何帮助形成思想的,以及科学过程是如何吸收偶然性的。
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来源期刊
Foundations of Chemistry
Foundations of Chemistry HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-
自引率
22.20%
发文量
35
期刊介绍: Foundations of Chemistry is an international journal which seeks to provide an interdisciplinary forum where chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, educators and sociologists with an interest in foundational issues can discuss conceptual and fundamental issues which relate to the `central science'' of chemistry. Such issues include the autonomous role of chemistry between physics and biology and the question of the reduction of chemistry to quantum mechanics. The journal will publish peer-reviewed academic articles on a wide range of subdisciplines, among others: chemical models, chemical language, metaphors, and theoretical terms; chemical evolution and artificial self-replication; industrial application, environmental concern, and the social and ethical aspects of chemistry''s professionalism; the nature of modeling and the role of instrumentation in chemistry; institutional studies and the nature of explanation in the chemical sciences; theoretical chemistry, molecular structure and chaos; the issue of realism; molecular biology, bio-inorganic chemistry; historical studies on ancient chemistry, medieval chemistry and alchemy; philosophical and historical articles; and material of a didactic nature relating to all topics in the chemical sciences. Foundations of Chemistry plans to feature special issues devoted to particular themes, and will contain book reviews and discussion notes. Audience: chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, chemical educators, sociologists, and other scientists with an interest in the foundational issues of science.
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