Foundations of Chemistry最新文献_第5页

Chemical reduction and quantum interpretation: A case for thomistic emergence 化学还原和量子解释:托马斯涌现的一个例子

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-08-26 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09479-6

Ryan Miller

引用次数: 0

Misconception in chemistry textbooks: a case study on the concept of quantum number, electronic configuration and review for teaching material 化学教材中的误区:以量子数、电子组态概念为例及教材检讨

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09475-w

Rr. Lis Permana Sari, Heru Pratomo, Isti Yunita, Sukisman Purtadi, Mahesh Narayan, Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto

{"title":"Misconception in chemistry textbooks: a case study on the concept of quantum number, electronic configuration and review for teaching material","authors":"Rr. Lis Permana Sari, Heru Pratomo, Isti Yunita, Sukisman Purtadi, Mahesh Narayan, Kristian Handoyo Sugiyarto","doi":"10.1007/s10698-023-09475-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-023-09475-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>This article describes a descriptive-qualitative method for analyzing and reviewing several textbooks for high school as samples commonly used by teachers and students in their teaching–learning to reveal possible misconceptions. This study focused on the subjects of quantum numbers and electronic configuration. From the advanced literature review to analyze the samples the occurrence of various misconceptions was noted. All textbooks described correctly the four symbols of quantum numbers, but none correlates correctly the magnetic-angular quantum number to the Cartesian labeled orbitals. All textbooks consider mistakenly the meaning of aufbau as the building-up energy of orbitals by following (n + ℓ, n) rules on describing the electronic configuration for all atoms. Only one textbook states that the electronic configuration of transition metal atoms (3d series) can be described in the following order of shell (n), thus giving rise to two types of electronic configurations, [Ar] 3d 4s (Type I) beside [Ar] 4s 3d (Type II), leading further misconception. All textbooks described favorably an unpaired electron of ms = + ½ due to the specific agreement, which is a potential misconception in applying Hund’s rule. In drawing the diagram boxes of orbitals, they are arranged in increasing or decreasing the numeric mℓ, due to the specific agreement, and again leading to a potential misconception on describing the quantum number of electrons issued. Three textbooks introduced the terms of the last and the xth electron associated with the quantum numbers, leading to serious further misconceptions. No books stated that the ordering energy of the (n + ℓ, n) rule is true only for the first twenty atoms.</div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 3","pages":"419 - 437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73312337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An unlikely bifurcation: history of sustainable (but not Green) chemistry 一个不太可能的分歧:可持续(但不是绿色)化学的历史

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09474-x

Marcin Krasnodębski

{"title":"An unlikely bifurcation: history of sustainable (but not Green) chemistry","authors":"Marcin Krasnodębski","doi":"10.1007/s10698-023-09474-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-023-09474-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The concept of green chemistry dominated the imagination of environmentally-minded chemists over the last thirty years. The conceptual frameworks laid by the American Environmental Protection Agency scholars in the 1990s constitute today the core of a line of thinking aimed at transforming chemistry into a sustainable science. And yet, in the shadow of green chemistry, a broader, even if less popular, concept of sustainable chemistry started taking shape. Initially, it was either loosely associated with green chemistry or left undefined as a distinct but generaly different approach. In such a vague form, it was endorsed by the organizations such as OECD and the IUPAC in the late 1990s. It was not until the 2010s however, when it solidified as a separate more embracing and more overarching tradition that could compete with green chemistry by offering insights that the latter lacked. Sustainable chemistry seeks to transcend the narrow focus on chemical synthesis and embrace a much more holistic view of chemical activities including social responsibility and sustainable business models. Due to an interesting historical coincidence, it was in Germany where sustainable chemistry took roots and became institutionalized for the first time. It was thanks to German exceptionalism and the unwillingness of German scholars to embrace the “green” terminology originating from the US, the concept of sustainable chemistry could safely mature and develop in the German-speaking world, before reaching a high degree of formalization with dedicated journals, founding articles, and programmatic principles aspiring to transform the entire chemical enterprise in the years to come.</div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 3","pages":"463 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10698-023-09474-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82750045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Response to the critique by Dr. K. Brad Wray, published in foundations of chemistry October 6, 2022 对K. Brad Wray博士批评的回应，发表在2022年10月6日的《化学基础》上

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09473-y

Gareth R. Eaton

引用次数: 0

Common empirical foundations, different theoretical choices: The Berthollet-Proust controversy and Dalton’s resolution 共同的经验基础，不同的理论选择:贝托莱-普鲁斯特之争与道尔顿的解决

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09471-0

Yachun Xu, Yichen Tong, Jiangyang Yuan

{"title":"Common empirical foundations, different theoretical choices: The Berthollet-Proust controversy and Dalton’s resolution","authors":"Yachun Xu, Yichen Tong, Jiangyang Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s10698-023-09471-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-023-09471-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Based upon the demarcation between Elementalism and Atomism Chemistry from the perspective of the long-term history of chemistry, the authors re-examine the Berthollet-Proust controversy on the three types of chemical compounds, pointing out that Berthollet proposed the law of indefinite proportions by deduction, while Proust proposed the law of definite proportions by induction. The controversy is beyond the framework of affinity chemistry and entail a synthesis of meta-chemical thinking and experiments. Proust’s discovery of the law of definite proportions not only function as Bacon’s “instances of lamp” to invoke Dalton and other atomism chemists to envision atomism, but also served as a bridge linking the two meta-chemistries. John Dalton, the third choice, envisioned his atomism by abduction. The case study on “the Berthollet-Proust controversy and Dalton’s resolution” mandates a reinvestigation of the crucial role of the system of experiments and the evolution of chemistry according to the demarcation between the established branches of Elementalism and Atomism Chemistry.</div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 3","pages":"439 - 455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83315012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial 73 编辑73

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09472-z

Eric Scerri

引用次数: 0

On how some fundamental chemical concepts are correlated by arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means 一些基本的化学概念是如何通过算术、几何和调和的方法联系起来的

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09466-x

Francesco Di Giacomo

引用次数: 0

Revolutions in science, revolutions in chemistry 科学革命，化学革命

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09467-w

Jeffrey I. Seeman

引用次数: 1

Why do prima facie intuitive theories work in organic chemistry? 为什么直观理论在有机化学中起作用?

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09470-1

Hirofumi Ochiai

{"title":"Why do prima facie intuitive theories work in organic chemistry?","authors":"Hirofumi Ochiai","doi":"10.1007/s10698-023-09470-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10698-023-09470-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In modern German ‘Anschauung’ is translated as intuition. But in Kant’s technical philosophical context, it means an intuition derived from previous visualizations of physical processes in the world of perceptions. The nineteenth century chemists’ predilection for Kantian Anschauung led them to develop an intuitive representation of what exists beyond the bounds of the senses. Molecular structure is one of the illuminating outcomes. (Ochiai 2021, pp. 1–51) This mental habit seems to be dominant among chemists even in the twentieth century, as is illustrated by the electronic theory of organic chemistry and the frontier orbital theory as well. The former assumes that (1) bonds are paired electrons shared by bonded atoms—in fact, electrons in molecules are not localized in bonds; (2) the difference of electronegativities between bonded atoms causes electron drifts—expressed by the curly arrow—that result in bond formation or bond cleavage. The latter focuses on the orbitals that make the greatest contribution to the energy of a system undergoing electron delocalization, while the LCAO method says, as is suggested by the word Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals, molecular orbitals should be constructed from all of the atomic orbitals that have the appropriate symmetry. In other words, every molecular orbital contributes to some extent to the electronic state of a molecule. The curly arrow in the electronic theory and the orbital lobe in the frontier orbital theory illustrate an intuitive character of these theories. Although both theories rely on such simple and qualitative models rather than mathematically rigid quantum mechanical calculations, they are successful in explaining, predicting, and designing chemical reactions. What makes these prima facie intuitive theories so successful? In this study we address this problem from a historical and philosophical as well as scientific point of view. The key to solve this problem is that they are concerned with only bond formation or bond cleavage, in which the localized-bond principle holds.</div>","PeriodicalId":568,"journal":{"name":"Foundations of Chemistry","volume":"25 3","pages":"359 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77827493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interpreting the bonding of B2H6 and the nature of the 3-center-2-electron bond: decisive test of theory of valency 解释B2H6的成键和3中心2电子键的性质:价理论的决定性检验

IF 0.9 3区化学

Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10698-023-09469-8

Gareth R. Eaton

引用次数: 1