Human Factors最新文献

{"title":"Deciphering Automation Transparency: Do the Benefits of Transparency Differ Based on Whether Decision Recommendations Are Provided?","authors":"Isabella Gegoff, Monica Tatasciore, Vanessa K Bowden, Shayne Loft","doi":"10.1177/00187208251318465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208251318465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To better understand automation transparency, we experimentally isolated the effects of additional information and decision recommendations on decision accuracy, decision time, perceived workload, trust, and system usability.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The benefits of automation transparency are well documented. Previously, however, transparency (in the form of additional information) has been coupled with the provision of decision recommendations, potentially decreasing decision-maker agency and promoting automation bias. It may instead be more beneficial to provide additional information without decision recommendations to inform operators' unaided decision making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants selected the optimal uninhabited vehicle (UV) to complete missions. Additional display information and decision recommendations were provided but were not always accurate. The level of additional information (no, medium, high) was manipulated between-subjects, and the provision of recommendations (absent, present) within-subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When decision recommendations were provided, participants made more accurate and faster decisions, and rated the UV system as more usable. However, recommendation provision reduced participants' ability to discriminate UV system information accuracy. Increased additional information led to faster decisions, lower perceived workload, and higher trust and usability ratings but only significantly improved decision (UV selection) accuracy when recommendations were provided.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Individuals scrutinized additional information more when not provided decision recommendations, potentially indicating a higher expected value of processing that information. However, additional information only improved performance when accompanied by recommendations to support decisions.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>It is critical to understand the potential differential impact of, and interaction between, additional display information and decision recommendations to design effective transparent automated systems in the modern workplace.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208251318465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Biomechanical and Mental Workload During Human-Robot Collaborative Pollination Task.","authors":"Mustafa Ozkan Yerebakan, Yu Gu, Jason Gross, Boyi Hu","doi":"10.1177/00187208241254696","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241254696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study is to identify the potential biomechanical and cognitive workload effects induced by human robot collaborative pollination task, how additional cues and reliability of the robot influence these effects and whether interacting with the robot influences the participant's anxiety and attitude towards robots.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) could be used to alleviate pollinator shortages and robot performance issues. However, the effects of HRC for this setting have not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen participants were recruited. Four HRC modes, no cue, with cue, unreliable, and manual control were included. Three categories of dependent variables were measured: (1) spine kinematics (L5/S1, L1/T12, and T1/C7), (2) pupillary activation data, and (3) subjective measures such as perceived workload, robot-related anxiety, and negative attitudes towards robotics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HRC reduced anxiety towards the cobot, decreased joint angles and angular velocity for the L5/S1 and L1/T12 joints, and reduced pupil dilation, with the \"with cue\" mode producing the lowest values. However, unreliability was detrimental to these gains. In addition, HRC resulted in a higher flexion angle for the neck (i.e., T1/C7).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HRC reduced the physical and mental workload during the simulated pollination task. Benefits of the additional cue were minimal compared to no cues. The increased joint angle in the neck and unreliability affecting lower and mid back joint angles and workload requires further investigation.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>These findings could be used to inform design decisions for HRC frameworks for agricultural applications that are cognizant of the different effects induced by HRC.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"100-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bound by Experience: Updating the Body Representation When Using Virtual Objects.","authors":"Julia Eck, Roland Pfister","doi":"10.1177/00187208241258315","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241258315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Four web-based experiments investigated flexibility of disembodiment of a virtual object that is no longer actively controlled. Emphasis was on possibilities to modify the timescale of this process.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Interactions with virtual objects are commonplace in settings like teleoperation, rehabilitation, and computer-aided design. These objects are quickly integrated into the operator's body schema (embodiment). Less is known about how long such embodiment lasts. Understanding the dynamics of this process is crucial because different applied settings either profit from fast or slow disembodiment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To induce embodiment, participants moved a 2D virtual hand through operating a computer mouse or touchpad. After initial embodiment, participants either stopped or continued moving for a fixed period of time. Embodiment ratings were collected continuously during each trial.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results across all experiments indicated that embodiment for the virtual hand gradually increased during active use and gradually decreased after stopping to use it. Disembodiment unfolded nearly twice as fast as embodiment and showed a curved decay pattern. These dynamics remained unaffected by anticipation of active control that would be required in an upcoming task.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results highlight the importance of continuously experiencing active control in virtual interactions if aiming at inducing stable embodiment of a virtual object.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Our findings suggest that applications of virtual disembodiment such as virtual tools or interventions to affect a person's body representation critically depend on continuous updating of sensorimotor experience. However, if switching between virtual objects, for example, during teleoperation or video gaming, after-effects are unlikely to affect performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"115-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis Reveals Two Distinct Human-Automation Trust Constructs.","authors":"Yusuke Yamani, Shelby K Long, Tetsuya Sato, Abby L Braitman, Michael S Politowicz, Eric T Chancey","doi":"10.1177/00187208241263774","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241263774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This work examined the relationship of the constructs measured by the trust scales developed by Chancey et al. (2017) and Jian et al. (2000) using a multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Modern theories of automation trust have been proposed based on data collected using trust scales. Chancey et al. (2017) adapted Madsen and Gregor's (2000) trust scale to align with Lee and See's (2004) human-automation trust framework. In contrast, Jian et al. (2000) developed a scale empirically with trust and distrust as factors. However, it remains unclear whether these two scales measure the same construct.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We analyzed data collected from previous experiments to investigate the relationship between the two trust scales using a multilevel CFA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data provided evidence that Jian et al. (2000) and Chancey et al. (2017) automation trust scales are only weakly related. Trust and distrust are found to be distinct factors in Jian et al.'s (2000) scale, whereas performance, process, and purpose are distinct factors in Chancey et al.'s (2017) trust scale.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The analysis suggested that the two scales purporting to measure human-automation trust are only weakly related.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Trust researchers and automation designers may consider using Chancey et al. (2017) and Jian et al. (2000) scales to capture different characteristics of human-automation trust.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"166-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral Pelvis and Lumbar Motion in Seated and Standing Office Work and Their Association With Transient Low Back Pain.","authors":"Jessa M Davidson, Jackie D Zehr, Mamiko Noguchi, Donna J Fok, Liana M Tennant, Jack P Callaghan","doi":"10.1177/00187208241249423","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241249423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess frontal plane motion of the pelvis and lumbar spine during 2 h of seated and standing office work and evaluate associations with transient low back pain.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Although bending and twisting motions are cited as risk factors for low back injuries in occupational tasks, few studies have assessed frontal plane motion during sedentary exposures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one participants completed 2 h of seated and standing office work while pelvic obliquity, lumbar lateral bending angles, and ratings of perceived low back pain were recorded. Mean absolute angles were compared across 15-min blocks, amplitude probability distribution functions were calculated, and associations between lateral postures and low back pain were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean pelvic obliquity (sit = 4.0 ± 2.8°, stand = 3.5 ± 1.7°) and lumbar lateral bending (sit = 4.5 ± 2.5°, stand = 4.1 ± 1.6°) were consistently asymmetrical. Pelvic obliquity range of motion was 4.7° larger in standing (13.6 ± 7.5°) than sitting (8.9 ± 8.7°). In sitting, 52% (pelvis) and 71% (lumbar) of participants, and in standing, 71% (pelvis and lumbar) of participants, were considered asymmetric for >90% of the protocol. Lateral postures displayed weak to low correlations with peak low back pain (<i>R</i> ≤ 0.388).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of participants displayed lateral asymmetries for the pelvis and lumbar spine within 5° of their upright standing posture.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>In short-term sedentary exposures, associations between lateral postures and pain indicated that as the range in lateral postures increases there may be an increased possibility of pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"85-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140859241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensorimotor Challenges in Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Theoretically-Oriented Review.","authors":"Christopher L Hewitson, Matthew J Crossley, John Cartmill, David M Kaplan","doi":"10.1177/00187208241263684","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241263684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review surveys the literature on sensorimotor challenges impacting performance in laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery (MIS).</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite its well-known benefits for patients, achieving proficiency in MIS can be challenging for surgeons due to many factors including altered visual perspectives and fulcrum effects in instrument handling. Research on these and other sensorimotor challenges has been hindered by imprecise terminology and the lack of a unified theoretical framework to guide research questions in the field.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a systematic survey of the MIS literature, focusing on studies investigating sensorimotor challenges affecting laparoscopic performance. To provide a common foundation for cross-study comparisons, we propose a standardized taxonomy that distinguishes between different experimental paradigms used in the literature. We then show how the computational motor learning perspective provides a unifying theoretical framework for the field that can facilitate progress and motivate future research along clearer, hypothesis-driven lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survey identified diverse sensorimotor perturbations in MIS, which can be effectively categorized according to our proposed taxonomy. Studies investigating monitor-, camera-, and tool-based perturbations were systematically analyzed, elucidating their impact on surgical performance. We also show how the computational motor learning perspective provides deeper insights and potential strategies to mitigate challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sensorimotor challenges significantly impact MIS, necessitating a systematic, empirically informed approach. Our proposed taxonomy and theoretical framework shed light on the complexities involved, paving the way for more structured research and targeted training approaches to enhance surgical proficiency.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Understanding the sensorimotor challenges inherent to MIS can guide the design of improved training curricula and inform the configuration of setups in the operating room to enhance surgeon performance and ultimately patient outcomes. This review offers key insights for surgeons, educators, and researchers in surgical performance and technology development.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"141-165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11626857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awakening the Disengaged: Can Driving-Related Prompts Engage Drivers in Partial Automation?","authors":"Xiaolu Bai, Jing Feng","doi":"10.1177/00187208251314248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208251314248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explores the effectiveness of conversational prompts on enhancing driver monitoring behavior and takeover performance in partially automated driving under two non-driving-related task (NDRT) scenarios with varying workloads.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Driver disengagement in partially automated driving is a serious safety concern. Intermittent conversational prompts that require responses may be a solution. However, existing literature is limited with inconsistent findings. There is little consideration of NDRTs as an important context, despite their ubiquitous involvement. A method is also lacking to measure driver engagement at the cognitive level, beyond manual and visual engagements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants operated a partially automated vehicle in a simulator across six predefined drives. In each drive, participants either received driving-related prompts, daily-conversation prompts, or no prompts, with or without a takeover notification. The first experiment instructed participants to engage in NDRTs at their choice and the second experiment incentivized solving demanding anagrams with monetary rewards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When participants were voluntarily engaged in NDRTs, answering driving-related prompts and receiving takeover notifications improved their monitoring behavior and takeover performance. However, when participants were involved in the more demanding and incentivized NDRT, answering prompts had little effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study supports the importance of both maintaining appropriate workload and processing driving-related information during partially automated driving. Driving-related prompts improve driver engagement and takeover performance, but they are not robust enough to compete with NDRTs that have high motivational appeals and cognitive demands.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>The design of driver engagement tools should consider the workload and information processing mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208251314248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Measures of Team Adaptation.","authors":"Jamie C Gorman, David A P Grimm, F Eric Robinson, Jennifer L Winner, Christopher W Wiese, Cameron Roudebush","doi":"10.1177/00187208251314262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208251314262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Dynamic measures of team adaptation based in team cognition theory and the measurement of real-time team cognition are developed. The present study examines the validity and context-specificity of this measurement framework for simulation-based team training.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Teams adapt by reorganizing their coordination behavior to overcome challenges in dynamic environments. Theoretically grounded objective metrics for measuring adaptive skill in teams are needed. We developed dynamic measures of team adaptation to help fill this gap.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Communication data from critical care air transport team training were analyzed using moving window entropy and recurrence-based determinism metrics of communicative adaptation in response to training event perturbations involving stabilizing deteriorating patient status. The measures were validated across four simulation-based training scenarios using objective and subjective metrics of team performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We validated performance prediction in all scenarios, demonstrating generalizability. Critically, teams reorganized significantly more during perturbation segments than routine segments, validating the measures as indices of team adaptation. We also observed context-specificity, wherein the relationships between reorganization and successful performance depended on the training scenario.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The communicative reorganization measures advanced in this paper present a valid method for assessing adaptive competencies in teams. These analytics generalize in terms of performance prediction across training scenarios, but they are also context-specific, wherein patterns of effective reorganization depend on the type of scenario.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>We discuss the practical deployment of the measurement framework in a Team Dynamics Measurement System for assessing team adaptation competencies in critical care air transport team training.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208251314262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodynamic Modeling and Analysis of Human-Exoskeleton Interactions in Simulated Patient Handling Tasks.","authors":"Yinong Chen, Wei Yin, Liying Zheng, Ranjana Mehta, Xudong Zhang","doi":"10.1177/00187208241311271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208241311271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the biodynamics of human-exoskeleton interactions during patient handling tasks using a subject-specific modeling approach.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Exoskeleton technology holds promise for mitigating musculoskeletal disorders caused by manual handling and most alarmingly by patient handling jobs. A deeper, more unified understanding of the biomechanical effects of exoskeleton use calls for advanced subject-specific models of complex, dynamic human-exoskeleton interactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve sex-balanced healthy participants performed three simulated patient handling tasks along with a reference load-lifting task, with and without wearing the exoskeleton, while their full-body motion and ground reaction forces were measured. Subject-specific models were constructed using motion and force data. Biodynamic response variables derived from the models were analyzed to examine the effects of the exoskeleton. Model validation used load-lifting trials with known hand forces.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of exoskeleton significantly reduced (19.7%-27.2%) the peak lumbar flexion moment but increased (26.4%-47.8%) the peak lumbar flexion motion, with greater moment percent reduction in more symmetric handling tasks; similarly affected the shoulder joint moments and motions but only during two more symmetric handling tasks; and significantly reduced the peak motions for the rest of the body joints.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Subject-specific biodynamic models simulating exoskeleton-assisted patient handling were constructed and validated, demonstrating that the exoskeleton effectively lessened the peak loading to the lumbar and shoulder joints as prime movers while redistributing more motions to these joints and less to the remaining joints.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>The findings offer new insights into biodynamic responses during exoskeleton-assisted patient handling, benefiting the development of more effective, possibly task- and individual-customized, exoskeletons.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208241311271"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Less Sometimes More? An Experimental Comparison of Four Measures of Perceived Usability.","authors":"Elisa Gräve, Axel Buchner","doi":"10.1177/00187208241237862","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241237862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In usability studies, the subjective component of usability, perceived usability, is often of interest besides the objective usability components, efficiency and effectiveness. Perceived usability is typically investigated using questionnaires. Our goal was to assess experimentally which of four perceived-usability questionnaires differing in length best reflects the difference in perceived usability between systems.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Conventional measurement wisdom strongly favors multi-item questionnaires, as measures based on more items supposedly yield better results. However, this assumption is controversial. Single-item questionnaires also have distinct advantages and it has been shown repeatedly that single-item measures can be viable alternatives to multi-item measures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong><i>N</i> = 1089 (Experiment 1) and <i>N</i> = 1095 (Experiment 2) participants rated the perceived usability of a good or a poor web-based mobile phone contract system using the 35-item ISONORM 9241/10 (Experiment 1 only), the 10-item System Usability Scale (SUS), the 4-item Usability Metric for User Experience (UMUX), and the single-item Adjective Rating Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Adjective Rating Scale represented the perceived-usability difference between both systems at least as good as, or significantly better than, the multi-item questionnaires (significantly better than the UMUX and the ISONORM 9241/10 in Experiment 1, significantly better than the SUS in Experiment 2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The single-item Adjective Rating Scale is a viable alternative to multi-item perceived-usability questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Extremely short instruments can be recommended to measure perceived usability, at least for simple user interfaces that can be considered concrete-singular in the sense that raters understand which entity is being rated and what is being rated is reasonably homogenous.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"32-48"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}