Human Factors最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing Data Privacy in Human Factors Studies with Federated Learning.","authors":"Bingyi Su, Liwei Qing, Lu Lu, SeHee Jung, Xiaolei Fang, Xu Xu","doi":"10.1177/00187208251348025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208251348025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThe objective is to develop a privacy-preserving federated learning framework and evaluate its efficacy for two specific human factors applications: classifying mental stress levels in human-robot collaboration and recognizing human activities during manual material handling.BackgroundMachine learning, as a transformative tool, has reshaped the landscape of human factors and ergonomics research. Nevertheless, traditional centralized machine learning methods often encounter critical data privacy issues, especially when dealing with sensitive human data. This study addresses these concerns by implementing a federated learning approach.MethodsClassifiers were constructed using both centralized and federated approaches, with machine learning techniques customized for each application. For mental stress classification, we utilized feature-based machine learning techniques, such as support vector machine. For human activity recognition, we deployed a deep neural network combining long short-term memory and convolutional neural network layers. Comparative analysis in terms of precision, recall, and F1-score was conducted to evaluate the performance of the federated and centralized models.ResultsThe results demonstrate that federated learning not only offers comparable accuracy to centralized methods but also ensures the protection of sensitive data. The performance differences were minimal across both applications, with discrepancies remaining under 2.7%.ConclusionFederated learning proves to be a promising alternative to traditional machine learning models, offering comparable accuracy while significantly enhancing data privacy.ApplicationThe study's outcomes are particularly relevant for advancing privacy-preserving methodologies in fields involving sensitive human-subject data.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208251348025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating in Zero-Visibility: A Haptic Guidance System for Improving Egress and Situation Awareness of Professional Firefighters.","authors":"Andrew Emlyn Slater, Spencer Ferris, James A Dixon, Christopher Renshaw, Timothy E Moore, Garrett Frady, Steven J Harrison","doi":"10.1177/00187208251348020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208251348020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study investigates the utility of providing haptic guidance in a firefighter navigation system (FNS) for zero-visibility search and rescue operations, and the impact on situation awareness (SA).BackgroundFirefighters often encounter the challenge of navigating in zero-visibility conditions and needing to egress structures by navigating a reverse path of travel from memory. Their reliance on memory and limited spatial awareness under these conditions increases the risk of error, injury, and fatality, particularly as path complexity increases.MethodEighteen active-duty firefighters traversed inbound paths of varying complexity into a single-story building while blindfolded. Participants then attempted to egress along the same path using either their Standard Operating Procedures, or while aided by the FNS. The FNS presented vibrations on a waist-worn belt to communicate turn-by-turn guidance along the egress path as well as spatial information to help orient participants to the direction of task-relevant target locations.ResultsFirefighters using the FNS were more likely to successfully retrace their inbound path, less likely to wander off-path, and maintained better SA. These beneficial effects were more pronounced with greater path complexity.ConclusionThe FNS reduced firefighters' spatial disorientation and improved both egress efficiency and SA under simulated zero-visibility conditions commonly found in structural firefighting.ApplicationEquipping firefighters with a haptic navigation system has the potential to improve firefighting capability while increasing the safety of both firefighters and those being rescued. The methodology developed here can serve as a framework for future testing and analysis of haptic navigation systems in field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208251348020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Virtual Reality-Based Approach for Users to Understand the Potential Benefits and Limitations of Using Exoskeletons.","authors":"Vishwajeet Ransing, Jangho Park, Yang Ye, Hanjun Park, Sunwook Kim, Jing Du, Divya Srinivasan","doi":"10.1177/00187208251346627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208251346627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveEvaluate the efficacy of a virtual reality (VR)-based approach for elucidating the benefits and limitations of occupational exoskeletons (EXO).BackgroundThere is a general lack of awareness of the potential benefits and limitations of EXO among potential users. To address this, we developed and evaluated a VR-module that enables users to perform virtual manual material handling tasks and learn about the potential biomechanical impacts of using an EXO.MethodTwenty participants experienced three types of informational exposures to a back-support EXO when completing various lifting tasks: information-based, VR-based, and hands-on experience. After each trial in each exposure, perceived usefulness of EXO was obtained.ResultsCompared to the information-based exposure, significantly more variance in EXO usefulness was explained by task factors in the VR condition, for all lifting conditions. Progressing (or transitioning) from VR to hands-on experience led to a slight increase in the explained variance for some task conditions. Decision tree analysis revealed that the key factors affecting perceived EXO usefulness in the VR condition were users' prior technology perceptions, the baseline risk of tasks, and risk reduced by the EXO.ConclusionThe VR-based exposure effectively highlighted the task-specific benefits of EXO use and thus accounted for more variance in perceived usefulness than a baseline information session.ApplicationOur findings suggest that a VR-based approach may be effective in enhancing user understanding of the benefits and limitations of EXOs. This may potentially aid organizations in developing better training programs and personalized interventions to improve EXO acceptance in workplaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208251346627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Independent and Interactive Carryover Effects of Cognitive and Physical Exertions on Physical Performance.","authors":"Rahul K Pabla, Jeffrey D Graham, Michael W B Watterworth, Nicholas J La Delfa","doi":"10.1177/00187208241293720","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241293720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study compared the effects of prior cognitive, physical, and concurrent exertion on physical performance.BackgroundFatiguing cognitive and physical exertions have been shown to negatively affect subsequent task performance. However, it is not clearly understood if concurrent physical and cognitive effort may exaggerate the negative carryover effects on physical task performance when compared to cognitive or physical exertion alone.MethodTwenty-five participants completed four isometric handgrip endurance trials on different days. The endurance trials were preceded by four, 15-minute experimental manipulations (cognitive, physical, concurrent, control). Electromyography (EMG) and force tracing performance were monitored, with handgrip strength measured pre and post. Subjective ratings of mental and physical fatigue, as well as affect, motivation, and task self-efficacy, were also assessed.ResultsHandgrip strength decreased following both physical (-14.4% MVC) and concurrent (-12.3% MVC) exertion manipulations, with no changes being observed for the cognitive and control conditions. No differences were observed across conditions for endurance time, EMG, nor tracing performance. When compared to the control conditions, perceptions of mental and physical fatigue were higher following the experimental manipulation. Endurance trial self-efficacy was lower for the mental, physical and concurrent conditions compared to control.ConclusionThe concurrent condition resulted in similar decreases in strength as the physical fatigue condition, but otherwise resulted in similar carryover effects on endurance performance across all conditions. Further study is required at higher exposure levels, or for longer exposure durations, to further probe the influence of concurrent physical and cognitive effort on task performance.ApplicationConcurrent cognitive and physical effort resulted in similar physical performance decrements to physical effort alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"560-577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Predictors of Operator Performance: The Role of Mental Effort and Its Link to Task Performance.","authors":"Sebastian Pütz, Alexander Mertens, Lewis L Chuang, Verena Nitsch","doi":"10.1177/00187208241296830","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241296830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThe present study investigated how pupil size and heart rate variability (HRV) can contribute to the prediction of operator performance. We illustrate how focusing on mental effort as the conceptual link between physiological measures and task performance can align relevant empirical findings across research domains.BackgroundPhysiological measures are often treated as indicators of operators' mental state. Thereby, they could enable a continuous and unobtrusive assessment of operators' current ability to perform the task.MethodFifty participants performed a process monitoring task consisting of ten 9-minute task blocks. Blocks alternated between low and high task demands, and the last two blocks introduced a task reward manipulation. We measured response times as primary performance indicator, pupil size and HRV as physiological measures, and mental fatigue, task engagement, and perceived effort as subjective ratings.ResultsBoth increased pupil size and increased HRV significantly predicted better task performance. However, the underlying associations between physiological measures and performance were influenced by task demands and time on task. Pupil size, but not HRV, results were consistent with subjective ratings.ConclusionThe empirical findings suggest that, by capturing variance in operators' mental effort, physiological measures, specifically pupil size, can contribute to the prediction of task performance. Their predictive value is limited by confounding effects that alter the amount of effort required to achieve a given level of performance.ApplicationThe outlined conceptual approach and empirical results can guide study designs and performance prediction models that examine physiological measures as the basis for dynamic operator assistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"595-615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glare at Night-Time Driving: Effect of Correlated Color Temperature of Led Lamps.","authors":"Beatriz M Matesanz, Eduardo G Vicente, Luis Issolio, Fernando Rodríguez Merino, M Teresa G Arteaga, Isabel Arranz","doi":"10.1177/00187208241305568","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241305568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the effect of correlated color temperature from LED glare sources on driving performance. The evaluation includes assessing the effect of disability glare on visual reaction time and rating discomfort glare using a standardized scale.BackgroundLED technology is widely incorporated into various lighting systems; however, the impact of glare from oncoming car headlamps on driving performance at night-time is crucial for road safety.MethodTwenty-three healthy young subjects participated in a laboratory-based experiment simulating night driving using a two-channel Maxwellian view optical system. Two LED lamps with correlated color temperature of 2800 K and 6500 K were used to generate a glare of 52 lx. Disability glare was quantified in terms of foveal reaction time and discomfort glare was rated using the de Boer scale.ResultsThe results show that glare-induced effect is mitigated by an increase in background luminance. The correlated color temperature of the LED lamp does not affect either reaction time or discomfort glare rating.ConclusionThe greater short-wavelength emission of 6500 K lamp does not intensify the effect of disability or discomfort glare, probably due to the macular pigment absorption on foveal vision and the transparency of ocular media, coupled with the involvement of other contributing factors. The correlated color temperature of the lamp is not the best descriptive parameter to identify its effect on glare.ApplicationIt is important to consider the impact of LED technology on visual performance to enhance road safety in critical glare situations during night driving.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"578-594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Inference Models of AV Takeovers: Relating Model Parameters to Trust, Situation Awareness, and Fatigue.","authors":"Ran Wei, Anthony D McDonald, Ranjana K Mehta, Alfredo Garcia","doi":"10.1177/00187208241295932","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241295932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveOur objectives were to assess the efficacy of active inference models for capturing driver takeovers from automated vehicles and to evaluate the links between model parameters and self-reported cognitive fatigue, trust, and situation awareness.BackgroundControl transitions between human drivers and automation pose a substantial safety and performance risk. Models of driver behavior that predict these transitions from data are a critical tool for designing safer, human-centered, systems but current models do not sufficiently account for human factors. Active inference theory is a promising approach to integrate human factors because of its grounding in cognition and translation to a quantitative modeling framework.MethodWe used data from a driving simulation to develop an active inference model of takeover performance. After validating the model's predictions, we used Bayesian regression with a spike and slab prior to assess substantial correlations between model parameters and self-reported trust, situation awareness, fatigue, and demographic factors.ResultsThe model accurately captured driving takeover times. The regression results showed that increases in cognitive fatigue were associated with increased uncertainty about the need to takeover, attributable to mapping observations to environmental states. Higher situation awareness was correlated with a more precise understanding of the environment and state transitions. Higher trust was associated with increased variance in environmental conditions associated with environmental states.ConclusionThe results align with prior theory on trust and active inference and provide a critical connection between complex driver states and interpretable model parameters.ApplicationThe active inference framework can be used in the testing and validation of automated vehicle technology to calibrate design parameters to ensure safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"616-634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative or Confirmative: Effects of Information Quality and Redundancy in Decision Support Systems.","authors":"Yoav Ben Yaakov, Maja Denisova, Filmona Mulugeta, Joachim Meyer","doi":"10.1177/00187208241302787","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241302787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThe study investigates users' tendency to access decision support (DS) systems as a function of the correlation between the DS information and the information users already have, the ongoing interaction with such systems, and the effect of correlated information on subjective trust.BackgroundPrevious research has shown inconclusive findings regarding whether people prefer information that correlates with information they already have. Some studies conclude that individuals recognize the value of noncorrelated information, given its unique content, while others suggest that users favor correlated information as it aligns with existing evidence. The impact of the level of correlation on performance, subjective trust, and the decision to use DS remains unclear.MethodIn an experiment (<i>N</i> = 481), participants made classification decisions based on available information. They could also purchase additional DS with different degrees of correlation with the available information.ResultsParticipants tended to purchase information more often when the DS was not correlated with the available information. Correlated information reduced performance, and the effect of correlation on subjective trust and performance depended on DS sensitivity.ConclusionAdditional information may not improve performance when it is correlated with available information (i.e., it is redundant). Hence, the benefits of additional information and DS depend on the information the system and the operator use.ApplicationIt is essential to analyze the correlations between information sources and design the available information to allow optimal task performance and possibly minimize redundancy (e.g., by locating sensors in different positions to capture independent data).</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"546-559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Debiasing Judgements Using a Distributed Cognition Approach: A Scoping Review of Technological Strategies.","authors":"Harini Dharanikota, Emma Howie, Lorraine Hope, Stephen J Wigmore, Richard J E Skipworth, Steven Yule","doi":"10.1177/00187208241292897","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208241292897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo review and synthesise research on technological debiasing strategies across domains, present a novel distributed cognition-based classification system, and discuss theoretical implications for the field.BackgroundDistributed cognition theory is valuable for understanding and mitigating cognitive biases in high-stakes settings where sensemaking and problem-solving are contingent upon information representations and flows in the decision environment. Shifting the focus of debiasing from individuals to systems, technological debiasing strategies involve designing system components to minimise the negative impacts of cognitive bias on performance. To integrate these strategies into real-world practices effectively, it is imperative to clarify the current state of evidence and types of strategies utilised.MethodsWe conducted systematic searches across six databases. Following screening and data charting, identified strategies were classified into (i) group composition and structure, (ii) information design and (iii) procedural debiasing, based on distributed cognition principles, and cognitive biases, classified into eight categories.ResultsEighty articles met the inclusion criteria, addressing 100 debiasing investigations and 91 cognitive biases. A majority (80%) of the identified debiasing strategies were reportedly effective, whereas fourteen were ineffective and six were partially effective. Information design strategies were studied most, followed by procedural debiasing, and group structure and composition. Gaps and directions for future work are discussed.ConclusionThrough the lens of distributed cognition theory, technological debiasing represents a reconceptualisation of cognitive bias mitigation, showing promise for real-world application.ApplicationThe study results and debiasing classification presented can inform the design of high-stakes work systems to support cognition and minimise judgement errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"525-545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Biological Motion as a Potential Factor in E-Scooter Conspicuity and Safety.","authors":"Marshall L Mabry, Curtis M Craig, Peter Easterlund, Nichole L Morris","doi":"10.1177/00187208251344366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208251344366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundE-scooter injuries have risen in recent years and riders report a relatively high prevalence of accidents. Collisions with motor vehicles pose a high risk to e-scooter users. E-scooter riders move fast relative to runners but lack movement of limbs that present aspects of biological motion to drivers, which may diminish conspicuity.MethodTwo experiments measured participants' detection of point light representations beneath masking visual noise. Study 1 presented a runner, e-scooter rider, and rectangular object. Study 2 modified the e-scooter stimuli to remove motion sway and added alternative e-scooter presentations, one with moving lights consistent with biological motion and the other with the same motion in reverse, inconsistent with biological motion.ResultsStudy 1 found a main effect of figure type, with the runner resulting in superior detection, recognition, and response time compared to the e-scooter rider, which performed better than the object. Study 2 found better perception performance for the runner, including better detection compared to the reverse motion e-scooter.ConclusionFindings suggest that reduced biological motion produced by e-scooter users slightly worsens and slows their detection by other road users and indicates an advantage for the perception of human body configurations. Any inclusion of apparent motion to improve detection, especially near the ground, should be consistent with biological motion.ApplicationVisual display alterations (e.g., lighting) to introduce apparent motion that mimics biological movements or is consistent with biological motion may potentially confer a detection advantage over other movement patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208251344366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}