Human Factors最新文献

{"title":"Exoskeletons in Intermittent Bending Tasks: Assessing Muscle Demands, Endurance, and User Perspectives.","authors":"Pranav Madhav Kuber, Ehsan Rashedi","doi":"10.1177/00187208251324036","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208251324036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveWe investigated effects of a Back-support industrial exoskeleton (BSIE) across intermittently performed unloaded trunk bending task cycles.BackgroundIndustrial tasks are often performed in the form of task cycles with varying activities and rest breaks after each task cycle. Investigating the effects of BSIEs during such intermittent tasks is crucial to understand translation of their benefits in real-world environments.MethodTwelve participants performed ∼709 task cycles (sustained bending, bending and retraction, standing still, and relaxation activities) with/without BSIE (E/NE) and with/without 45° asymmetry (S/A) towards left until fatigue. Evaluated measures included muscle activity in left (LES)/right (RES) erector spinae and left (LBF)/right (RBF) biceps femoris muscles, endurance, and user perspectives. Temporal effects of fatigue were examined by categorizing muscle activity based on perceived exertion level with Borg scale.ResultsBSIE reduced low-back (LES, RES), and leg (LBF, RBF) mean amplitude by ∼ 18-24% and ∼10-17% respectively. Benefits of BSIE in low-back reduced by ∼11-15% at medium versus low fatigue. Overall, BSIE led to 50% more completed task cycles and was favorably rated by participants in reducing physical demands, most especially during sustained bending portion of the task cycles.ConclusionUsing BSIE in intermittent bending tasks can not only provide benefits in reducing muscle demands but can also delay effects of fatigue in low-back region and increase endurance by enabling wearers to perform more task cycles.ApplicationFindings from this study may be beneficial to practitioners for setting guidelines on implementation of BSIEs in industrial bending tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"916-936"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Workload and Task Priority on Multitasking Performance and Reliance on Level 1 Explainable AI (XAI) Use.","authors":"Jawad Alami, Mohamad El Iskandarani, Sara Lu Riggs","doi":"10.1177/00187208251323478","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208251323478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study investigates the effects of workload and task priority on multitasking performance and reliance on Level 1 Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) systems in high-stakes decision environments.BackgroundOperators in critical settings manage multiple tasks under varying levels of workload and priority, potentially leading to performance degradation. XAI offers opportunities to support decision making by providing insights into AI's reasoning, yet its adoption and effectiveness in multitasking scenarios remain underexplored.MethodThirty participants engaged in a simulated multitasking environment, involving UAV command and control tasks, with the assistance of a Level 1 (i.e., basic perceptual information) XAI system on one of the tasks. The study utilized a within-subjects experimental design, manipulating workload (low, medium, and high) and AI-supported-task priority (low and high) across six conditions. Participants' accuracy, use of automatic rerouting, AI miss detection, false alert identification, and use of AI explanations were measured and analyzed across the different experimental conditions.ResultsWorkload significantly hindered performance on the AI-assisted task and increased reliance on the AI system especially when the AI-assisted task was given low priority. The use of AI explanations was significantly affected by task priority only.ConclusionAn increase in workload led to proper offloading by relying on the AI's alerts, but it also led to a lower rate of alert verification despite the alert feature's high false alert rate.ApplicationThe findings from the present work help inform AI system designers on how to design their systems for high-stakes environments such that reliance on AI is properly calibrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"897-915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embodiment of Occupational Exoskeletons as Developing a Sense of Ownership and Readiness-To-Hand: Laboratory and Field Explorations.","authors":"Marc Dufraisse, Jean-Jacques Atain Kouadio, Chris Hayot, Kévin Desbrosses, Isabelle Clerc-Urmès, Olivier Morel, Olivier Rémy, Liên Wioland, Julien Cegarra","doi":"10.1177/00187208251368269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208251368269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study empirically investigates the embodiment of occupational exoskeletons (OEs) through repeated use.BackgroundOEs are wearable devices designed to assist operators' movements. Their embodiment- the phenomenon by which they come to be perceived as an integral part of oneself - remains underexplored, thus limiting our understanding of OE adoption. We operationalize embodiment through readiness-to-hand (using the device with minimal conscious attention) and sense of ownership (perceiving the device as part of oneself).MethodStudy 1 is a laboratory study using a within-subject design to examine the evolution of embodiment through two single-item scales over repeated training sessions with an upper-limb exoskeleton in a sample of 14 participants. Study 2 is a field study using a cross-sectional design to investigate differences in OE embodiment across 27 operators with varying experience of OE use. Embodiment was assessed using the same measures as in Study 1.ResultsStudy 1 showed that repeated use shifted attention from the device to the task. Additionally, repeated use led to a progressive integration of the exoskeleton within oneself. Study 2 provided similar results, showing that experienced users focused more on the task when using their OEs and exhibited a greater integration of OEs into the self than novice users.ConclusionRepeated OE use is linked to the cognitive disappearance of the exoskeleton and merging of self and device.ApplicationUnderstanding embodiment can guide the development of OEs. Integrating embodiment assessments can optimize implementation strategies and strengthen our understanding of users' adoption and rejection.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208251368269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring the Effect of a Powered Ankle Exoskeleton on Street Crossing Decisions for Novice Users Without Mobility Limitations.","authors":"Caleb Jeanniton, Brian S Baum, Harvey Edwards, Leia Stirling","doi":"10.1177/00187208251369276","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208251369276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study examined whether a powered ankle exoskeleton affected street crossing decisions and perceived mental workload of novice users without mobility limitations at a simulated traffic intersection.BackgroundExoskeletons are wearable mobility devices that can impact physical and cognitive performance. Exoskeleton commercialization for the public necessitates evaluations into how these systems influence novices' cognitive reasoning and directed attention in urban environments.MethodsParticipants (<i>n</i> = 20) made street crossing decisions with and without the exoskeleton. Participants walked through a simulated city using a self-paced treadmill and decided whether to cross the street at prespecified distances from the intersection. Cognitive workload perception was measured using the NASA-TLX survey.ResultsNo significant effects of the exoskeleton on street crossing decisions were observed. Rather, data indicated significant reductions in decisions to cross as distance from the intersection increased and with vehicle presence at the intersection. Cognitive workload scores marginally worsened when wearing the exoskeleton.ConclusionStreet crossing decisions were unaffected, but exoskeletons can influence perceived mental workload. These results highlight the importance of designing wearable systems that align with both physical and cognitive task demands. Future studies should incorporate different exoskeletons, tasks, and user groups to determine how these factors influence task performance.ApplicationUnderstanding the interaction between exoskeletons and novice user cognitions can support the development of exoskeletons that provide sufficient physical support without impeding the mental processes needed for their safe and efficient operation. Researchers can also utilize similar procedures to evaluate alternate exoskeleton designs for urban mobility decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208251369276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Feasibility of EMG-Based Human-Machine Interfaces for Driving.","authors":"Niosh Basnet, Sarah Allahvirdi, Chihab Nadri, Junho Park, Maryam Zahabi","doi":"10.1177/00187208251367179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208251367179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of electromyography (EMG)-based human-machine interfaces (HMIs) for high-demand activities such as driving based on performance, cognitive workload, usability, and safety measures.BackgroundUpper-limb amputees face challenges in performing everyday tasks, including driving. EMG-based HMIs offer potential solutions, particularly for wrist disarticulated and trans-radial amputee, but their effectiveness in complex tasks like driving requires further investigation.MethodNineteen able-bodied participants completed a driving simulation study using an EMG-based HMI, dominant hand, and both hands. Participants performed various driving maneuvers including straight lane driving, overtaking, and 90-degree turns at intersections. Driver performance, cognitive workload (measured by blink rate and subjective measures), usability (USE questionnaire), and safety were assessed.ResultsUsing the EMG-based HMI led to higher lane offset and steering angle compared to conventional methods, but demonstrated lower steering entropy in some situations. Cognitive workload was higher for EMG-based HMI, while usability scores were lower. Safety measures were mixed, with EMG-based HMI showing better performance at intersections but lower lane offset and steering angle safety scores overall.ConclusionThe study highlights both limitations and opportunities presented by EMG-based HMIs in high-demand tasks such as driving. While the system exhibited lower performance in some conditions, it demonstrated potential for controlled driving, particularly during specific maneuvers. The higher cognitive workload and lower usability scores indicate areas for improvement.ApplicationThe findings provide valuable insights for the development of more effective EMG-based HMIs, supporting future research and clinical trials aimed at enhancing mobility and independence for individuals with upper-limb amputations.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208251367179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untangling the Web of Deceit: Examining Shared User Susceptibility Across Five Types of Digital Deceptions.","authors":"Dawn M Sarno, Jinan N Allan","doi":"10.1177/00187208251363406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208251363406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo examine how domain-switching and user characteristics may predict broad susceptibility to digital deception.BackgroundDespite successful automated filtering techniques, humans remain vulnerable to fraud, losing billions of dollars annually. Many scams are delivered by digitally mediated methods, such as phishing emails or fake social media accounts. However, research typically explores susceptibility to these deceptions independently, making it difficult to draw broad conclusions regarding susceptibility to digital deception.MethodWe recruited a representative sample to investigate how susceptibility to deception may vary across digital domains, particularly when switching between domains (i.e., domain-switching). Participants classified stimuli from five different digital domains (i.e., emails, text messages, news headlines, social media accounts, and voicemails), either randomly (i.e., domain-switching) or in separate blocks, and completed measures of cognitive reflection and digital literacy.ResultsThe results suggest that when users struggle to discriminate between deceptive and legitimate stimuli in one digital deception domain, they are likely to struggle in others. Additionally, the results suggest that while cognitive reflection and digital literacy may help insulate users from deception, domain-switching may generally hinder user performance (i.e., slower responses).ConclusionOverall, individuals appear to be consistently vulnerable to deception across digital domains and this vulnerability can be exacerbated by certain task factors (e.g., domain-switching) and user characteristics (e.g., cognitive reflection and digital literacy).ApplicationTo develop more efficacious interventions that enhance user resiliency, research should consider broad training that incorporates correlates of susceptibility (e.g., cognitive reflection and digital literacy), and more realistic task settings (e.g., domain-switching).</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208251363406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Measures of Team Adaptation.","authors":"Jamie C Gorman, David A P Grimm, F Eric Robinson, Jennifer L Winner, Christopher W Wiese, Cameron Roudebush","doi":"10.1177/00187208251314262","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208251314262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveDynamic measures of team adaptation based in team cognition theory and the measurement of real-time team cognition are developed. The present study examines the validity and context-specificity of this measurement framework for simulation-based team training.BackgroundTeams adapt by reorganizing their coordination behavior to overcome challenges in dynamic environments. Theoretically grounded objective metrics for measuring adaptive skill in teams are needed. We developed dynamic measures of team adaptation to help fill this gap.MethodCommunication data from critical care air transport team training were analyzed using moving window entropy and recurrence-based determinism metrics of communicative adaptation in response to training event perturbations involving stabilizing deteriorating patient status. The measures were validated across four simulation-based training scenarios using objective and subjective metrics of team performance.ResultsWe validated performance prediction in all scenarios, demonstrating generalizability. Critically, teams reorganized significantly more during perturbation segments than routine segments, validating the measures as indices of team adaptation. We also observed context-specificity, wherein the relationships between reorganization and successful performance depended on the training scenario.ConclusionThe communicative reorganization measures advanced in this paper present a valid method for assessing adaptive competencies in teams. These analytics generalize in terms of performance prediction across training scenarios, but they are also context-specific, wherein patterns of effective reorganization depend on the type of scenario.ApplicationWe discuss the practical deployment of the measurement framework in a Team Dynamics Measurement System for assessing team adaptation competencies in critical care air transport team training.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"836-855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Augmented Reality Cues Aid Pedestrians in Crossing Multiple Lanes of Traffic? A Virtual Reality Study.","authors":"Jeehan Malik, Elizabeth O'Neal, Megan Noonan, Iman Noferesti, Nam-Yoon Kim, William Pixley, Jodie M Plumert, Joseph K Kearney","doi":"10.1177/00187208251320907","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208251320907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study evaluated whether pedestrians can use augmented reality (AR) overlays to guide their road-crossing decisions when crossing two lanes of opposing traffic.BackgroundEmerging technologies for enhancing traffic safety often focus on alerting drivers to hazards. Less attention has been given to understanding how pedestrians respond to technology designed to aid their road-crossing decisions, particularly in more complex traffic.MethodParticipants repeatedly crossed two lanes of opposing traffic displayed in a virtual reality system. Participants in the AR condition viewed matching-colored bars (AR overlays) suspended just above the gaps between cars where there was sufficient time to safely cross a pair of near and far lane gaps. Participants in the control condition performed the same road-crossing task but saw no AR overlays.ResultsParticipants who viewed AR cues were more likely than participants who did not view AR cues to accept gap pairs classified as crossable and less likely to accept gap pairs classified as uncrossable. However, there was no difference between the AR and control conditions in time to spare when exiting the roadway. NASA Task Load Index (2020) responses indicated that perceived performance was higher and perceived frustration was lower in the AR than control condition, but perceived workload was higher in the AR condition.ConclusionThe AR cues helped participants identify crossable gap pairs but did not lead to greater time to spare when exiting the roadway.ApplicationThese results show both the promise and risks of assistive technologies designed to increase pedestrian safety in more complex traffic situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"823-835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context-Based Human Influence and Causal Responsibility for Assisted Decision-Making.","authors":"Yossef Saad, Joachim Meyer","doi":"10.1177/00187208251317470","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208251317470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThe impact of the context in which automation is introduced to a decision-making system was analyzed theoretically and empirically.BackgroundPrevious work dealt with causality and responsibility in human-automation systems without considering the effects of how the automation's role is presented to users.MethodsAn existing analytical model for predicting the human contribution to outcomes was adapted to accommodate the context of automation. An aided signal detection experiment with 400 participants was conducted to assess the correspondence of observed behavior to model predictions.ResultsThe context in which the automation's role is presented affected users' tendency to follow its advice. When automation made decisions, and users only supervised it, they tended to contribute less to the outcome than in systems where the automation had an advisory capacity. The adapted theoretical model for human contribution was generally aligned with participants' behavior.ConclusionThe specific way automation is integrated into a system affects its use and the perceptions of user involvement, possibly altering overall system performance.ApplicationThe research can help design systems with automation-assisted decision-making and provide information on regulatory requirements and operational processes for such systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"795-808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering Automation Transparency: Do the Benefits of Transparency Differ Based on Whether Decision Recommendations Are Provided?","authors":"Isabella Gegoff, Monica Tatasciore, Vanessa K Bowden, Shayne Loft","doi":"10.1177/00187208251318465","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208251318465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo better understand automation transparency, we experimentally isolated the effects of additional information and decision recommendations on decision accuracy, decision time, perceived workload, trust, and system usability.BackgroundThe benefits of automation transparency are well documented. Previously, however, transparency (in the form of additional information) has been coupled with the provision of decision recommendations, potentially decreasing decision-maker agency and promoting automation bias. It may instead be more beneficial to provide additional information without decision recommendations to inform operators' unaided decision making.MethodsParticipants selected the optimal uninhabited vehicle (UV) to complete missions. Additional display information and decision recommendations were provided but were not always accurate. The level of additional information (no, medium, high) was manipulated between-subjects, and the provision of recommendations (absent, present) within-subjects.ResultsWhen decision recommendations were provided, participants made more accurate and faster decisions, and rated the UV system as more usable. However, recommendation provision reduced participants' ability to discriminate UV system information accuracy. Increased additional information led to faster decisions, lower perceived workload, and higher trust and usability ratings but only significantly improved decision (UV selection) accuracy when recommendations were provided.ConclusionIndividuals scrutinized additional information more when not provided decision recommendations, potentially indicating a higher expected value of processing that information. However, additional information only improved performance when accompanied by recommendations to support decisions.ApplicationIt is critical to understand the potential differential impact of, and interaction between, additional display information and decision recommendations to design effective transparent automated systems in the modern workplace.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"776-794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}