Human Factors最新文献

{"title":"Haptic Shared Planning and Control: Enabling Coordination of Future Actions in Human-Autonomous Vehicle Teams Through a Haptic Negotiation Interface.","authors":"Hannah Báez, Haochi Pan, Jean Costa, John Gideon, Nadine Sarter, R Brent Gillespie","doi":"10.1177/00187208261483656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208261483656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveWe examine how human-automation shared steering control combined with a haptic shape-changing interface for communicating and negotiating future intent affects driving performance and trust recovery.BackgroundSteering fights in haptic shared control can negatively impact driving performance. Existing solutions do not feature automation explicitly communicating its intent nor supporting intent negotiation with the driver. Trust recovery after faults is also expected to improve with explicit intent communication.MethodThirty participants took part in a continuous driving task consisting of 39 turns at intersections in which the pre-planned turn direction either matched or differed. Haptic communication of intent between driver and automation was metered under three conditions: From automation to driver (One-Way), in both directions (Two-Way), or not available (No-Way). Road obstacles were present at certain intersections to test handling of contingencies and faults. Automation faults were restricted to a second experimental period, leaving a third period to examine trust before and after a period of faults.ResultsDrivers in Two-Way communication displayed significantly improved driving performance when turn intents did not match. After the period of automation faults, drivers in Two-Way communication displayed significantly better overall trust recovery than drivers in One-Way or No-Way communication.ConclusionNegotiation is a viable means to avoid driver overrides and leads to improved trust recovery. Negotiation through a haptic interface should be considered an effective strategy to ensure function and cohesion in human-automation teams.ApplicationHuman-autonomy planning and team building.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208261483656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-Centered AI for Older Adults.","authors":"Sarah Allahvirdi, Maryam Zahabi","doi":"10.1177/00187208261490714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208261490714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo identify the needs of older adults when interacting with artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, and to propose design recommendations that can inform the development of future AI systems.BackgroundAI technologies are increasingly integrated into healthcare, education, and social applications for older adults. However, many AI systems fail to account for age-related cognitive, perceptual, and emotional changes, resulting in usability barriers, low trust, and limited adoption.MethodA systematic review of 93 studies categorized by application area identified challenges and user needs through thematic analysis, leading to proposed design recommendations. Two AI-powered platforms were then benchmarked against these design recommendations to assess their suitability for older adults.ResultsFindings highlighted older adults' concerns related to usability, personalization, privacy, and explainability of these technologies. Older adults preferred systems that respect human autonomy, adapt to user context and emotions, and offer clear, trustworthy explanations. A set of actionable design recommendations was proposed to improve AI-powered technologies for older adults. Analysis of two selected AI platforms suggested that these systems only partially aligned with the proposed recommendations.ConclusionThis study offers a set of design recommendations that can support the development of AI tools attuned to older adults' needs.ApplicationThis review identifies critical design gaps and offers actionable design recommendations. Findings can inform future participatory, interdisciplinary efforts in age-inclusive AI development.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208261490714"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Look at the Relationship Between Individual Differences in Cognitive Abilities and Automation-Assisted Performance.","authors":"Claire Textor, Richard Pak, Anne Collins McLaughlin, Randall Engle","doi":"10.1177/00187208261485051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208261485051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study explored whether and which cognitive abilities are supported by various levels of automation.BackgroundParasuraman's (2000) model of automation provided guidance for designing automation to augment cognitive tasks. Subsequent mixed empirical findings and evolving understanding of attention control in complex tasks suggested an evaluation of how automation supports cognition within a task was needed.MethodParticipants completed cognitive ability tests then a targeting task either manually or with information automation or decision automation.ResultsDecision automation supported working memory only when reliable, while attention control predicted performance regardless of automation level.ConclusionResults suggest automation can support specific processes like working memory, while attention control demands may persist across automation levels. However, because the task involved a relatively constrained form of automation, future research should examine whether these effects hold with more flexible, adaptive systems.ApplicationAutomation should target specific cognitive functions while recognizing that attention control demands may persist. Future research might investigate how other automation designs can better support this foundational ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208261485051"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149026797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Driver Adaptation Patterns During Remote Driving.","authors":"Xingjian Ma, Anthony D McDonald","doi":"10.1177/00187208261490983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208261490983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo identify driving maneuvers in remote driving under end-to-end latency and examine operator adaptation through within-session maneuver transitions.BackgroundRemote driving systems enable operators to control highly automated vehicles when systems encounter operational limits. End-to-end latency disrupts adaptation and vehicle control, although operators may adjust driving behavior. Research on within-session adaptation clusters and maneuvers emerging under latency remains limited.MethodThirty-six participants completed nine remote driving simulator sessions, navigating construction zones under end-to-end latencies (0-640 ms). Hidden Markov Models identified driving maneuvers from vehicle control data (speed, steering, throttle). Dynamic time warping and K-means clustering classified drives by maneuver-transition sequences. Chi-square tests and ANOVAs examined associations among adaptation clusters, participant-specific differences, experimental conditions, and human-factors measures, while participant-clustered factorial analysis examined maneuver composition.ResultsFour maneuvers (adapted, transitional, overcompensation, and compensatory) and three adaptation clusters (No adaptation, Rapid adaptation, and Gradual adaptation) emerged. Adaptation clusters were associated with participant-specific differences rather than latency conditions or repeated trials. Rapid adaptation drives were associated with lower workload and higher trust than No adaptation drives and showed a trend toward increasing trust, whereas trust significantly declined in No adaptation cluster.ConclusionRemote driving operators exhibit adaptation clusters characterized by maneuver-transition sequences. Transitional maneuvers reveal intermediate stages. Cluster distributions were more strongly associated with participant-specific differences than tested experimental conditions, with adaptation patterns differing in trust and workload.ApplicationTraining programs should assess adaptation capabilities and provide interventions rather than uniform protocols. Early cluster identification enables training on maneuver transitions that facilitate progression toward adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208261490983"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149018765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Unseen Guide: Visual Salience Affects Product Recognition Memory.","authors":"Mary L Still, Jeremiah D Still","doi":"10.1177/00187208261489929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208261489929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveComputationally defined visual salience can predict attentional deployment in complex, e-commerce displays but less is known about the effect of salience on later cognitive processes. For instance, can salience also predict later memory for e-commerce products? If so, visual salience could be leveraged to inform design.BackgroundOnline shopping environments provide a wealth of visual information, with numerous products competing for attention. When consumers visit e-commerce pages, they may not have a specific purchase goal. Understanding attentional guidance in these complex displays is critical. Visual salience may influence what products consumers notice and later remember.MethodsHigh- and low-salience products were identified in naturalistic e-commerce webpages using a computational model. During the experiment, participants viewed the webpages and were told their memory for all products would be tested. Recognition memory for individual products was then tested.ResultsParticipants demonstrated better recognition memory for products that had high visual salience, compared to low, within their studied e-commerce page. These memory results mirror the relationship that exists between overt attention and visual salience and extend them to show a persisting effect of salience on information processing.ConclusionVisual salience enhances product recognition memory in naturalistic e-commerce pages. A computational salience model can, therefore, be useful in predicting subsequent memory.ApplicationStudy results offer insights for e-commerce designers. A computational salience model can be leveraged to improve product visibility and memorability. The model is particularly useful for quantifying salience in complex displays where images vary across feature dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208261489929"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149013287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Protocol to Structured Gaze Patterns: The Effectiveness of Systematic Viewing in Remote Nautical Object Control.","authors":"Rutger Stuut, Ellemieke Van Doorn, Reinhard Heideman, Stefan Van der Stigchel, Christian P Janssen","doi":"10.1177/00187208261483515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208261483515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study examines the effectiveness of systematic viewing for closed-circuit television (CCTV) scanning within the domain of (remote) nautical object (bridge/lock) control.BackgroundSystematic viewing during nautical object control is assumed to mitigate the likelihood of missing critical information (e.g. road user) in CCTV streams by structuring operators' visual search. However, prior studies across domains have shown mixed results regarding whether structured scanning approaches enhance performance.MethodForty-two professional operators performed a remote-bridge-control simulation task in which unexpected critical events were embedded. Half of the participants received instructions in a systematic viewing protocol, while the other half operated without protocol guidance.ResultsOperators trained in the protocol showed significantly higher gaze systematicity with longer dwell times and higher coverage of protocol-defined CCTV areas. Despite these changes, both groups detected the same proportion of critical events. Looked-but-failed-to-see errors occurred more often than search errors overall, but the distribution of error types did not differ significantly between the groups. First fixations on the critical events occurred at similar times, although the no-protocol group responded significantly faster to the critical event. Gaze systematicity did not correlate with detection performance.ConclusionThe systematic viewing protocol successfully induced more structured viewing behaviour, with the protocol group engaging in more extensive scene inspection prior to initiating a response. However, higher gaze systematicity did not translate into improved detection performance.ApplicationSystematic viewing protocols can promote more extensive CCTV scanning among professional operators, but do not guarantee the detection of critical events.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208261483515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborative Decision-Making in Human-AI Versus Human-Human Teams: The Influence of Information Inquiry and Team Performance Expectations on Team Processes and Outcomes.","authors":"Sophie Kerstan, Gudela Grote, Jan B Schmutz","doi":"10.1177/00187208261477411","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208261477411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveWe investigate whether decision-making processes in human-AI teams mirror those in human-only teams in a task where team members hold common and unique information. Specifically, we examine how information inquiry and performance expectations influence these processes.BackgroundHuman-AI decision-making has traditionally been studied as a linear, segmented process where AI provides recommendations and humans make final decisions. However, recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) enable increasingly dynamic interactions similar to the collaborative processes in human-only teams, where members have to share and integrate unique information to reach decisions. Despite the potential for similar dynamics in human-AI teams, research on such configurations-particularly on when unique information is shared-remains limited.MethodWe conducted an experiment using a hidden profile task, a well-established paradigm in team research. We manipulated team type (<i>N</i>_human-AI = 98; <i>N</i>_human-only = 65, three-member teams) and information inquiry, and created conditions with differing performance expectations.ResultsInformation inquiry enhanced information sharing and, consequently, improved decision-making performance, irrespective of performance expectations and team type. Exploratory analyses suggested that while this effect was consistent across team types, information inquiry patterns may differ.ConclusionOur findings prompt avenues for future research on how humans' communication norms vary when interacting with AI versus human team members. Methodologically, this study demonstrates how established decision-making paradigms can be adapted to incorporate AI, offering insights into both human-only and human-AI team processes.ApplicationThe results have practical implications for designing AI systems that promote effective team decision-making by engaging in information inquiry.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208261477411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148907415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Workload Assessment in Procedural Tasks.","authors":"Niosh Basnet, Nicolas S Grimaldi, Yunmei Liu, Jia Deng, David Kaber, Jaime Ruiz, Maryam Zahabi","doi":"10.1177/00187208261476502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208261476502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo examine how task anomalies and time pressure influence cognitive workload in procedural tasks and to identify whether workload effects are transient or sustained.BackgroundProcedural tasks often involve sequential actions for which disruptions, such as operational anomalies or time pressure, may exceed operator capacity. Understanding the temporal dynamics of workload under these conditions is essential for designing adaptive systems to effectively support human performance.MethodThirty participants performed three cooking tasks under nominal and off-nominal conditions (trials with induced operational errors and time pressure). Workload was continuously assessed using subjective ratings and physiological measures including skin conductance level (SCL), percent change in pupil size (PCPS), and blink rate (BR).ResultsSubjective workload was consistently greater in off-nominal conditions. Physiological measures varied in sensitivity to the task condition and type of task: BR reliably indicated elevated task demands, PCPS was sensitive only under multiple operational anomalies, and SCL showed limited responsiveness to all factors. Two distinct workload patterns were observed: isolated operational anomalies led to transient workload spikes, while multiple accumulating anomalies produced sustained high-workload states, reflecting a \"workload history\" effect.ConclusionCognitive workload responses depend on both the type and accumulation of task disruptions. BR provides a robust real-time marker, while subjective ratings capture perceived effort.ApplicationFindings inform the design of adaptive support systems capable of distinguishing between momentary operational challenges and cumulative strain, enabling tailored operator assistance in procedural and safety-critical domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208261476502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Evaluation of Job Rotation: Biomechanical Risk, Body Discomfort, and Psychosocial Demands.","authors":"D J Rungere, A C Dondi, R Bellacov, M Omoifo-Irefo, M Taheri, A Ahire, H Nguyen, A Vence, S E Kotowski, S Gallagher, M J Jorgensen, K G Davis","doi":"10.1177/00187208261437519","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208261437519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a large set of specific job rotation schemes in reducing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) to workers.BackgroundJob rotation is one of the administrative controls promoted to reduce MSD risk, yet its effectiveness remains uncertain.MethodsThis study evaluated 82 job rotation schemes using ergonomic assessment tools: the Distal Upper Extremity Tool (DUET), the Lifting Fatigue Failure Tool (LiFFT), and The Shoulder Tool (TST), along with surveys assessing body discomfort and psychosocial demands. Outcomes were compared across individual jobs and the entire rotation scheme.ResultsMSD risk was similar across rotation schemes, regardless of the number of jobs in the rotation scheme and the position of the job within the rotation scheme. The risk associated with the overall job rotation scheme was found to exceed the sum of the individual jobs. Significant correlations were found between risk outcomes and body discomfort (DUET: hands and elbows, LiFFT: hips and back, and TST: shoulders). Psychosocial demands, particularly perceived effort, physical demand, and mental workload, increased with the number of jobs in the rotation scheme and were correlated with discomfort.ConclusionThis study revealed several important and unanticipated insights regarding job rotation practices, including: (1) most sites did not implement standardized rotation schemes, (2) MSD risk was not the only consideration in designing these rotation schemes, even though several companies had conducted ergonomic assessments, and (3) caution should be exercised when considering the broad adoption of job rotation as an administrative control.ApplicationJob rotation effectiveness hinges on balancing the risk across multiple body regions and minimizing the number of medium to high-risk jobs. This likely requires a trained ergonomist to identify jobs that provide adequate rest for different muscle groups, rather than merely meeting productivity demands.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"1129-1147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearing an Arm Support Exoskeleton Does Not Affect Balance but May Decrease Dynamic Stability During a Step-Down Maneuver.","authors":"Federico Arippa, Alan Barr, Brandon Phillips, Sunwook Kim, Maury A Nussbaum, Carisa Harris-Adamson","doi":"10.1177/00187208261441959","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208261441959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveAssess the effects of arm support exoskeletons (ASEs) on dynamic balance during dynamic tasks.BackgroundASEs can reduce muscle activation during labor-intensive tasks, potentially alleviating fatigue, discomfort, and injury risk. However, implications on worker safety, particularly regarding altered balance, remain a concern.MethodsWe evaluated the effects of three different ASEs on dynamic balance using postural sway parameters and the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI). Twenty-three healthy volunteers (7 F) performed a single-leg, step-down maneuver with and without ASEs.ResultsSway did not differ substantially across conditions, except for a slight increase in sway area in one comparison (18.3%, <i>η</i>_<i>p</i>^<i>2</i>≈0.07). In contrast, DPSI increased in all ASE conditions compared to no-ASE (6.1-10.1%, <i>η</i>_<i>p</i>^<i>2</i>≈0.05-0.10). A main effect of sex was found for sway and dynamic stability metrics, with females exhibiting greater postural excursions (13.5% higher sway and 9.3% higher DPSI on average, <i>η</i>_<i>p</i>^<i>2</i> up to 0.24). Height and body mass were negatively correlated with sway and DPSI parameters, suggesting a potential role of individual anthropometrics in modulating balance performance.ConclusionASEs do not impair balance during dynamic tasks such as a step-down maneuver and single-leg stance, but they may affect stabilization strategies, especially for individuals with low body mass and height.ApplicationThese findings support the potential for a cautious integration of ASEs in industrial settings, as these devices appear to have a minimal impact on balance during moderately dynamic tasks, but observed differences in DPSI highlight the need for careful evaluation in specific populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"1148-1163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147663122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}