Human Factors最新文献

{"title":"Safety Climate and Safety Behavior and Outcomes: A Comprehensive Systematic Review in Healthcare From the Perspective of Staff and Patients.","authors":"Anna Paolillo, Ally Memon, Vittorio Edoardo Scuderi","doi":"10.1177/00187208261456507","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208261456507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThe study aim was to review existing research on healthcare workers' safety climate, safety knowledge, and safety motivation as predictors of workers' safety behaviors. A second aim was to assess existing evidence of multiple spillover effects from workers' safety climate and safety behaviors to patient safety climate and safety behaviors and vice versa.BackgroundResearch has focused on patient safety but mainly investigated from the perspective of healthcare staff. A broader model of safety is proposed, where safer healthcare provision is achievable if both workers and patients participate in safety.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted. A total of 15,663 articles were screened, of which 43 met the inclusion criteria.ResultsThe impact of workers' safety climate could go beyond workers' safety performance to also include patients' safety climate, as well as their safety motivation and safety participation. Patient safety participation would, in turn, affect workers' safety compliance. Such results highlight patients' central role in healthcare safety for both service providers and users.ConclusionThis review offers a framework of safety that extends from healthcare workers to patients. It also emphasizes that patient participation can help staff safety performance, reducing the chance of errors, but it needs to be proactively encouraged by healthcare staff.ApplicationsThe insights can be used to develop interventions that improve both worker and patient safety through collaboration and co-participation. The proposed framework offers ideas and practical implications for healthcare organizations, practitioners, planners and policy makers to consider.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"1426-1451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148213472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Safe and Comfortable Vehicle Control Transitions: A Systematic Review of Takeover Time, Time Budget, and Takeover Outcomes.","authors":"Kexin Liang, Simeon C Calvert, J W C van Lint","doi":"10.1177/00187208261456057","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208261456057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis review systematically investigates the determination of sufficient time budgets in conditionally automated driving, focusing on the interplay between takeover time, allocated time budgets, and outcomes.BackgroundConditionally automated driving requires human drivers to resume vehicle control within limited time budgets when system limits are reached. However, the significant variability in drivers' takeover time (the time needed to regain control) poses challenges in balancing time budgets to avoid being too short (compromising safety and comfort) or too long (reducing driver alertness). Prior work lacks systematic exploration of sufficient time budgets across scenarios and drivers.MethodFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 100 articles are selected for review. Review papers are analyzed to extract overarching insights on time budget design, while primary empirical studies are examined to complement and validate the findings. We systematically synthesize evidence along the takeover sequence, covering (i) drivers' required takeover time, (ii) the time budgets provided by automated driving systems, and (iii) the resulting takeover outcomes. Based on the synthesis, we further discuss how the reviewed evidence informs the design of adaptive time budgets.ResultsThis review synthesizes evidence on the takeover sequence and shows that takeover time varies significantly across drivers and driving contexts. Fixed time budgets cannot accommodate such variability. Adaptive time budgets that adjust to driver takeover demands are therefore promising. We propose an adaptive framework in which the time budget is defined as the sum of a predicted takeover time and an additional takeover buffer. To support this framework, the review identifies a qualitative inverted-U relationship among takeover time, time budget, and takeover outcomes: outcomes improve when the time budget exceeds the predicted takeover time, but deteriorate when the budget becomes unnecessarily long.ConclusionStructuring the takeover sequence clarifies trade-offs in time budget design. Adaptive approaches that estimate takeover time and allocate an appropriate takeover buffer to achieve targeted outcomes show promise yet warrant further investigation.ApplicationInsights can optimize human-vehicle interactions for safe and comfortable takeovers, thus promoting public trust and acceptance of conditionally automated driving.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"1471-1499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-Artificial Intelligence Collaborative Decision-Making in Emergencies: Relative Advantage Theory.","authors":"Xiangying Zou, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau","doi":"10.1177/00187208261450138","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208261450138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study proposes Relative Advantage Theory to explain decision-making mechanisms in emergencies where humans collaborate with AI systems, and provides initial empirical evidence consistent with its core assumptions.BackgroundWhile artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance decision-making efficiency and accuracy in emergencies, the mechanisms underlying human use of AI in such contexts remain poorly understood.MethodParticipants completed a simulated emergency response task. The experiment employed a 2 (time pressure: with vs. without) × 2 (AI role: expert vs. assistant) within-subjects design, measuring perceived self-capability, perceived AI capability, compliance, and electroencephalography (EEG) activity during the task.ResultsTime pressure and AI role influenced compliance through relative advantage (perceived AI capability minus perceived self-capability). Higher relative advantage values predicted higher compliance rates.ConclusionFindings across different time pressures and AI role support Relative Advantage Theory, which provides a potential explanation for inconsistencies reported in prior studies.ApplicationThe findings offer theoretical insights for designing AI systems optimized for emergency use.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"1452-1470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147977574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Evaluation of Explanation Types in a Spaceflight-Relevant Human-Autonomy Teaming Task.","authors":"Mark Boyer, Adrian Robinson, Torin K Clark, Zachary Sunberg","doi":"10.1177/00187208261457703","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208261457703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study evaluates how explanation type in an explainable AI (XAI) human-autonomy teaming (HAT) task affects performance, workload, trust, situation awareness (SA), and preference in a dynamic, spaceflight-relevant simulator. Second, we introduce a holistic evaluation method for comparing XAI systems across multiple outcomes.BackgroundXAI aims to improve understanding, calibrate trust, and enhance performance of an HAT, but the impact of explanation type in realistic, high-taskload HAT settings remains underexplored.MethodParticipants (<math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>31</mn></mrow></math>) completed 18 trials in a dual-task simulator requiring manual rover driving while supervising an autonomous exploration agent. Participants received various combinations of global, contrastive, and deductive explanations for AI-generated routes, with incentives tied to performance.ResultsExplanation type significantly affected manual performance (<math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.0003</mn></mrow></math>), autonomy performance (<math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.0001</mn></mrow></math>), team performance (<math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.0001</mn></mrow></math>), workload (<math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.0001</mn></mrow></math>), trust (<math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.0001</mn></mrow></math>), and preference (<math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.001</mn></mrow></math>), but not SA (<math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.41</mn></mrow></math>). Participants preferred global and contrastive explanations, performing better with their preferred explanation (<math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.049</mn></mrow></math>).ConclusionExplanation type influences performance and perception in demanding HAT contexts. A standardized, multi-metric evaluation framework is essential for understanding tradeoffs in XAI design.ApplicationIn HAT tasks like space exploration where users must quickly make decisions with an AI teammate, designers must consider the explanation method for XAI explanations. Our human-centered evaluation found a contrastive + global explanation combination was the best in our HAT task across a range of performance and preference metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"1385-1405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148177273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's in a Name? Implications of AI Roles and Mind Perception for Human-AI Teams.","authors":"Alexandra M Harris-Watson, Changyoon Byun, Lindsay E Larson","doi":"10.1177/00187208261457702","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208261457702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveWe examine how artificial intelligence (AI) roles (teammate, support, tool) shape acceptance via the mind perception subdimensions of agency and conscious experience.BackgroundAdoption of the term AI \"teammate\" has outpaced evidence of the term's impact. Such reframing does not guarantee that the benefits of human teamwork will extend to human-AI teams. Understanding the potential benefits and risks of reframing AI as a teammate is essential for guiding effective integration.MethodsAcross three studies-one survey of employees who use AI at least weekly (Study 1) and two experimental vignette designs (Studies 2-3)-we examined the relationship between AI roles and acceptance using both technology-centered (technology acceptance model, cognitive trust) and human-centered (affective trust) perspectives. This design distinguished role <i>perception</i> from <i>presentation</i> (Study 1 versus Studies 2-3).ResultsAs hypothesized, \"teammate\" was associated with higher AI mind perception relative to less collaborative roles. While <i>perceiving</i> AI as a teammate showed only positive relationships with acceptance, <i>presenting</i> AI as a teammate was negatively related to some acceptance outcomes after controlling for mind perception. Further, agency and conscious experience were differentially related to technology- and human-centered outcomes, supporting the importance of integrating both perspectives.ConclusionShifting AI roles from tool to teammate may enhance acceptance via mind perception, but forcing labels may have hidden costs.ApplicationsCollaborative AI roles such as \"teammate\" should be strategically implemented and aligned with intended mind perception and outcomes. Intermediate labels such as \"support\" may be more appropriate for describing the roles of today's AI systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"1523-1553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Heavy Personal Protection Equipment on Muscle Activation and Motor Behavior During Explosive Ordnance Disposal Operations.","authors":"Yi-Ning Wu, Adam Norton, Michael R Zielinski, Tyler D Parker, Hannah Allgood, Cooper Ferrari","doi":"10.1177/00187208261453351","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208261453351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo investigate muscle activation and movement behavior in the lower back and legs during selected explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) operational tasks to evaluate the impact of EOD personal protective equipment (PPE) on performance and the body.BackgroundEOD PPE is designed to shield technicians from blast-related threats. However, the protective features make the PPE heavy, and restrictive to movement. It remains unclear how wearers adapt their movement under these constraints.MethodSixteen participants performed six EOD operational tasks ranked the most challenging and frequently encountered. Electromyography (EMG), force plates, and motion capture system were used to measure the movement while the tasks were performed with and without wearing EOD PPE.ResultsEMG results show task-dependent, asymmetrical muscle activation, with greater demands during physically intensive tasks such as bending, lifting, and stair climbing. A trend of decreased ankle muscle activation was observed when carrying a heavy load. Reduced center of pressure displacement was noted during tasks such as bending and rising from kneeling.ConclusionWearing EOD PPE amplifies muscle demands, particularly in the thigh muscles during movements requiring postural adjustment and lifting and may increase stiffness or restrict movement. Elevated thigh muscle activity across tasks, together with restricted mobility, increases the hip's vulnerability to overuse and musculoskeletal injury.ApplicationAltered motor behavior from wearing EOD PPE has implications for other PPE uses. Understanding human motor adaptation during operations supports prevention strategies such as exoskeletons, ergonomic designs, and targeted training, to reduce musculoskeletal strain, sustain performance, and protect long-term health.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"1500-1522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147990340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye Movement Patterns Under Exposure to Spatial Disorientation Illusions During Simulated Flight.","authors":"Maya Harel, Idan Nakdimon, Alon Itzkovitch, Oded Ben-Ari, Tom Schonberg","doi":"10.1177/00187208261452147","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208261452147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo identify eye movement patterns that are correlated with spatial disorientation (SD) events during flights in a flight simulator that induces SD.BackgroundSpatial Disorientation is one of the main causes for aviation mishaps. It can result from illusions caused by misinterpreted vestibular or visual sensory cues, leading to an incorrect perception of an aircraft's position, attitude, or motion. SD prevention is of great importance, as there is currently no objective tool to identify its occurrence.MethodEye movements of 45 participants (30 aircrew members, 15 cadets) were recorded using Tobii Pro Glasses 2 in a Gyro-IPT SD flight simulator. Illusions were either vestibular or visual. Gaze metrics such as fixations, saccades (rapid gaze shift between two points), and visits were compared between subjects who experienced SD and those who did not. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify significant differences.ResultsAmong 284 flight profiles, 136 SD occurrences were recorded (48%). During visual illusions the participants who more frequently checked the instrument panel had a higher chance of avoiding SD. In contrast, during vestibular illusions, participants who examined the head-up display (HUD) more frequently had a lower probability of SD occurrence.ConclusionMitigating SD requires distinct eye-movement strategies tailored to the illusion type. Our results suggest that to mitigate visual illusions, there is a need for greater instrument panel focus, whereas to mitigate vestibular illusions, increased HUD engagement is needed, as opposed to the current instructions.ApplicationOur findings may inform training programs to enhance performance in high-risk SD flight profiles. Additionally, results support the potential development of a real-time SD alert system for aircraft, aiming to mitigate or prevent SD-related incidents.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"1406-1425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Eyes on the Network\" - Task Complexity and Expertise Shape Visual Strategies and Mental Workload in Rail Traffic Control.","authors":"Vishwajeet Ransing, Satyajit Upasani, Konstantinos Triantis, Bart Roets, Divya Srinivasan","doi":"10.1177/00187208261494303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208261494303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveEvaluate the sensitivity of eye-tracking metrics to variations in mental workload in rail traffic control, and how they may be modulated by operator experience.BackgroundRail traffic control is a safety-critical domain characterized by high cognitive demands. While subjective workload measures are widely used, objective, real-time indicators, particularly eye-tracking metrics, remain underexplored.MethodEighteen professional rail traffic controllers (9 novice, 9 experienced) performed a simulation-based experiment involving four different scenarios with varying traffic density and task complexity, while wearing a head-mounted eye tracker. Measures of gaze behavior and visual strategies (fixations in different areas of interest (AOI)) were computed, and compared to subjective workload measures, to assess the effects of task difficulty and experience.ResultsSome measures like pupil dilation showed substantial changes (by ∼100%), while others like stationary gaze entropy showed more modest changes (∼40%), with increased task demand. Measures such as fixation rate revealed significant interaction effects with experience, indicating distinct visual strategies of novices vs. experts. Compared to experts, novices relied more on global overview displays under higher workload, and reduced planning-related information use, as revealed by AOI analysis. Subjective workload measures corroborated with increases in perceived demand.ConclusionThis study advances mental workload assessment in rail traffic control by demonstrating that eye-tracking metrics are sensitive to workload variations, and also reveal underlying cognitive strategies unique to expertise.ApplicationThese findings support the development of real-time workload monitoring systems and inform training interventions focused on information integration and cognitive strategies in rail traffic control operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208261494303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Team Heart Rate Dynamics and Performance in a Simulation-Based Cooperative Task: A Multidimensional Recurrence Quantification Analysis (MdRQA) Approach.","authors":"Ryan Thomas Villarreal, Gregory Funke, Michael Tolston, Denny Yu","doi":"10.1177/00187208261494327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208261494327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study examined whether multidimensional recurrence quantification analysis (MdRQA) metrics derived from team heart rate data predict team performance and team workload under varied team and task demands.BackgroundAssessing team performance in operational environments is challenging. Traditional approaches require task interruptions or ground-truth data that are often unavailable. Physiological sensing offers a less-intrusive approach, yet most applications aggregate individual-level data or rely on simple pairwise metrics that do not represent how coupling is organized across the whole team. MdRQA instead embeds multivariate time series into a shared phase space, but evidence linking MdRQA metrics to team outcomes remains limited and mixed.MethodTwenty triads completed a cooperative virtual reality choice reaction time task across four conditions manipulating interdependence and time pressure. MdRQA metrics (percent determinism, average diagonal line length, diagonal line entropy) were extracted from heart rate interbeat interval data. Linear mixed-effects models tested whether these metrics predicted self-reported team workload and team performance outcomes including sensitivity and response bias from signal detection theory.ResultsLonger sustained coupling predicted increased sensitivity and fewer errors, while greater entropy predicted poorer performance. Higher determinism and lower entropy predicted a more liberal response bias. MdRQA metrics did not predict perceived workload beyond condition effects.ConclusionMdRQA metrics reflect joint physiological dynamics and predict performance outcomes in triads beyond the effects of task demands alone.ApplicationContinuously computed physiological coupling metrics may serve as less-intrusive, real-time proxies for team performance in operational environments where traditional assessment is infeasible.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208261494327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Older Adults' Preferences for Virtual Reality Applications to Support Social and Cognitive Engagement.","authors":"Shenghao Zhang, Pallabi Bhowmick, George Mois, Jerad Moxley, Avinash Gupta, Sara J Czaja, Walter R Boot, Neil Charness, Wendy A Rogers","doi":"10.1177/00187208261495720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208261495720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveTo assess older adults' experience, attitudes, and interests toward virtual reality (VR) applications as part of an early phase in the user-centered focused development of the Cognitive Activity Social Technology (CAST) VR system.BackgroundVR offers opportunities to enhance health and well-being in older adults by promoting cognitive, activity, social, and technology engagement. However, limited research has examined older adults' user experience and perceptions.MethodA multi-site study was conducted with 48 community-dwelling older adults aged 65-90. Participants interacted with 16 VR applications through hands-on sessions and first-person video demonstrations. They rated user experience, overall attitudes toward VR, and interest in using VR for various activities.ResultsMost applications were rated as enjoyable, interesting, and easy to use, with minimal reports of physical discomfort. Participants expressed the greatest interest in VR for art, cultural experiences, education, entertainment, and travel, while showing less interest in VR-based social interaction and fitness. Overall, participants found VR technology to be enjoyable and easy to use, but were neutral about VR's usefulness, likely due to the productivity-oriented nature of the usefulness measure.ConclusionThe findings demonstrated the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of VR applications for cognitive and activity engagement among older adults.ApplicationResults highlight the importance of designing VR experiences that align with older adults' preferences and needs. Findings inform user-centered design of VR systems to enhance cognitive engagement, social connectivity, and well-being among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":" ","pages":"187208261495720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}