Human Factors最新文献

{"title":"Modeling Human Steering Behavior in Haptic Shared Control of Autonomy-Enabled Unmanned Ground Vehicles.","authors":"Chen Li, Michael Cole, Paramsothy Jayakumar, Tulga Ersal","doi":"10.1177/00187208221129717","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208221129717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A human steering model for teleoperated driving is extended to capture the human steering behavior in haptic shared control of autonomy-enabled Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs).</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Prior studies presented human steering models for teleoperation of a passenger-sized Unmanned Ground Vehicle, where a human is fully in charge of driving. However, these models are not applicable when a human needs to interact with autonomy in haptic shared control of autonomy-enabled UGVs. How a human operator reacts to the presence of autonomy needs to be studied and mathematically encapsulated in a module to capture the collaboration between human and autonomy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Human subject tests are conducted to collect data in haptic shared control for model development and validation. The ACT-R architecture and two-point steering model used in the previous literature are adopted to predict the operator's desired steering angle. A torque conversion module is developed to convert the steering command from the ACT-R model to human torque input, thus enabling haptic shared control with autonomy. A parameterization strategy is described to find the set of model parameters that optimize the haptic shared control performance in terms of minimum average lane keeping error (ALKE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model predicts the minimum ALKE human subjects achieve in shared control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The extended model can successfully predict the best haptic shared control performance as measured by ALKE.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>This model can be used in place of human operators, enabling fully simulation-based engineering, in the development and evaluation of haptic shared control technologies for autonomy-enabled UGVs, including control negotiation strategies and autonomy capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33492718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Adaptive Human-Robotic Interaction Architecture for Augmenting Surgery Performance Using Real-Time Workload Sensing-Demonstration of a Semi-autonomous Suction Tool.","authors":"Jing Yang, Juan Antonio Barragan, Jason Michael Farrow, Chandru P Sundaram, Juan P Wachs, Denny Yu","doi":"10.1177/00187208221129940","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208221129940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study developed and evaluated a mental workload-based adaptive automation (MWL-AA) that monitors surgeon cognitive load and assist during cognitively demanding tasks and assists surgeons in robotic-assisted surgery (RAS).</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The introduction of RAS makes operators overwhelmed. The need for precise, continuous assessment of human mental workload (MWL) states is important to identify when the interventions should be delivered to moderate operators' MWL.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The MWL-AA presented in this study was a semi-autonomous suction tool. The first experiment recruited ten participants to perform surgical tasks under different MWL levels. The physiological responses were captured and used to develop a real-time multi-sensing model for MWL detection. The second experiment evaluated the effectiveness of the MWL-AA, where nine brand-new surgical trainees performed the surgical task with and without the MWL-AA. Mixed effect models were used to compare task performance, objective- and subjective-measured MWL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed system predicted high MWL hemorrhage conditions with an accuracy of 77.9%. For the MWL-AA evaluation, the surgeons' gaze behaviors and brain activities suggested lower perceived MWL with MWL-AA than without. This was further supported by lower self-reported MWL and better task performance in the task condition with MWL-AA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A MWL-AA systems can reduce surgeons' workload and improve performance in a high-stress hemorrhaging scenario. Findings highlight the potential of utilizing MWL-AA to enhance the collaboration between the autonomous system and surgeons. Developing a robust and personalized MWL-AA is the first step that can be used do develop additional use cases in future studies.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>The proposed framework can be expanded and applied to more complex environments to improve human-robot collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40485600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Safety Approach for Improving Security - Effective Coordination Strategies at the Airport Security Screening Checkpoint.","authors":"Stephanie Walter, Jan B Schmutz, Gudela Grote","doi":"10.1177/00187208221121411","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208221121411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to analyze effective teamwork at security checkpoints by investigating how security crews communicate in different (routine and threat) situations.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Working at an airport security screening checkpoint is challenging. Although tasks and processes are highly regulated and standardized due to legal requirements, security screeners must be trained to deal with unforeseen threat situations involving high levels of uncertainty. Therefore, security crews need to engage in flexible and adaptive coordination according to the situation and circumstances.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a field study with 20 airport security screening crews comprising 100 security screeners. Teamwork in terms of interaction between crew members was measured, differentiating between proactive \"push\" communication and information on request representing \"pull\" communication. Furthermore, non-task related communication was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While crews showed non-task related communication more in routine situations, both task-related \"push\" and \"pull\" communication occurred more in threat situations. In terms of team performance, we could show significant positive effects of proactive \"push\" communication and non-task related interaction in threat situations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results underscore the specific setting of airport security screening and the challenges that arise for teamwork. This study investigates professional screeners and passengers in the field. In contrast to other high-risk areas, security crews are confronted with a third party that complicates coordination strategies considered effective in previous studies.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Our findings recommend situation-specific communication strategies for practical training for airport security screening crews.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40347694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How (where) Does Music Background Hamper Driver Behaviour?","authors":"Warren Brodsky, Avinoam Borowsky","doi":"10.1177/00187208221127939","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208221127939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study examined the effects of music on Hazard Perception - a skill that serves as a proxy for safe driving.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>There is contradictory evidence whether or not music engagement leads to decremented driver performance and compromises traffic safety.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In the study, 36 participants performed a standard Video-Based Hazard Perception Test under three aural conditions: Road and Traffic Sounds (RS); RS + Driver-Preferred Music; RS + Alternative Music.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show no effect of aural backgrounds (including music) on the situation awareness portion of the driving task.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Music background might affect later stages of the driving task such as response selection and/or response execution (mitigation).</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>The investigation of human factors related to vehicular control should include how (where) music might trigger failures in perception and/or behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40373968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vigilance to Spatialized Auditory Displays: Initial Assessment of Performance and Workload.","authors":"Eric T Greenlee, Lucas J Hess, Brian D Simpson, Victor S Finomore","doi":"10.1177/00187208221139744","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208221139744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study was designed to evaluate human performance and workload associated with an auditory vigilance task that required spatial discrimination of auditory stimuli.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Spatial auditory displays have been increasingly developed and implemented into settings that require vigilance toward auditory spatial discrimination and localization (e.g., collision avoidance warnings). Research has yet to determine whether a vigilance decrement could impede performance in such applications.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants completed a 40-minute auditory vigilance task in either a spatial discrimination condition or a temporal discrimination condition. In the spatial discrimination condition, participants differentiated sounds based on differences in spatial location. In the temporal discrimination condition, participants differentiated sounds based on differences in stimulus duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Correct detections and false alarms declined during the vigilance task, and each did so at a similar rate in both conditions. The overall level of correct detections did not differ significantly between conditions, but false alarms occurred more frequently within the spatial discrimination condition than in the temporal discrimination condition. NASA-TLX ratings and pupil diameter measurements indicated no differences in workload.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results indicated that tasks requiring auditory spatial discrimination can induce a vigilance decrement; and they may result in inferior vigilance performance, compared to tasks requiring discrimination of auditory duration.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Vigilance decrements may impede performance and safety in settings that depend on sustained attention to spatial auditory displays. Display designers should also be aware that auditory displays that require users to discriminate differences in spatial location may result in poorer discrimination performance than non-spatial displays.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40456965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Relationship Between a Cognitive Dissonance State and Musculoskeletal Injury: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Eric B Weston, Afton L Hassett, Safdar N Khan, Tristan E Weaver, William S Marras","doi":"10.1177/00187208221120459","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208221120459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the potential link between cognitive dissonance or its related constructs (emotional dissonance, emotional labor) and musculoskeletal disorders.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>The etiology of musculoskeletal disorders is complex, as pain arises from complex interactions among physical, social, and psychological stressors. It is possible that the psychological factor of cognitive dissonance may contribute to the etiology and/or maintenance of musculoskeletal disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, and CINAHL Plus databases were searched for studies investigating cognitive dissonance or its related constructs as exposure(s) of interest and outcomes related to physical health (including, but not limited to, musculoskeletal pain). Risk of bias was assessed using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The literature search yielded 7 studies eligible for inclusion. None of the included studies investigated cognitive dissonance directly but instead investigated dissonance-related constructs of emotional dissonance and emotional labor, in which a mismatch between required and felt emotions might elicit a psychological response consistent with the cognitive dissonance state. Moderate effect sizes between dissonance-related constructs and musculoskeletal disorders were noted (OR 1.25-2.22).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is likely a relationship between the two factors studied. However, as the included studies were cross-sectional in nature, a causal relationship between cognitive dissonance-related constructs and musculoskeletal disorders cannot be inferred. Therefore, future study proposing and validating a causal pathway between these variables is warranted.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Cognitive dissonance and its related constructs may serve as risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders that have not been considered previously.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40348730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Neonatal Pulse Oximetry Sounds for the First Minutes of Life: A Laboratory Trial.","authors":"Hugh Clarke, Samnang Leav, Jelena Zestic, Ismail Mohamed, Isaac Salisbury, Penelope Sanderson","doi":"10.1177/00187208221118472","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208221118472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Auditory enhancements to the pulse oximetry tone may help clinicians detect deviations from target ranges for oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and heart rate (HR).</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical guidelines recommend target ranges for SpO₂ and HR during neonatal resuscitation in the first 10 minutes after birth. The pulse oximeter currently maps HR to tone rate, and SpO₂ to tone pitch. However, deviations from target ranges for SpO₂ and HR are not easy to detect.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty-one participants were presented with 30-second simulated scenarios of an infant's SpO₂ and HR levels in the first minutes after birth. Tremolo marked distinct HR ranges and formants marked distinct SpO₂ ranges. Participants were randomly allocated to conditions: (a) No Enhancement control, (b) Enhanced HR Only, (c) Enhanced SpO₂ Only, and (d) Enhanced Both.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants in the Enhanced HR Only and Enhanced SpO₂ Only conditions identified HR and SpO₂ ranges, respectively, more accurately than participants in the No Enhancement condition, ps < 0.001. In the Enhanced Both condition, the tremolo enhancement of HR did not affect participants' ability to identify SpO₂ range, but the formants enhancement of SpO₂ may have attenuated participants' ability to identify tremolo-enhanced HR range.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tremolo and formant enhancements improve range identification for HR and SpO₂, respectively, and could improve clinicians' ability to identify SpO₂ and HR ranges in the first minutes after birth.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Enhancements to the pulse oximeter tone to indicate clinically important ranges could improve the management of oxygen delivery to the neonate during resuscitation in the first 10 minutes after birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40629267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's that on Your Phone? Effects of Mobile Device Task Type on Pedestrian Performance.","authors":"Elise Labonte-LeMoyne, Ann-Frances Cameron, Sylvain Sénécal, Marc Fredette, Jocelyn Faubert, Franco Lepore, Pierre-Majorique Léger","doi":"10.1177/00187208221141175","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208221141175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The number of accidents due to distracted pedestrian is on the rise and many governments and institutions are enacting public policies which restrict texting while walking. However, pedestrians do more than just texting when they use their mobile devices on the go.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Exploring pedestrian multitasking, this paper aims to examine the effects of mobile device task type on pedestrian performance outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We performed two studies in lab simulations where 78 participants were asked to perform different tasks on a mobile device (playing a game, reading, writing an email, texting one person, group texting) while performing a pedestrian visual discrimination task while either standing or walking on a treadmill. Behavioral performance as well as neurophysiological data are collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results show that compared to a no-phone control, multitasking with any of the tasks on a mobile device leads to poor performance on a pedestrian visual discrimination task. Playing a game is the most cognitively demanding task and leads to the greatest performance degradation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our studies show that multitasking with a mobile device has the potential to negatively impact pedestrian safety, regardless of task type. However, the impacts of different mobile device tasks are not all equivalent. More research is needed to tease out the different effects of these various tasks and to design mobile applications which effectively and safely capture pedestrians' attention.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Public policy, infrastructure, and smart technologies can be used to mitigate the negative effects of mobile multitasking. A more thorough understanding of mobile device task-specific factors at play can help tailor these counter-measures to better aid distracted pedestrians.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10900866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40706861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incompatibility Influences Cursor Placement When Pointing to Images of Cups.","authors":"James G Phillips, Arend W A Van Gemmert, Barry Hughes","doi":"10.1177/00187208221121203","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208221121203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>As images are used within graphical user interfaces to signify menu selection, it is important to understand how image properties can influence cursor placement online.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Objects have multiple dimensions that create potential ambiguity and Stroop-like confusions for the operator if a previously <i>habitual</i> response conflicts with the <i>required</i> response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To examine the impact of compatibility and other contextual factors, 41 participants used a computer Mouse or touch screen to place the cursor upon images of full or empty cups that varied in size, and direction of handle.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cursor placements took longer using the Mouse than touch screen. Although participants were placing the cursor on images, the size of the cup, whether it was empty or full, and the handle orientation interacted in their effects upon response duration and cursor placement. The effects of cup size reversed for empty cups or those with incompatible handles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Context can influence cursor placement. Perceived spillability influenced precision requirements, and the cup handle can serve as target or a flanking distractor.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>Image content can influence screen hotspots. As performance can change with cup spillability, this bodes well for attempts to detect intent from cursor trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40617220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Human Performance Models for Prediction of Driver Behavior and Interactions With In-Vehicle Technology.","authors":"Junho Park, Maryam Zahabi","doi":"10.1177/00187208221132740","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00187208221132740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the use of human performance modeling (HPM) approach for prediction of driver behavior and interactions with in-vehicle technology.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>HPM has been applied in numerous human factors domains such as surface transportation as it can quantify and predict human performance; however, there has been no integrated literature review for predicting driver behavior and interactions with in-vehicle technology in terms of the characteristics of methods used and variables explored.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic literature review was conducted using Compendex, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. As a result, 100 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed by the authors. Model characteristics and variables were summarized to identify the research gaps and to provide a lookup table to select an appropriate method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings provided information on how to select an appropriate HPM based on a combination of independent and dependent variables. The review also summarized the characteristics, limitations, applications, modeling tools, and theoretical bases of the major HPMs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provided a summary of state-of-the-art on the use of HPM to model driver behavior and use of in-vehicle technology. We provided a table that can assist researchers to find an appropriate modeling approach based on the study independent and dependent variables.</p><p><strong>Application: </strong>The findings of this study can facilitate the use of HPM in surface transportation and reduce the learning time for researchers especially those with limited modeling background.</p>","PeriodicalId":56333,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40340631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}