Transportation Geotechnics最新文献

{"title":"Deep learning–based data anomaly detection for highway slope structural health monitoring: A comparative study","authors":"Shi Dong ,&nbsp;Zhiyou Long ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianwei Wang ,&nbsp;Chen Zuo ,&nbsp;Chao Yang ,&nbsp;Jinyi Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Cui ,&nbsp;Zhaolong Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highway slope instability has a significant influence on traffic safety. However, there are many anomalies in slope SHM data, which is critical to timely warnings and safety assessments of slopes. In this paper, we carried out a multi-case comparative study of deep learning models to examine the recognition accuracy of anomalous data. First, our program collected the monitoring data from the Baihe and Lueyang slopes of the Shi-Tian expressway in Shaanxi province. Six categories of abnormal data were found using K-means clustering. Second, based on the time response images, the frequency response and Gramian Angular Field (GAF) images were superimposed to improve the model’s ability to identify six types of data anomalies. Third, we employed combo loss to tackle the data imbalance problem by incorporating dice loss and focal loss. Last, we conducted a comparative study of nine deep learning models to investigate the anomaly detection capability with the combo loss function. The results indicated that a combination of frequency response and GAF images can effectively improve the identification of abnormal data. The combo loss with equal weights significantly improved specific anomaly categories’ performance. In addition, the performance of ResNet50, EfficientNetB1, and Vision Mamba exhibited impressive classification accuracy, generalization ability, and computational efficiency. Our investigation has the potential to recognize slope SHM data abnormal types in various scenarios, further improving the precision of subsequent slope capability analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different reinforcement strategies in cap-pile regions on the lateral bearing performance of a broken wharf in waterway traffic","authors":"Yue Yuan ,&nbsp;Chunning Ji ,&nbsp;Zhen Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The batter piles of a pile-supported wharf are severely damaged under excessive lateral loads, and effective reinforcement strategies are of great concern. In this paper, the effect of different reinforcement strategies on the lateral bearing performance of the wharf, taking into account the pile-soil interaction, was investigated using centrifuge test and numerical simulation. The results showed that both reinforcement strategies were effective in improving performance, with results generally aligning with those of the intact wharf in terms of load–displacement relationships, and significantly reduced the magnitudes of pile lateral deflection, soil pressure, bending moment, and shear force compared to the broken wharf. However, the concrete jacketing method resulted in larger lateral deflections in the middle sections of the retrofitted batter piles, and then abruptly reduced to match those of the steel-bonding method in the cap-pile regions. The degree of abrupt changes of bending moment in retrofitted batter piles was more distinct in the concrete jacketing wharf than that in the steel-bonding wharf. The steel-bonding method distributed the lateral load more evenly than the concrete jacketing, which involved more abrupt changes in shear forces. Overall, although the performance of both retrofitting methods was slightly better than that of the intact wharf at component level, the steel-bonding method appeared to prove superior due to the smaller change in stiffness and the more even distribution of lateral loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of fracture mechanics of PET fiber-reinforced soils based on flexural tests and imaging techniques","authors":"Carolina Hernández ,&nbsp;Eduardo Botero ,&nbsp;Gloria Beltrán","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An emerging alternative to improve the mechanical properties of fine soils susceptible to cracking is the addition of fibers obtained from reused synthetic materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The technical literature on the fracture mechanics of PET fiber-reinforced soils is rather scarce, so there has been insufficient progress in determining fracture parameters and standardized procedures to find optimal reinforcement conditions. This research uses experimental techniques to induce tensile stresses in clayey silty soil samples from the Valley of Mexico reinforced with different fiber contents. By applying approaches based on linear elastic and elastoplastic theory, parameters useful for the study of fracture mechanics and flexural strength of PET-reinforced soil were estimated: tensile strength, critical energy release rate, critical stress intensity factor, and contour integral for crack propagation under plasticity. In addition, imaging techniques are used to measure the deformations generated in bending tests of reinforced soil beams and to study crack propagation from initiation to maximum stresses. The addition of PET fibers significantly improved soil response by reducing cracking, increasing tensile strength, and providing ductile behavior as cracking progressed. These effects indicate the great potential of recycled PET fibers as a subgrade improvement method for soft, cracking soil deposits, or even for earthworks and slope stabilization in clayey soils on road projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101486"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the unbonded sections of fully grouted rock bolts using a microphone","authors":"Seonghun Kang ,&nbsp;Jung-Doung Yu ,&nbsp;Dongsoo Lee ,&nbsp;Jong-Sub Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In fully grouted rock bolts, unbonded sections may exist at any location within holes. This study aims to investigate the integrity of grouted rock bolts using a microphone and rock-bolt model tests. Rock bolts having different unbonded lengths are prepared in a concrete block. Longitudinal and flexural vibrations are generated on the rebar by applying axial and transverse hammer impacts on the rock-bolt head. The acoustic wave from each vibration is evaluated using a microphone, and the frequency responses to the vibrations are analyzed. The results show that as the unbonded length increases, the predominant frequency of the longitudinal vibrations decreases and the flexibility of the flexural vibrations increases. This study demonstrates that the integrity of grouted rock bolts without accessories can be evaluated by microphones and frequency–response analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of rail-mounted quasi-distributed optical fiber sensors for monitoring track transitions","authors":"Mahsa Gharizadehvarnosefaderani ,&nbsp;Md. Fazle Rabbi ,&nbsp;Cameron D. Stuart ,&nbsp;Debakanta Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regular inspections of railroad tracks help ensure safe and cost-effective operating conditions. Inspection of track transitions is especially critical as these locations are subjected to high loads that can result in rapid deterioration. Optical Fiber Sensors (OFSs) represent one of the latest technologies for long-term, continuous structural health monitoring in harsh environments like railroad tracks. This paper presents findings from an ongoing research study evaluating the suitability of OFSs for monitoring and real-time condition assessment of track transitions. This paper reports on the laboratory and numerical modeling performance of the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) type of OFS. Data collected using FBG sensors are compared with those from conventional sensors such as strain gauges and Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs). The results confirm that rail mounted FBG sensors can accurately measure strain values under different levels of loading. Rail deflections calculated from these strain values match well with deflections measured using LVDTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 101487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical solution for settlement of pile-supported reinforced low embankment considering lateral friction along pile shaft","authors":"Chuanxiang Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhaoxin Guo ,&nbsp;Zhiquan Xing ,&nbsp;Jinhuo Zheng ,&nbsp;Peng Liu ,&nbsp;Fuquan Chen ,&nbsp;Xuezhong Jiang ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Yu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The settlement formula for pile-supported reinforced embankment is established by improving the elastic foundation beam method and combining the column unit method. The traditional Winkler beams is replaced by the Timoshenko beams, and the constraint of the height of fill can be neglected because the lateral friction on the pile side is considered in the column unit method. The presented method is employed to analyze a practical engineering and compared with other methods. The results are shown to be reasonable. The effects of the variation of parameters such as pile spacing (<em>s</em>), thickness of load transfer platform (LTP) (<em>h</em>) and tensile stiffness of the geosynthetic (<em>S_r</em>) on the pile lateral friction and the settlement of pile-supported reinforced embankment are investigated. As <em>s/d</em> increases, the elastic zone with lateral friction resistance becomes shorter and shorter. The plastic zones at both ends become longer and longer. The maximum settlement generally increases with the increase of <em>s/d</em>. When <em>s/d</em> ≤ 4, the maximum settlement increases little, but when <em>s/d</em> &gt; 4, the maximum settlement increases large, and the rate is 4 ∼ 5 times of <em>s/d</em> ≤ 4. With the increase of <em>h/s</em>, the length of elastic zone due to pile side friction changes little, but the whole zone shifts upwards. The maximum settlement shows an obvious gradient increase. When <em>h/s</em> = 0.5 the maximum settlement is about 1.5 times of <em>h/s</em> = 0.3 maximum settlement. With the increase of <em>S_r</em>, the whole elastic zone of pile side resistance becomes shorter and shifts upwards. The maximum settlement decreases in a gradient way. The settlement at <em>S_r</em> = 4000 is about 0.75 times of that at <em>S_r</em> = 1000. This paper expands the settlement theory of reinforced embankment and is closer to the real conditions, which has certain scientific significance and application value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101478"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial for Transportation Geotechnics and Emerging Technologies","authors":"Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn,&nbsp;Tatsuya Ishikawa,&nbsp;Monica Prezzi,&nbsp;Mike Winter","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101372","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength development of bottom ash based geopolymer and their application in columns to improve soft soil underneath embankment: Achieving sustainability in ground improvement","authors":"Arshad Ullah ,&nbsp;Azman Kassim ,&nbsp;Ahmad Safuan A Rashid ,&nbsp;Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Nor Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus ,&nbsp;Chongqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Ilyas Khan ,&nbsp;Nazirah Mohd Apandi","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, bottom ash (BA) was used in ground improvement to conserve natural resources and promote sustainability. The effect of the fineness of BA on the properties of a geopolymer and the bearing capacity (<em>q_u</em>) performance of embankment resting on the BA-based geopolymer columns (BAGC) was evaluated. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and mineralogical, microstructural, and elemental analysis were carried out for the BA-based geopolymer (BAG) prepared with a different fineness of BA. Laboratory scale experiments and numerical analysis were performed on the soft soil reinforced with two column length to diameter ratios (L/d) of 6 and 8 and three column spacing to diameter ratios (s/d) of 1.8, 2.4, and 3.6. The UCS test results depict that UCS values significantly increased with the increase in the fineness of BA and satisfy the minimum strength requirement (1034 kPa) for the ground improvement project. The mineralogical analysis, microstructure, and elemental characterization showed that increasing BA fineness resulted in more BA decomposition and a denser geopolymer matrix. The results achieved from the laboratory scale experiments and numerical simulations showed that ultimate bearing capacity (<em>q_ult</em>) is enhanced by decreasing the s/d and enlarging the L/d values. Moreover, a mathematical expression with R² of 0.999 was developed to predict <em>q_ult</em>. This study shows that BA-based geopolymer can be used to improve soft ground with substantial environmental benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101463"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel data-driven approach for proactive risk assessment in shield tunnel construction","authors":"Xin-Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Shui-Long Shen ,&nbsp;Annan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underestimation of risks during tunnelling may result in substantial economic losses and even fatal accidents. This study develops a data-driven approach for evaluating construction risk levels during tunnelling. Two computational models including the deep forest algorithm (DF) and fuzzy set pair analysis (FSPA) are fused, where the DF is employed for predicting shield operational parameters and the FSPA is utilized to evaluate the risk level based on the predicted operational data. Furthermore, a linear combination of the subjective and objective weights is adopted in FSPA. The proposed method is then applied to an intercity railway tunnel project in Guangzhou, China. The analysis results align well with the in-situ engineering observations for the first 600 rings. In addition, it effectively predicts a relatively high risk (level IV) during the construction of rings 1571 to 1580. The proposed method offers a reliable and feasible tool for proactively assessing the risk levels in tunnelling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101466"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pre-grouting on the ground deformation and its mechanism in the construction of tunnels with small-spacing and large-section","authors":"Dechun Lu ,&nbsp;Xu Meng ,&nbsp;Qingtao Lin ,&nbsp;Leilei Shi ,&nbsp;Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trgeo.2024.101458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ground deformation is difficult to control in the construction of tunnels with small-spacing and large-section. Taking a crossover track tunnel in Beijing Metro line 12 as a case, a refined numerical model for tunnels with small-spacing and large-section is established to research the effect of pre-grouting on the ground deformation. Rationality of the numerical model is validated by the good consistence between the field measured simulated results, including the ground and pipelines settlement. Further, by comparing the results of numerical models with and without pre-grouting measures, the effect of pre-grouting measures on the ground deformation, involving in the settlement, horizontal displacement, and the plastic region, are analyzed quantitatively. The implementation of the pre-grouting measures reduces both the maximum settlement at surface and horizontal displacement by approximately 67.5 %, and the PEEQ distribution region is limited to the region outside the pre-grouting, and the moderate and severe disturbance areas are respectively reduced by 65 % and 80 %. Finally, the control mechanism of the pre-grouting on the ground deformation is revealed based on the strength-stiffness theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56013,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Geotechnics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 101458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}