Global Change Biology Bioenergy最新文献

{"title":"Biowaste Composting as a Sustainable Platform for Bacterial CO Production: Evidence From cooS Gene Expression and Microbial Community Profiling","authors":"Karolina Sobieraj,&nbsp;Aneta Urbanek,&nbsp;Zofia Steczkiewicz","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70116","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcbb.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current industrial carbon monoxide (CO) production depends mainly on fossil fuels. Composting offers a sustainable alternative, where CO can be produced by compost-inhabiting bacteria synthesizing the CO dehydrogenase (CODH) enzyme. This study aimed to characterize the microbial community and, for the first time, to investigate the expression of the <i>cooS</i> gene encoding CODH during biowaste composting under laboratory conditions. Composting was performed at mesophilic (45°C) and thermophilic (70°C) temperatures to evaluate CO production under conditions known to stimulate elevated CO emissions. The results confirmed biotechnological potential for microbial CO production within the mesophilic range, potentially reducing costs compared with thermophilic composting. Although the study revealed higher CO concentrations under thermophilic conditions (average 208 ppm; maximum 818 ppm) compared to mesophilic conditions (average 102 ppm; maximum 499 ppm), the compost obtained at 45°C exhibited a more diverse and balanced microbial community than that observed at higher temperatures. In the 45°C compost, bacteria previously reported as CODH or CO producers were identified, including <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> and representatives of <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> and <i>Streptomyces</i>. The <i>cooS</i> gene expression analysis showed a significant increase during composting at 45°C, reaching an 11,016-fold rise within the week. The expression was likely induced by CO and not inhibited by oxygen. This first report demonstrating <i>cooS</i> expression during composting confirmed the biological origin of CO under mesophilic conditions through the activity of anaerobic Ni, Fe-CODH.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is the Best Use of Biomass? A Harmonized LCA-TEA Framework Quantifying Economic and Environmental Metrics for Bioenergy Pathways","authors":"Saurajyoti Kar,&nbsp;Troy R. Hawkins,&nbsp;Doris Oke,&nbsp;Udayan Singh,&nbsp;Ling Tao,&nbsp;Arpit Bhatt","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70115","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcbb.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bioresource utilization is expected to play a pivotal role in complementing existing energy pathways and enhancing energy resilience. This study develops a harmonized life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) framework to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction potential, minimum fuel selling price (MFSP), and marginal abatement cost (MAC) of bioenergy pathways. We analyze 19 pathways, including liquid biofuels (via catalytic fast pyrolysis, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, and gasification), bioelectricity, and biomass-to-hydrogen, with and without carbon capture and storage (CCS). The GHG impacts are assessed using the GREET 2022 model, while U.S. Billion-Ton 2016 biomass availability projections are used to estimate scale-up potential. Additionally, we evaluate the influence of a low-carbon electricity grid on pathway performance. Our results show that CCS implementation reduces carbon intensities (CI) to net-negative values for several pathways, with MAC ranging from $32 to $600 per metric ton (MT) CO2e avoided. Bioelectricity pathways with CCS achieve the lowest MAC ($32–$68/tCO2e), while liquid biofuels and hydrogen pathways remain critical for hard-to-abate sectors like aviation and heavy industry. Pathways with net-positive electricity demand benefit from a low-carbon grid, whereas those co-producing electricity experience increased MAC under lower electricity grid CI scenarios. This open-source framework provides a robust tool for harmonized evaluation of bioenergy pathways, enabling policymakers and stakeholders to identify cost-effective strategies for biomass utilization and carbon abatement at scale. The findings underscore the importance of CCS, co-product credits, and feedstock availability in optimizing bioenergy deployment for a low-carbon economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70115","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Biochar-Induced Changes in Soil Organic Carbon With Ensemble Machine Learning","authors":"Avedananda Ray,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Yujuan Chen,&nbsp;Xinyao Yang,&nbsp;Wenju Zhang,&nbsp;Dafeng Hui","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70112","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcbb.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar is a promising soil amendment for enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC), but accurately predicting its effect under diverse environmental conditions remains challenging due to complex, nonlinear interactions among biochar properties, soil characteristics, climate, and management practices. To address this research gap, we developed an ensemble machine learning (ML) framework, combining Extremely Randomized Trees (ExtraTrees), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) regressors, to model SOC responses to biochar application using a globally curated dataset of 800 field observations. The ensemble model showed strong predictive performance (<i>R</i>² = 0.86, RMSE = 0.11) and generalized well across a wide range of conditions. Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis identified biochar addition rates, crop types, soil type, and soil pH were the most influential predictors of SOC changes. The most effective biochar application rate was about 40 t/ha, and the saturation point was 121.7 t/ha. Partial dependence plots revealed nonlinear and threshold effects of pyrolysis temperature, initial SOC levels, and nitrogen content. To facilitate practical application, we also developed a user-friendly graphical interface for SOC prediction under various biochar-soil-climate scenarios. This work highlights the predictive power and interpretability of ML tools in digital soil carbon modeling and supports data-driven strategies for optimizing biochar use in climate-smart agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Technologies for Biobutanol Production via Syngas Fermentation","authors":"Xuemei Wang,&nbsp;Luiza C. Campos,&nbsp;Zifu Li,&nbsp;Werner Fuchs","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70114","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcbb.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biobutanol offers significant advantages over ethanol as an advanced biofuel, but its large-scale production via syngas fermentation faces critical challenges including low product titers, carbon inefficiency, and microbial toxicity. To address these limitations and evaluate technological progress, this review summarizes recent progress in syngas-based butanol synthesis, focusing on microbial catalysts, metabolic pathways, and process optimization strategies. Particular emphasis is placed on acetogenic bacteria and the role of the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway in carbon fixation and energy conservation. Key factors affecting product distribution, including gas composition, reactor configuration, pH, temperature, and trace elements, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, recent developments in enhancement approaches such as metabolic engineering, co-cultivation systems, and electro-fermentation are critically examined. While several pilot and demonstration-scale ethanol production systems have been established, large-scale biobutanol production via syngas fermentation remains limited due to challenges related to low titers, carbon inefficiency, and product toxicity. Advancing this technology will require a multidisciplinary effort integrating microbial physiology, systems engineering, and process intensification. This review aims to provide a foundation for future research and technological development in the field of gas-to-liquid biofuel production.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy and Environmental Performance of Biodiesel Derived From Waste Vegetable and Animal Oils: Integrated Energy Balance, Process Optimization, and Feasibility Assessment","authors":"Atour Hamid,&nbsp;Hussein Fawzi Hussein,&nbsp;Emad Jaleel Mahdi","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70110","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gcbb.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study quantifies the full energy and environmental performance of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable and animal oils (WVO/WAO) using a rigorously defined system boundary that covers feedstock collection and transport to the processing site, pre-treatment, transesterification, phase separation, and washing/drying up to the plant gate. A transparent energy accounting framework was developed to apportion primary energy inputs associated with methanol consumption, transport diesel, electricity, and catalyst use, while explicitly propagating ±5% measurement uncertainty into the net energy ratio (NER). Experiments and reconciled calculations based on representative 75-gal feedstock batches produced approximately 70–75 gal of specification-compliant biodiesel (ASTM/EN), with glycerin co-product credits treated conservatively. The representative batch yielded a Net Energy Ratio (NER) of 7.67, while sensitivity and optimization scenarios indicate that NER can approach approximately 7.8–8.2 (median ≈8.0), confirming a strong positive energy return that exceeds typical values reported for biodiesel derived from virgin vegetable oils and remains substantially higher than fossil diesel benchmarks.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Adoption Rates: Farmer Motivations and Communication Needs in Straw Management Decision-Making","authors":"Kristina Blennow,&nbsp;Elin Anander","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable bioenergy is central to climate change mitigation, yet biomass supply depends not only on biophysical and economic assessments but also on farmers' decision-making. Straw from cereal and oilseed crops can support renewable energy, but its availability is constrained by on-farm uses, management practices, and farmers' access to knowledge of sustainable soil management. Because straw removal affects soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, which underpins soil fertility, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration, understanding farmers' motivations and informational needs is critical to support sustainable straw management. We examined the determinants of straw management among farmers in Scania County, southern Sweden, testing three hypotheses: that manure application increases the likelihood of straw removal, that a higher proportion of leased land promotes straw removal, and that humus-rich soils are associated with a higher probability of straw removal. Survey data from 2021 (<i>n</i> = 94 cereal and oilseed farmers) were analysed using Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) combined with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values; we quantified the influence of farm characteristics and expectations, integrating a farmers' expected utility framework. Results show that manure application increases removal probability, whereas a higher share of leased land reduces it. Removal was most frequent on soils with intermediate humus content. Cluster analysis identified three farmer profiles, revealing heterogeneous motivations and knowledge gaps, particularly regarding soil humus content, and underscoring the need for context-specific communication strategies. These findings demonstrate that similar straw management behaviours can arise from diverse motivations and local conditions. Linking expectations, soil properties, and practices provides actionable insights for targeted advisory and policy measures that balance agronomic and economic outcomes with long-term SOC-mediated fertility, carbon sequestration, and ecosystem services.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass and Disposable Face Mask Waste on Energy Efficiency: Experimental Modeling for Energetic Characteristics","authors":"Tamilarasan Nallaselvam,&nbsp;Balaji Kalaiarasu,&nbsp;Sakthivel Rajamohan,&nbsp;Nadir Ayrilmis,&nbsp;S. Joseph John Marshal","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid accumulation of post-consumer plastic waste, particularly polypropylene-based waste face masks (FMW), alongside underutilized agro-industrial residues such as <i>Moringa oleifera</i> (MO) seedcake, presents a significant environmental challenge and an opportunity for thermochemical valorization. This study presents a non-isothermal thermogravimetric investigation of the pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis behavior of MO, FMW, and their 1:1 mass blend under nitrogen atmosphere at heating rates of 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C min⁻¹ over a temperature range of 30°C–700°C. Model-free iso-conversional kinetic approaches (KAS, OFW, Friedman, and Starink) along with the Kissinger method were employed to evaluate the apparent activation energy (<i>E</i>_a) and pre-exponential factor (A) as functions of conversion. The co-pyrolysis system exhibited a statistically significant reduction in activation energy relative to mass-weighted predictions, confirming synergistic kinetic interactions between the lignocellulosic biomass and polypropylene matrix. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, ΔG), derived consistently from the kinetic data, indicated that pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis were endothermic and non-spontaneous processes, requiring continuous external energy input. Nevertheless, the MO–FMW blend showed lower Gibbs free energy barriers than individual feedstocks, reflecting reduced thermodynamic resistance during decomposition. This study established a foundational kinetic–thermodynamic framework for MO–FMW co-pyrolysis and provided the essential parameters for reactor design and subsequent product-oriented pyrolysis studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane Emissions From Flame Curtain Pyrolysis (Kon-Tiki)","authors":"Simon Lotz,&nbsp;Nikolas Hagemann,&nbsp;Dirk Hölscher,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Schmidt","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pyrogenic carbon capture and storage is increasingly recognized as a scalable carbon dioxide removal strategy. Flame curtain pyrolysis (Kon-Tiki) enables decentralized biochar production, but its net climate benefit depends on the magnitude of methane emissions caused during production. Here, we compared emissions from flame curtain pyrolysis and open burning of crop residues, which is considered the baseline scenario in many cases. We tested five feedstocks across a range of moisture contents and continuously measured temperature and concentrations of CO₂, CO, CH₄, and C₃H₈ in the flue gas. Emission factors were calculated via carbon mass balance, and regression analysis was used to identify drivers of the variability of methane concentrations. Kon-Tiki pyrolysis resulted in lower CO and CH₄ emissions than open burning, particularly for wheat straw. Dry feedstocks (≤ 15% moisture) yielded low methane emissions (&lt; 5 g kg⁻¹ biochar), whereas moist feedstocks (≥ 25% moisture) produced up to tenfold higher emissions. Kon-Tiki methane emissions were best explained by flue gas temperatures, showing an exponential decline of methane emissions with increasing temperatures. Overall, replacing open burning with Kon-Tiki pyrolysis is a promising strategy to foster biochar production and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, managing feedstock moisture and maintaining high temperatures are critical to minimize methane emissions and to enable Kon-Tiki kilns to serve as an effective transitional technology for decentralized biochar production and carbon dioxide removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Setup Limits Drawing Practical Conclusions About the Differences in Nitrate Retention of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Compared to Silage Maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Thorsten Ruf","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70106","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;To date, several studies have highlighted the environmental excellence of the perennial cup plant (&lt;i&gt;Silphium perfoliatum&lt;/i&gt; L.) compared to the benchmark crop for anaerobic digestion: silage maize (&lt;i&gt;Zea mays&lt;/i&gt; L.). Accumulation of soil organic carbon (Ruf and Emmerling &lt;span&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;), improved soil structure (Rohlmann et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), reduced susceptibility to soil erosion (Auerswald et al. &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;), promotion of above and belowground agrobiodiversity and activity (Schorpp et al. &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Wöhl et al. &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), low emissions of soil-borne greenhouse gases (Kemmann et al. &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), and modest requirements concerning fertilization (Ruf and Emmerling &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;)—at the expense of about 10%–20% lower biogas yields per area (Von Cossel et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Thus, I have read the study of Hollweg et al. with great interest and highly appreciate the outcomes of this sophisticated, four-year study. The comparative investigation of the nitrate retention under cup plant and silage maize adds another piece of the puzzle for a holistic evaluation of cup plant cultivation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In their lysimeter study, Hollweg et al. found significantly higher shoot and root biomass in cup plant, along with vanishingly small amounts of nitrate leaching compared to silage maize, starting from the second year of growth. Already in the abstract, they state “reduction of nitrate leaching of 88% in 2021 and by up to 99% in 2022 under cup plant compared to maize”. Values that appear astonishing already at first glance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We can see from Equation (2) that N-addition by fertilization (N&lt;sub&gt;fert&lt;/sub&gt;) and N-removal with crop biomass (N&lt;sub&gt;cp-rem&lt;/sub&gt;) are two factors that have a strong influence on N-leaching via seepage water (N&lt;sub&gt;w-loss&lt;/sub&gt;). The authors state that both crops were fertilized “to reach 190 kg N ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; as recommended for silage maize” and present the exact fertilization in table S1. Thus, the term “N&lt;sub&gt;fert&lt;/sub&gt;” in Equation (2) is equal for both crops.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In all experimental years, except the establishment year of cup plant, silage maize produced significantly lower shoot biomass in both water regimes. Usually, the median shoot biomass of cup plant was, recalculated to a hectare basis, between about 20 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; and 35 Mg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;. Thus, it is approximately 2.5 to 4 times higher than that of silage maize. Based on the study of Ruf and Emmerling (&lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;) we can estimate that the N-demand of cup plant is roughly 50% of that of silage maize at the same yield level. As described by Hollweg et al., the cup plant produced really high shoot biomass and was able to develop an intense root system (figure 6 in the study of Hollweg et al.). The latter expresses in the significance of the factor N&lt;sub&gt;root-fix&lt;/sub&gt; (nitrogen fixed by root development). In the first years, the development of the root system dominates over root turnover in the p","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global-Scale Analysis of Biochar Cropland Application Strategies and Their Climate Change Mitigation Potential Using Machine Learning","authors":"Xingyu Lu,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhang,&nbsp;Junyu Yang,&nbsp;Fengping Chen","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar application in croplands has shown significant potential for enhancing crop yields and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, results from regional field trials vary widely, indicating that the effectiveness of biochar application is influenced by multiple factors, including biochar properties, environmental factors, and management practices, thereby limiting its large-scale implementation. Here, we developed extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models based on global datasets to predict staple crop yield and soil GHG emission responses to biochar application, with interpretation via Shapley additive explanations. Through global-scale iterative simulations, we identified optimal biochar application strategies accounting for geographical variability and management practices. The mitigation potential of biochar systems was further quantified using life cycle assessment. Our results showed that XGBoost models achieved strong predictive performance, with soil properties and climatic conditions identified as the dominant factors shaping biochar application effects. Biochar was found to enhance yields and reduce emissions across most global croplands simultaneously, though the magnitude and optimal strategy varied regionally: yield improvements were more pronounced in tropical areas, whereas emission reductions dominated in temperate zones. Under optimized strategies, sustainable global biochar implementation could achieve an annual net emission reduction of 1.08 Pg CO₂-equivalent (offsetting 17% of global agricultural GHG emissions) while boosting staple food production by ~15 million tons. These findings highlight the considerable role of biochar in climate change mitigation and food security, emphasizing the need for region-specific application strategies tailored to local soil and climate contexts. Such approach could facilitate its advancement from localized trials to global environmental governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"18 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}