Global Change Biology Bioenergy最新文献

{"title":"Genotypic Differences in Soil Carbon Stocks Under Miscanthus: Implications for Carbon Sequestration and Plant Breeding","authors":"Amanda J. Holder,&nbsp;Rebecca Wilson,&nbsp;Jeanette Whitaker,&nbsp;Paul Robson","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biomass crops provide renewable material for bioproducts and energy generation with the potential for negative greenhouse gas emissions through bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. <i>Miscanthus</i> spp. is a perennial crop with rapid biomass production and low inputs. However, uncertainty exists over impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in conversion from agricultural grasslands, and the interaction between divergent <i>Miscanthus</i> species and SOC sequestration. As a C₄ plant (in contrast to C₃ temperate grassland species) the fate of <i>Miscanthus</i> derived carbon can be traced in the soil through its isotopic signature. Taking advantage of this, we use soil cores (pre and post conversion) to investigate species groupings and genotypic effect on SOC stocks in a rare long-term field trial located in the UK. Results show that 10 years after conversion from a managed grass pasture to <i>Miscanthus</i>, expected SOC losses due to cultivation were recovered (<i>Miscanthus</i> spp. mean of 82 Mg C ha⁻¹ compared to pre-conversion stocks of 79 Mg C ha⁻¹, 0–30 cm soil depth) but significant variation in SOC between genotypes was observed (a difference of 32 Mg C ha⁻¹ between the highest and lowest). Of the plant traits investigated, a large rhizome mass was correlated with C₄ carbon, and leaf litter was associated with increased SOC. As well as providing empirical data for the impact on SOC in a likely land use conversion, our findings show a genotypic influence on SOC sequestration processes, revealing the potential of <i>Miscanthus</i> selection to maximise climate mitigation benefits. With only 2 of the 13 genotypes identified as sequestering lower SOC compared to the others, there remains a wide genotypic base to select from. Yield is a primary breeding target (commercially and for increased CO₂ uptake); we demonstrate that high yield need not be at the expense of low soil carbon.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in Cell Wall Composition and Saccharification Potential of Seed-Based Miscanthus Hybrids Grown on Marginal Lands Across Six European Trial Locations","authors":"Kasper van der Cruijsen,&nbsp;Mohamad Al Hassan,&nbsp;Oene Dolstra,&nbsp;Elena Magenau,&nbsp;Mislav Kontek,&nbsp;Chris Ashman,&nbsp;Danny Awty-Carroll,&nbsp;Andrea Ferrarini,&nbsp;Enrico Martani,&nbsp;Phillip van der Pluijm,&nbsp;Gert-Jan Petri,&nbsp;Emmanuel de Maupeou,&nbsp;Maria-João Paulo,&nbsp;Jason Kam,&nbsp;Bert-Jan van Dinter,&nbsp;Lars Kraak,&nbsp;Annemarie Dechesne,&nbsp;Vanja Juriŝić,&nbsp;Iris Lewandowski,&nbsp;Stefano Amaducci,&nbsp;John Clifton-Brown,&nbsp;Andreas Kiesel,&nbsp;Luisa M. Trindade","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Miscanthus breeding programs have focused on developing intraspecific (<i>M. sinensis</i> × <i>M. sinensis</i>) and interspecific (<i>M. sinensis</i> × <i>M. sacchariflorus</i>) seed-based hybrids with distinct cell wall characteristics for different biomass value chains. Here, we evaluated the performance of 13 novel hybrids (including seed-based intraspecific, seed-based interspecific, and one clonally propagated interspecific hybrid) relative to <i>Miscanthus × giganteus</i> (<i>M</i> × <i>g</i>). We compared the cell wall composition, saccharification efficiency, and yield after spring harvests in 2021 and 2022 across six European locations. Cell wall content and composition varied significantly among hybrids and were influenced by environmental conditions, yet differences due to parental background were largely consistent across locations. On average, seed-based interspecific hybrids (80.6%–84.0% neutral detergent fiber) had a lower total cell wall content than the other hybrids evaluated in this study (88.3%–90.8%). In contrast, cellulose was ~5.5% higher in hybrids with an <i>M. sinensis</i> × <i>M. sacchariflorus</i> background relative to the intraspecific hybrids, while hemicellulose averaged above 34% for intraspecific hybrids, 29.4% to 31.8% in the interspecific hybrids, and below 27% for <i>M</i> × <i>g</i>. Lignin content was highest in <i>M</i> × <i>g</i> (~13.8%), intermediate in the interspecific hybrids (11.0%–12.2%), and lowest in the intraspecific hybrids (~10%). These compositional traits translated into saccharification efficiencies that were 32.9% higher for the intraspecific hybrids and 9.8%–13.1% higher for the interspecific hybrids (seed-based and clonally propagated) compared to <i>M</i> × <i>g</i>. Accounting for biomass yield, either several seed-based hybrids or the novel clonally propagated hybrid exceeded the theoretical ethanol potential of <i>M</i> × <i>g</i> at all trial locations, indicating strong potential for their use in lignocellulosic biofuel production.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scenario Storylines for Carbon Dioxide Removal in Germany: Drawing From Regional Perspectives","authors":"Ronja Wollnik,&nbsp;Nora Szarka,&nbsp;Nils Matzner,&nbsp;Danny Otto,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadr,&nbsp;Danial Esmaeili Aliabadi,&nbsp;Raphael Tremmel,&nbsp;Joshua Röbisch,&nbsp;Daniela Thrän","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is indispensable for reaching the German climate neutrality target as a complementary strategy alongside reducing and avoiding greenhouse gas emissions. Biomass can be used in various ways to deliver bio-based CDR, including Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS), natural sink enhancement, and biomass-based construction materials. By focusing on bio-based solutions, actions can be streamlined to achieve both CDR and a range of co-benefits; for example, in terms of ecosystem services. The ramp-up of bio-based CDR in Germany is driven by a diverse set of factors. In this study, scenarios were developed that allow for exploring these factors in a set of narratives. The selection of key drivers followed the PESTEL approach (Policy, Environmental, Social, Technological, Economic, and Legal aspects), to which the Biomass category was added. Desirable net-zero futures and drivers identified in stakeholder surveys, interviews, and workshops were translated into consistent scenario storylines. These represent diverse bio-based CDR portfolios that differ in the implementation level of single concepts and in the overall contribution to negative emissions for Germany in 2045, considering the national potentials for different CDR options. The scenarios encompass (1) a focus on cost efficiency, (2) prioritizing decentralized options and natural sinks, (3) larger amounts of bio-based CDR (skyrocketing), and (4) little support for bio-based CDR (roadblock). The scenario storylines and drivers can inform modeling for cost-optimized implementation and paint a picture of potential developments for stakeholders. They can also serve as a basis for compiling bio-based value chains with maximum removal capacities that deliver a series of additional system benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiative Forcing of Aerosol Emissions Under Alternative Wood Use Scenarios in Finland","authors":"Aapo Tikka,&nbsp;Muhammed Irfan,&nbsp;Tero Mielonen,&nbsp;Harri Kokkola,&nbsp;Anni Hartikainen,&nbsp;Olli Sippula,&nbsp;Antti Kilpeläinen","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Use of forest biomass may induce changes in the aerosol emissions, with subsequent impacts on the direct and indirect climate effects of these short-lived climate forcers. We studied how alternative wood use scenarios affected the aerosol emissions and consequent radiative forcing in Finland. In all alternative scenarios, the harvest level of forest biomass was increased by 10 million m³ compared to the baseline. The increased biomass harvest was assigned to four different uses: (i) to sawn wood, (ii) to pulp-based products, (iii) to energy biomass combusted in small-scale appliances or (iv) to energy biomass combusted in medium-to-large scale boilers. Aerosol emissions (black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂)) under these scenarios were estimated using displacement factors (DFs). The global aerosol–climate model ECHAM-HAMMOZ was used to study instantaneous radiative forcing due to aerosol–radiation interactions (IRF_ARI) and effective radiative forcing (ERF), based on the differences in aerosol emissions between the alternative wood use scenarios and the baseline scenario. The results indicated that the use of sawn wood and energy biomass combusted in medium- to large-scale boilers decreased radiative forcings, implying climate cooling, whereas the increased use of pulpwood increased them. Energy biomass combustion in small-scale appliances increased IRF_ARI by 0.004 W m⁻² but decreased ERF by −0.260 W m⁻², specifically due to a strong increase in carbonaceous aerosols. Alternative use of forest biomass notably influenced aerosol emissions and their climate impacts, and it can be concluded that increased forest biomass use requires a comprehensive assessment of aerosol emissions alongside greenhouse gases (GHGs). Given the consequent reduction in radiative forcing from aerosol emissions, we conclude that the greatest overall climate benefits could be achieved by prioritising the production of long-lived wood-based products.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Sea to Soil: Marine Actinobacteria in Integrated Seawater Energy Agriculture Systems (ma-ISEAS)","authors":"Synan F. AbuQamar,&nbsp;Khaled A. El-Tarabily","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Marine actinobacteria are gaining attention for their biotechnological and ecological potential, yet their roles in marine agriculture, biofuel production, and climate change mitigation remain underexplored. In this review, we examine their application in saline ecosystems—particularly mangroves and <i>Salicornia</i>—as biofertilizers and bioinoculants that can enhance crop productivity under extreme conditions. We highlight the ecological functions and secondary metabolites of marine actinobacteria and discuss their potential in sustainable energy production from non-arable lands. We also introduce the concept “marine actinobacteria in Integrated Seawater Energy Agriculture System (ma-ISEAS)” to strengthen the performance of the established ISEAS framework in the United Arab Emirates, thereby supporting renewable biofuel production and contributing to climate change mitigation strategies. Despite this promise, several challenges can be addressed. These include technological bottlenecks in large-scale cultivation, gaps in interdisciplinary collaboration, and the absence of standardized protocols for field application. Furthermore, regulatory and biosafety considerations, especially for the environmental release of genetically enhanced microbial strains, remain underdeveloped. Addressing these challenges is essential for the responsible deployment of marine actinobacteria in advancing agriculture, energy, and environmental sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aboveground Rather Than Belowground Productivity Drives Variability in Miscanthus × giganteus Net Primary Productivity","authors":"Theodore Hartman,&nbsp;Jacob E. Studt,&nbsp;Andy VanLoocke,&nbsp;Marshall D. McDaniel,&nbsp;Adina Howe,&nbsp;Michael D. Masters,&nbsp;Corey A. Mitchell,&nbsp;Evan H. DeLucia,&nbsp;Emily A. Heaton","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantifying the carbon (C) uptake of <i>Miscanthus</i> × <i>giganteus</i> (<i>M</i> × <i>g</i>) in both aboveground and belowground structures (e.g., net primary productivity (NPP)) and differences among methodological approaches is crucial. Our objectives were to directly measure Mxg NPP and evaluate the effects of nitrogen application, location, and belowground biomass sampling methods. We hypothesize that increased nitrogen application increases the overall NPP of <i>M</i> × <i>g</i> and that quantifying rhizome biomass using excavations will produce the lowest variability between replicates. We collected biomass from mature <i>M</i> × <i>g</i> stands from three locations in Iowa with three nitrogen application rates and one site in Illinois. We destructively sampled at two time points, when rhizome mass is anticipated to be at a minimum (initial) and anticipated to be at its maximum (peak). Biomass was collected from 1 × 1 m quadrats in which one in-clump and one beside-clump cores were collected and then excavated to 30 cm depth to extract all rhizomes. We found that aboveground <i>M</i> × <i>g</i> NPP ranged from 15.4 Mg Da ha^–1 year^–1 to 36.4 Mg Da ha^–1 year^–1 and belowground <i>M</i> × <i>g</i> NPP ranged from 4.4 Mg Da ha^–1 year^–1 to 19.6 Mg Da ha^–1 year^–1. <i>M</i> × <i>g</i> NPP varied across sites, fertilization, and calculation assumptions. Aboveground NPP (yield) was on average 68.7% of the total NPP. Root-to-shoot ratios at peak biomass decreased with nitrogen application rate, from an average of 1.9 for 0 N plots to 0.89 for 224 N fertilized plots. There was more variation in core data than from excavations; however, when in-clump and beside-clump cores were averaged together, core and excavation averages were not different. Overall, these results show that the range of mature <i>M</i> × <i>g</i> NPP is driven by aboveground productivity, influenced by nitrogen application and site. Our results provide useful data to constrain agro-ecosystem models and provide crucial insights for future perennial belowground sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional N2O Emission Factors From Bioethanol Crops in Brazil: Advances and Data Gaps","authors":"Graciele Angnes,&nbsp;João Luis Nunes Carvalho,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo P. Cerri,&nbsp;Maurício Roberto Cherubin","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The recognition of bioethanol as a key strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is closely linked to the accuracy of N₂O emission factors (EF) used in life cycle assessments. However, previous studies have shown that the default N₂O EF values recommended by the IPCC do not accurately reflect the diverse edaphoclimatic conditions found in Brazil, leading to uncertainties in GHG inventories. Therefore, establishing regional N₂O EF is essential for improving the precision of bioethanol emission estimates. In this study, we conducted a systematic literature review compiling 293 measurements from 45 field studies across different regions of Brazil. This study focuses on sugarcane (20 studies) and corn (25 studies), which are the primary crops used for bioethanol production in Brazil. Our findings indicate that the average N₂O EF for these crops is 0.72%, lower than the value reported for the tropics and sub-tropics (1.6%). When analyzed separately, sugarcane showed an average N₂O EF of 0.65%, with higher emissions from the combined use of mineral and organic N fertilizers (0.79%) compared to mineral (0.55%) or organic fertilizers alone (0.77%). For corn, the average N₂O EF was 0.84%, with mineral N fertilizers presenting the lowest EF (0.40%), while emissions increased with the combination of mineral and organic sources (0.82%), reaching the highest levels with pig slurry application (1.72%). These variations highlight the limitations of using IPCC default values for mineral and organic N fertilizers in Brazil. Our results reinforce the need for Tier 2 methodologies incorporating region-specific data to enhance GHG inventory accuracy and support targeted mitigation strategies. Although Brazil's latitudinal range spans tropical and subtropical zones, regional stratification was not applied due to the limited number of studies within each climate category, especially when further disaggregated by crop type and N fertilizer source. Despite covering key crops, fertilizer types, and multiple biomes, the current dataset still lacks representation for important agricultural regions such as Brazil's midwest, north, and northeast regions. This study represents a significant step toward refining N₂O EF estimates for bioethanol crops, contributing to more precise assessments of the sector's climate impact. However, further research is needed to cover underrepresented areas, understand long-term field dynamics, and evaluate other crop systems and management practices. Future studies should also incorporate modeling tools and real-time monitoring to reduce uncertainties and support the development of Tier 3 estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Biomass Procurement to Mitigate Carbon Emissions at the Stand Level: A Case Study in Eastern Canadian Forests","authors":"Claudie-Maude Canuel,&nbsp;Evelyne Thiffault,&nbsp;Nelson Thiffault","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many jurisdictions within the boreal and temperate biomes have adopted targets to increase the contribution of forest bioenergy for climate change mitigation. Using residual forest biomass as feedstock is considered, but the carbon emission reductions associated with this practice remain controversial. Our study evaluated how intensifying wood procurement for bioenergy production, alongside supplying fiber for conventional wood industries, can support low-carbon forest management. We used six sites established in eastern Canada as a case study. We compared the carbon balance of four harvesting scenarios with increasing wood procurement intensity (from procuring sawtimber only to procuring sawtimber, pulpwood and biomass) to three scenarios of unharvested forests, two of which experienced natural disturbances. We modeled carbon fluxes over a 100-year simulation period, considering biogenic and fossil emissions from aboveground forest ecosystems, harvested wood products, and wood supply and manufacturing. We assessed the mitigation potential of procuring biomass to produce bioenergy in the form of stemwood, treetops (including branches) or pulpwood. We found that forest harvesting, regardless of the wood procurement intensity, offered limited carbon benefits compared to the referenced undisturbed mature stands in most cases. However, increasing wood procurement can reduce the carbon footprint of wood supply chains, with pulpwood identified as a key feedstock. Compared with harvesting roundwood for conventional industries only, procuring biomass for bioenergy is likely to increase carbon emissions unless it substitutes high-emission energy sources on markets or enhances the next-rotation stand yield, which seems achievable in the context we studied. Bioenergy displacement factors should range from 0.072 to 0.701 tonne of carbon emission reduction per tonne of carbon in the bioenergy product, depending on stand characteristics, biomass feedstock, and cutting cycle length. Our findings provide a foundation for assessing the GHG reduction potential of harvesting activities at a broader scale, considering varying feedstock recovery intensities.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perennial Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Outperforms Silage Maize (Zea mays L.) in Root Biomass and Nitrate Retention","authors":"Anna Hollweg,&nbsp;Johanna Pausch,&nbsp;Finn Zajewski,&nbsp;Marianne Lauerer,&nbsp;Khatab Abdalla","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Achieving European climate neutrality by 2050 will require an increase in energy production from renewable sources. Silage maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), the most commonly used crop in Germany, is increasingly subject to yield losses associated with soil degradation and nutrient depletion. The perennial cup plant (<i>Silphium perfoliatum</i> L.) has emerged as an alternative to reduce nutrient losses, mainly nitrogen (N), while maintaining similar biomass production. A lysimeter experiment was conducted to evaluate N dynamics between plant, soil, and leaching for maize and cup plant under moderate drought and well-watered conditions over 4 years. After the first year of growth, cup plant had higher shoot and root biomass than maize regardless of the watering conditions (e.g., in 2021 mean shoot biomass of maize was 266 g m⁻¹ compared to 2696 g m⁻¹ of cup plant). Notably, moderate drought did not affect shoot biomass in either crop (except in 2021 and 2022 for the cup plant). The higher biomass production of the cup plant was associated with higher N concentration in the shoot tissue compared to maize, likely due to its more efficient soil N utilization. This result was further supported by the lower soil dissolved N concentration and a reduction of nitrate leaching of 88% in 2021 and by up to 99% in 2022 under cup plant compared to maize. A higher microbial biomass N under cup plant suggests enhanced N immobilization by microorganisms. This is further supported by a higher microbial C/N imbalance under cup plant than maize in 2022, indicating a stronger N relative to C limitation. Our results showed that cup plant can provide high shoot and root biomass and significantly reduced nitrate leaching, indicating its potential as an alternative to maize and thus as a bioenergy crop for environmental sustainability in a changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar Economics for Private Landowners With Payments From Carbon Markets and Federal Incentives","authors":"Parag Kadam,&nbsp;Puneet Dwivedi,&nbsp;Thomas W. Marrero","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Considering biochar's potential for carbon sequestration and healthy soils, this study evaluates the economic viability of biochar projects for private landowners in the southeastern United States. Our analysis incorporates biochar manufacturing (as a co-product) in existing paper mills, its transportation and application costs, along with federal incentives and carbon credit revenues (via carbon offset transactions with profit-sharing for landowners). Baseline economic analysis, with average parameters, found a modest net profit of approximately $242.5 per hectare (or about $12 per metric ton of biochar applied) for landowners. Economic simulations of 10000 scenarios incorporating randomized +/<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ - $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>20% variability in key parameters demonstrate that the highest costs arise from biochar manufacturing and transportation. At the same time, significant revenue sources include federal support and carbon market income. Sensitivity analysis reveals that net profit is most associated with manufacturing costs (correlation of −0.64), federal incentives (correlation of 0.68), carbon credit pricing (correlation of 0.32), and transportation costs (correlation of −0.1). Findings indicate that 95% of simulated scenarios yield positive profits for a hypothetical property of 1 ha, with 73.8% and 38.29% of the scenarios showing a net profit of more than $500 and $1000, respectively. On the other hand, the current average values of manufacturing costs, federal support, and carbon prices are very close to the limits when landowners do not make any profit. This emphasizes that lower manufacturing costs, more federal support, and higher carbon credit prices are essential for landowners' profitability. This study's insights into the economic dynamics of biochar can guide policymakers and other stakeholder groups, especially private landowners, in creating more resilient, profitable biochar markets.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}