Chumki Banik, Poonam Sashidhar, Ryan G. Smith, Santanu Bakshi
{"title":"生物炭作为增加肥料碳在土壤中停留时间的平台","authors":"Chumki Banik, Poonam Sashidhar, Ryan G. Smith, Santanu Bakshi","doi":"10.1111/gcbb.70055","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Manure and biochar (BC) based practices influence soil carbon (C) dynamics. However, manure does not enhance soil carbon (C) as quickly as BC does. Data on BC from different feedstocks and their co-application with manure in stabilizing labile manure C fractions in soil systems is still inadequate. We hypothesize that manure-BC co-application will increase soil total C by influencing the microbial community, likely to increase labile and recalcitrant C than manure alone. This study evaluated several stability parameters of manure (swine and dairy) under four rates of different BC (herbaceous corn stover, woody yellow pine, and willow) following 1 month of aging. These aged mixtures were applied to the soil and incubated for 203 days to fit a two-pool model, and the soil labile C residence time was determined. A significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) positive correlation between ash-free volatile solids: fixed solids and molar H:C<sub>org</sub> and O:C<sub>org</sub> supports that BC addition generally stabilizes manure C by changing the mixture's physicochemical properties. Hot water extracted C of the fresh and aged mixtures revealed that high BC addition rates and BC produced from wood are significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) more efficient in decreasing the labile C pool than untreated manure, low BC application rates, and herbaceous BC. Soil incubation study revealed that BC rate significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduced ammonium-N availability, labile C release, and respirational C loss, but increased soil recalcitrant-C. This study reports that manure type and BC application rate significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) influence microbial biomass C, and co-application was harmless to microbes, which in turn influences the residence time of labile C. This laboratory-based study suggests that manure-BC addition to soil builds soil total C more consistently than manure alone, supporting our initial hypothesis. However, a field-based study is warranted to evaluate manure's C and N stability and nutrient release performances under dynamic soil conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55126,"journal":{"name":"Global Change Biology Bioenergy","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gcbb.70055","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Biochar as a Platform to Increase Manure Carbon Residence Time in Soil\",\"authors\":\"Chumki Banik, Poonam Sashidhar, Ryan G. Smith, Santanu Bakshi\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/gcbb.70055\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Manure and biochar (BC) based practices influence soil carbon (C) dynamics. However, manure does not enhance soil carbon (C) as quickly as BC does. Data on BC from different feedstocks and their co-application with manure in stabilizing labile manure C fractions in soil systems is still inadequate. We hypothesize that manure-BC co-application will increase soil total C by influencing the microbial community, likely to increase labile and recalcitrant C than manure alone. This study evaluated several stability parameters of manure (swine and dairy) under four rates of different BC (herbaceous corn stover, woody yellow pine, and willow) following 1 month of aging. These aged mixtures were applied to the soil and incubated for 203 days to fit a two-pool model, and the soil labile C residence time was determined. A significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) positive correlation between ash-free volatile solids: fixed solids and molar H:C<sub>org</sub> and O:C<sub>org</sub> supports that BC addition generally stabilizes manure C by changing the mixture's physicochemical properties. Hot water extracted C of the fresh and aged mixtures revealed that high BC addition rates and BC produced from wood are significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) more efficient in decreasing the labile C pool than untreated manure, low BC application rates, and herbaceous BC. Soil incubation study revealed that BC rate significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduced ammonium-N availability, labile C release, and respirational C loss, but increased soil recalcitrant-C. This study reports that manure type and BC application rate significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) influence microbial biomass C, and co-application was harmless to microbes, which in turn influences the residence time of labile C. This laboratory-based study suggests that manure-BC addition to soil builds soil total C more consistently than manure alone, supporting our initial hypothesis. 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Biochar as a Platform to Increase Manure Carbon Residence Time in Soil
Manure and biochar (BC) based practices influence soil carbon (C) dynamics. However, manure does not enhance soil carbon (C) as quickly as BC does. Data on BC from different feedstocks and their co-application with manure in stabilizing labile manure C fractions in soil systems is still inadequate. We hypothesize that manure-BC co-application will increase soil total C by influencing the microbial community, likely to increase labile and recalcitrant C than manure alone. This study evaluated several stability parameters of manure (swine and dairy) under four rates of different BC (herbaceous corn stover, woody yellow pine, and willow) following 1 month of aging. These aged mixtures were applied to the soil and incubated for 203 days to fit a two-pool model, and the soil labile C residence time was determined. A significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between ash-free volatile solids: fixed solids and molar H:Corg and O:Corg supports that BC addition generally stabilizes manure C by changing the mixture's physicochemical properties. Hot water extracted C of the fresh and aged mixtures revealed that high BC addition rates and BC produced from wood are significantly (p < 0.05) more efficient in decreasing the labile C pool than untreated manure, low BC application rates, and herbaceous BC. Soil incubation study revealed that BC rate significantly (p < 0.05) reduced ammonium-N availability, labile C release, and respirational C loss, but increased soil recalcitrant-C. This study reports that manure type and BC application rate significantly (p < 0.0001) influence microbial biomass C, and co-application was harmless to microbes, which in turn influences the residence time of labile C. This laboratory-based study suggests that manure-BC addition to soil builds soil total C more consistently than manure alone, supporting our initial hypothesis. However, a field-based study is warranted to evaluate manure's C and N stability and nutrient release performances under dynamic soil conditions.
期刊介绍：
GCB Bioenergy is an international journal publishing original research papers, review articles and commentaries that promote understanding of the interface between biological and environmental sciences and the production of fuels directly from plants, algae and waste. The scope of the journal extends to areas outside of biology to policy forum, socioeconomic analyses, technoeconomic analyses and systems analysis. Papers do not need a global change component for consideration for publication, it is viewed as implicit that most bioenergy will be beneficial in avoiding at least a part of the fossil fuel energy that would otherwise be used.
Key areas covered by the journal:
Bioenergy feedstock and bio-oil production: energy crops and algae their management,, genomics, genetic improvements, planting, harvesting, storage, transportation, integrated logistics, production modeling, composition and its modification, pests, diseases and weeds of feedstocks. Manuscripts concerning alternative energy based on biological mimicry are also encouraged (e.g. artificial photosynthesis).
Biological Residues/Co-products: from agricultural production, forestry and plantations (stover, sugar, bio-plastics, etc.), algae processing industries, and municipal sources (MSW).
Bioenergy and the Environment: ecosystem services, carbon mitigation, land use change, life cycle assessment, energy and greenhouse gas balances, water use, water quality, assessment of sustainability, and biodiversity issues.
Bioenergy Socioeconomics: examining the economic viability or social acceptability of crops, crops systems and their processing, including genetically modified organisms [GMOs], health impacts of bioenergy systems.
Bioenergy Policy: legislative developments affecting biofuels and bioenergy.
Bioenergy Systems Analysis: examining biological developments in a whole systems context.
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