Shane D I Seheult, Sophie Molina, Nita Chan, Paul A Faure
{"title":"Correction: A tale of two ears: development of binaural auditory processing in the big brown bat.","authors":"Shane D I Seheult, Sophie Molina, Nita Chan, Paul A Faure","doi":"10.1007/s00359-026-01847-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00359-026-01847-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"945-946"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew J Mason, Sandra Goutte, Piers J Seal, Marius Kluonis, Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard
{"title":"Otolithic organs and vibratory sensitivity in frogs: do saccular otoconial volumes vary according to lifestyle?","authors":"Matthew J Mason, Sandra Goutte, Piers J Seal, Marius Kluonis, Jakob Christensen-Dalsgaard","doi":"10.1007/s00359-026-01826-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00359-026-01826-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Of the three otolithic organs found in frogs, the sacculus is known to possess acute sensitivity to seismic vibrations. Simple models of otolith function suggest that increasing size of an otolith should improve vibratory sensitivity. In the first part of this paper, we provide a short review of the existing literature pertaining to the vibratory sensitivity of the otolithic organs in frogs. Given parallels in other vertebrate groups, we hypothesized that fossorial frogs would have larger saccular otoconial masses ('otoliths') than non-burrowing species, used for the detection of ground vibrations. In the second part of this paper, we tested this hypothesis by measuring otolith volumes in 15 species of frogs, based on CT reconstructions. Larger species tended to have larger otoliths. The fossorial frog Hemisus guineensis had the largest otoliths relative to skull size of all species examined, followed by a non-fossorial species, Ptychadena delphina. The otoliths of two other fossorial specialists were not notably enlarged, however, and volumes were relatively small in some semi-fossorial species. Pronounced sexual dimorphism was noted in the aquatic frog Xenopus laevis, in which males have larger saccular otoliths than females in absolute terms, despite their smaller body size. Otoconial dissolution represents a problem for studies which involve the examination of preserved specimens, but with this caveat in mind, we conclude that factors other than fossoriality might drive expansion of the saccular otoliths in frogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"947-963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148537036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Search for neural correlates of object and panorama learning in mushroom body extrinsic neurons of bumblebees.","authors":"Inga Fuchs, Benjamin Paffhausen, Randolf Menzel","doi":"10.1007/s00359-026-01843-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-026-01843-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A laboratory-based setup was developed that allowed us to train bumblebees to a rewarding object (local cue) in the context of a panorama and simultaneously to record extracellularly the neural activity of units interpreted as mushroom body extrinsic neurons (MBENs). This setting simulates conditions flower visiting bees face when foraging excluding the compass related conditions. The bumblebees navigated between the colony and the test/feeding arena on their own motivation, starting from a fully functional colony with a queen. They learned by sucrose reward a specific feeding place marked by the rewarding object local cue (blue pyramid cylinder) placed in a fixed spatial relation to the panorama (matching panorama). Spontaneous choice tests and extinction tests revealed enhanced search behavior for the learned matching condition. Single or multiple (up to three) simultaneously recorded neurons referred to here as units revealed learning-related differences either by increased, decreased or unchanged neural activity. We focused on tests in which the local cue was presented in the same area as the panorama (learned condition: matched) or in separate areas (mismatched condition). Neural activity differed in these two test conditions. This learning effect did not depend on the areas tested, indicating that the whole arena had been learned as an environment in which the local cue and the panorama were spatially related. No changes in neural activity were found for head direction toward the goal (local cue, panorama, matched or mismatched), distance to the goals or the gateway. No place-cell-like activity patterns were found. Significant neural effects were also seen in some units during multiple walks between local cue and panorama in mismatch tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fine stripe patterns disrupt honey bee landings via spatial aliasing.","authors":"Hsiang-Wen Hsieh, En-Cheng Yang","doi":"10.1007/s00359-026-01842-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-026-01842-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual patterns are widely deployed as non-chemical insect deterrents, yet the visual mechanism remains unresolved. We tested whether spatial aliasing, arising from a mismatch between stripe geometry and compound-eye sampling, disrupts landing control. Using trained honey bees (Apis mellifera) and three-dimensional trajectory tracking, we quantified search and landing/entry performance across stripe scale and orientation. Stripe scale produced a non-monotonic behavioural response: disruption was greatest at intermediate stripe widths (~ 0.95-0.475 cm), where search times peaked and performance deteriorated. On a floor-mounted landing target, failures peaked at intermediate widths (up to 80% at 0.475 cm). On a wall-mounted target, horizontal stripe patterns yielded 70-90% off-target entries at these intermediate widths, whereas vertical stripe patterns at the same widths produced only 10-20% off-target entries. In contrast, when stripe width entered an ultra-fine range (≤ 0.23 cm; down to 0.175-0.075 cm), error rates decreased (e.g., wall off-target entries fell to 20%, and floor failures dropped to ~20%), consistent with patterns becoming poorly resolved and thus less disruptive. In the near-field, as viewing distance decreases and the angular scale of the pattern increases, landing performance becomes increasingly constrained by optic-flow quality: orientations that degrade coherent edge-motion cues during descent disrupt approach stability and touchdown/entry localization, increasing unstable approaches and off-target landings or entries. Together, these findings provide experimental evidence that spatial aliasing can impair both target localization and terminal landing manoeuvres, and they establish quantitative design rules for pattern-based, chemical-free deterrents.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sound localization acuity, use of cues, and vision in rabbits and five rodents: implications for evolution.","authors":"R S Heffner, H E Heffner, G Koay","doi":"10.1007/s00359-026-01841-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-026-01841-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Left/right and front/back sound-localization thresholds, as well as the ability to use binaural time and intensity cues, are presented for one lagomorph (domestic rabbits) and five species of rodents (fox squirrel, black-tailed prairie dog, groundhog, eastern chipmunk, and spiny mouse). These localization abilities are compared to those of other mammals and all three are shown to vary widely. Many species do not localize as accurately as the available physical locus cues would seem to permit. Instead, localization acuity is negatively correlated with the width of the field of best vision. This coordination of hearing and vision allows auditory information on the location of sound sources to direct the reflexive orientation of vision and attention for further evaluation. It is possible that the coordination of hearing with vision drives the evolution of sound localization among mammals. Species differences in front/back discrimination are less well studied but also vary widely, and may be influenced by complex interactions between pinna size and complexity. Finally the use of interaural phase differences varies in unexpected ways raising questions about the anatomical and neural mechanisms that underlie binaural analysis in the nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura-Marie Sandow, Lars Miersch, Frederike D Hanke
{"title":"Underwater visual single target acuity in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina).","authors":"Laura-Marie Sandow, Lars Miersch, Frederike D Hanke","doi":"10.1007/s00359-026-01837-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-026-01837-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single target acuity (STA) is a key measure for understanding visual object perception in harbor seals. While STA was already determined with stationary and moving compact single targets of different contrasts in air, we herein assessed underwater STA with the same stimuli as used for aerial testing for comparison. A two-alternative-forced-choice task was conducted with two trained harbor seals under controlled light and turbidity conditions. Underwater STA was determined as 0.30 deg for stationary and 0.27 deg for moving single targets, and thus matched the previously documented aerial STA for one harbor seal. This result confirms that our test individual can resolve compact objects equally well in both media under our experimental conditions. Underwater STA decreased when contrast was reduced, reaching 0.63 deg at the lowest contrast condition tested. Performance for low-contrast stimuli was likely impacted by caustic effects, resulting from the movements of the harbor seal's head in and out of the testing basin. Additionally, as it was already found for aerial STA, no difference between underwater STA for stationary and moving single targets was documented. Our findings contribute to the understanding of amphibious vision in harbor seals and are informative regarding the perception of objects, such as prey fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changing 3D heading direction in terrestrial locomotion: effectiveness of visual landmarks and the onset of turning in stick insects.","authors":"Ronja Bigge, Nicoletta Schwermann, Volker Dürr","doi":"10.1007/s00359-026-01835-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-026-01835-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climbing animals need to be able to adjust their heading in both vertical and horizontal directions, requiring pitch and yaw rotation of the body axis, respectively. Stick insects are climbing herbivores that dwell among leaves and branches of the vegetation they feed on. By nature, they need to adjust their 3D heading in a complex environment. Since insects in general turn towards visual landmarks, we test whether or not stick insects initiate pitch rotation in response to landmarks that reliably elicit yaw rotation. We show that this is not the case. Instead, tactile cues alone are sufficient to mask the effect of visual deprivation, whereas lack of tactile cues strongly delays body inclination and the onset of climbing, even when the same visual landmark cues are present that are sufficient to induce turning reliably. In a second set of experiments, we use a setup that constrains the onset of turning to tell whether visually induced yaw rotation is initiated by swing movements or rather by stance movements of the front legs. We show that a turn-related left-right asymmetry of front leg movement begins at least one stance phase after passing the constraint and may begin with the first swing movement thereafter. We conclude that stick insects do not exploit visual cues for initiating pitch rotation, even though they reliably initiate yaw rotation towards the exact same landmark. Moreover, we demonstrate that yaw rotation towards visual landmarks may begin with a swing movement of a front leg, much like the pitch rotation at the onset of climbing.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Light adaptation of the microvillus refractory period in blow fly photoreceptors.","authors":"Roman V Frolov, Irina I Ignatova","doi":"10.1007/s00359-026-01831-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-026-01831-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Analysis of flash-induced quantum bumps (QB) recorded in vivo from photoreceptors of the blow fly Protophormia terraenovae, which were light-adapted by stimuli of varying duration and intensity, revealed that a subset of trials contained a secondary QB-like transient occurring after the primary QB. By averaging traces with onset-aligned light-induced QBs, we discovered secondary signals with the following properties: (1) The relative magnitude of the secondary signal increased with both the intensity and the duration of the adapting stimulus. The secondary signal was absent in dark-adapted photoreceptors, but following bright 10 s adapting pulses its size approached ~ 40% of the primary QB. (2) The interval between the peaks of the primary QB and the secondary signal decreased with increasing adaptation: from ~ 100 ms in minimally light-adapted photoreceptors to ~ 40 ms after the strongest stimulation. (3) The larger was the secondary signal, the sooner it appeared after the primary QB. (4) Following strong light adaptation, in five experiments we observed two and in one experiment three evenly spaced secondary peaks with progressively decreasing amplitudes. Together, these observations indicate that the secondary signal likely represents a QB arising from incomplete termination of phototransduction in some microvilli during strong light stimulation. The systematic, strong shortening of the secondary peak interval with increased adaptation implies that the microvillus refractory period in P. terraenovae is itself subject to light adaptation. Because refractory period shortening increases the pool of microvilli available for transduction, this effect would raise the effective signal-to-noise ratio of the photoreceptor in bright light.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148708575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liesel Blau, Hannah Poon, Nayana S Tellakula, Katherine C Hallmark, Erin Szuromi, Evangeline Coffinas, William B Kristan, Eva-Maria S Collins
{"title":"Backward scrunching: planarians escape from noxious stimuli, cannibalism, and predation.","authors":"Liesel Blau, Hannah Poon, Nayana S Tellakula, Katherine C Hallmark, Erin Szuromi, Evangeline Coffinas, William B Kristan, Eva-Maria S Collins","doi":"10.1007/s00359-026-01836-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-026-01836-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animals have evolved escape behaviors to survive. Freshwater planarians have many predators, including conspecifics in cannibalistic species such as Dugesia japonica. When agitated, planarians escape via a locomotory behavior called \"scrunching\", whereby the planarian periodically elongates and contracts its whole body. Current understanding is that planarians move forward when they scrunch. However, when transversely cutting D. japonica, we observed that while head pieces scrunched forward, tail pieces scrunched backward instead. Previous work has shown that forward scrunching is a conserved planarian escape behavior in response to transection and adverse stimuli such as low pH, noxious heat, hydrogen peroxide, and allyl isothiocyanate. Testing these stimuli, we found that backward scrunching is more difficult to induce than forward scrunching in both intact planarians and pieces. Using electrostimulation, we show that behavior progresses with increasing voltage from turning to backward scrunching to flailing when stimulated anteriorly, demonstrating that backward scrunching is a response to moderately strong stimuli. Moreover, we show that tail pieces - originating from transection or asexual reproduction (fission) - exhibit backward scrunching when attacked by intact planarians. Backward scrunching and backward steps of tail pieces were also observed when worms were bitten into pieces by dragonfly or damselfly nymphs, natural predators of planarians. The survival of tail pieces after fission is necessary for the expansion of asexual planarian populations. Thus, we propose that backward scrunching serves as an effective escape behavior to protect planarian tails from being eaten.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148708495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photoperiodic control of the albumen gland by neurosecretory canopy cells in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis.","authors":"Sonoko Fukumoto, Sakiko Shiga, Yoshitaka Hamanaka","doi":"10.1007/s00359-026-01833-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00359-026-01833-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis displays clear photoperiodism; it lays more eggs in long-day conditions than in short to medium-day conditions. The lateral lobes (LLs) are paired small budding structures of the cerebral ganglia and regulate egg laying as a coordinating center between reproduction and body growth, and LL ablation causes gigantism and attenuates egg laying. Our previous study demonstrated that the canopy cell (CC) in LL photoperiodically changes the excitability; it excites more in long-day conditions than in medium-day conditions. Here, we examined the function of CC in egg laying by the microsurgery. As a result, in long-day conditions, snails without CCs exhibited smaller albumen gland somatic index (ASI, proportion of the albumen gland/soft body) and smaller total number of egg masses laid than intact snails. In contrast, in medium-day conditions, there were no significant differences in ASI among intact, sham and CC ablation groups. Since the albumen gland produces galactogen-rich perivitelline fluid and supplies eggs with it, the CCs seem to promote egg mass production via acceleration of the perivitelline fluid production in long-day conditions. It is noteworthy that CC ablation had no effects on gonadal somatic index (GSI, proportion of the ovotestis/soft body). Besides, CC ablation caused slight increase in shell size and body weight. These imply that CCs are at least partially responsible for gigantism and decrement of egg laying caused by LL ablation, and we revealed another regulator in photoperiod-dependent egg laying in L. stagnalis. Our findings contribute to understanding neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying molluscan photoperiodism.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}