Theresa S E Floessner, Elena Dalla Benetta, Domien G M Beersma, Roelof A Hut
{"title":"Variation in photoperiod response corresponds to differences in circadian light sensitivity in northern and southern Nasonia vitripennis lines.","authors":"Theresa S E Floessner, Elena Dalla Benetta, Domien G M Beersma, Roelof A Hut","doi":"10.1007/s00359-023-01674-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00359-023-01674-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The circadian clock times physiological and behavioural processes and resets on a daily basis to synchronize with the environment. The involvement of the circadian clock in photoperiodic time measurement synchronising annual rhythms is still under debate and different models have been proposed explaining their integration. Insects overcome unfavourable conditions in diapause, a form of dormancy. A latitudinal cline in diapause induction in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis as well as a difference in circadian light sensitivity between north and south provide us with additional evidence that the circadian system of Nasonia is involved in photoperiodic time measurement and that latitude-specific seasonality drives adaptive evolution in photoperiodism partly through adaptation responses in the circadian system. We tested diapause induction in a range of T-cycles and photoperiods and found diapause induction in short photoperiods in all T-cycles in the northern line but in the southern line, diapause only occurred in T-cycles close to 24 h. Due to a lower light sensitivity in the southern line, a wider distribution of phase angles of entrainment can be expected at a specific T-cycle duration, while the range of entrainment will decrease. Taking these oscillator properties into account, our data can be explained by an external coincidence model involving a single oscillator with a light-sensitive phase that drives annual timing of diapause in Nasonia vitripennis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"667-676"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11226509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49685236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesca Sara Colizzi, David Martínez-Torres, Charlotte Helfrich-Förster
{"title":"The circadian and photoperiodic clock of the pea aphid.","authors":"Francesca Sara Colizzi, David Martínez-Torres, Charlotte Helfrich-Förster","doi":"10.1007/s00359-023-01660-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00359-023-01660-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is a paradigmatic photoperiodic species that exhibits a remarkable annual life cycle, which is tightly coupled to the seasonal changes in day length. During spring and summer, characterised by longer days, aphid populations consist exclusively of viviparous females that reproduce parthenogenetically. When autumn comes and the days shorten, aphids switch their reproductive mode and generate males and oviparous sexual females, which mate and produce cold-resistant eggs that overwinter and survive the unfavourable season. While the photoperiodic responses have been well described, the nature of the timing mechanisms which underlie day length discrimination are still not completely understood. Experiments from the 1960's suggested that aphids rely on an 'hourglass' clock measuring the elapsed time during the dark night by accumulating a biochemical factor, which reaches a critical threshold at a certain night length and triggers the switch in reproduction mode. However, the photoperiodic responses of aphids can also be attributed to a strongly dampened circadian clock. Recent studies have uncovered the molecular components and the location of the circadian clock in the brain of the pea aphid and revealed that it is well connected to the neurohormonal system controlling aphid reproduction. We provide an overview of the putative mechanisms of photoperiodic control in aphids, from the photoreceptors involved in this process to the circadian clock and the neuroendocrine system.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"627-639"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11226554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9860940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"David S. Saunders: man of insects and photoperiodism (1935-2023).","authors":"Charlotte Helfrich-Förster","doi":"10.1007/s00359-023-01665-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00359-023-01665-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>David S. Saunders was an outstanding scientist, who devoted his life to his family and to insects. He has made many fundamental contributions to our understanding of how insects reproduce and adapt their reproduction and development to the seasonal changes on our planet. Most importantly, he was a pioneer in demonstrating the role of the circadian clock in insect photoperiodic time measurement, first in the jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis, and later in varies species of flies. His books on biological rhythms and insect clocks are important undergraduate, graduate and research reference literature. David was also a brilliant teacher and mentor and played a major role in establishing and teaching a series of successful Erasmus-funded Chronobiology Summer Schools in Europe. He leaves behind a legacy, both professionally and personally.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"495-501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11226474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10302376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erwin Bünning and Wolfgang Engelmann: establishing the involvement of the circadian clock in photoperiodism.","authors":"Charlotte Helfrich-Förster","doi":"10.1007/s00359-024-01704-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00359-024-01704-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 1936, Erwin Bünning published his groundbreaking work that the endogenous clock is used to measure day length for initiating photoperiodic responses. His publication triggered years of controversial debate until it ultimately became the basic axiom of rhythm research and the theoretical pillar of chronobiology. Bünning's thesis is frequently quoted in the articles in this special issue on the subject of \"A clock for all seasons\". However, nowadays only few people know in detail about Bünning's experiments and almost nobody knows about the contribution of his former doctoral student, Wolfgang Engelmann, to his theory because most work on this topic is published in German. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the most important experiments at that time, including Wolfgang Engelmann's doctoral thesis, in which he demonstrated the importance of the circadian clock for photoperiodic flower induction in the Flaming Katy, Kalanchoë blossfeldiana, but not in the Red Morning Glory, Ipomoea coccinea.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"481-493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11226508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William E Bradshaw, Margaret C Fletcher, Christina M Holzapfel
{"title":"Clock-talk: have we forgotten about geographic variation?","authors":"William E Bradshaw, Margaret C Fletcher, Christina M Holzapfel","doi":"10.1007/s00359-023-01643-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00359-023-01643-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wyeomyia smithii, the pitcher-plant mosquito, has evolved from south to north and from low to high elevations in eastern North America. Along this seasonal gradient, critical photoperiod has increased while apparent involvement of the circadian clock has declined in concert with the evolutionary divergence of populations. Response to classical experiments used to test for a circadian basis of photoperiodism varies as much within and among populations of W. smithii as have been found in the majority of all other insects and mites. The micro-evolutionary processes revealed within and among populations of W. smithii, programmed by a complex underlying genetic architecture, illustrate a gateway to the macro-evolutionary divergence of biological timing among species and higher taxa in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"649-666"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11226528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9637141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A four-oscillator model of seasonally adapted morning and evening activities in Drosophila melanogaster.","authors":"Taishi Yoshii, Aika Saito, Tatsuya Yokosako","doi":"10.1007/s00359-023-01639-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00359-023-01639-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster exhibits two activity peaks, one in the morning and another in the evening. Because the two peaks change phase depending on the photoperiod they are exposed to, they are convenient for studying responses of the circadian clock to seasonal changes. To explain the phase determination of the two peaks, Drosophila researchers have employed the two-oscillator model, in which two oscillators control the two peaks. The two oscillators reside in different subsets of neurons in the brain, which express clock genes, the so-called clock neurons. However, the mechanism underlying the activity of the two peaks is complex and requires a new model for mechanistic exploration. Here, we hypothesize a four-oscillator model that controls the bimodal rhythms. The four oscillators that reside in different clock neurons regulate activity in the morning and evening and sleep during the midday and at night. In this way, bimodal rhythms are formed by interactions among the four oscillators (two activity and two sleep oscillators), which may judiciously explain the flexible waveform of activity rhythms under different photoperiod conditions. Although still hypothetical, this model would provide a new perspective on the seasonal adaptation of the two activity peaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"527-534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11226490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9504404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Threatened chronotopes: can chronobiology help endangered species?","authors":"Stefanie Monecke","doi":"10.1007/s00359-024-01692-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00359-024-01692-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pittendrigh and Daan's 1976 article \"Pacemaker structure: A clock for all seasons\" marks the foundation of modern seasonal chronobiology. It proposed the internal coincidence model comprised of a Morning (M) and Evening (E) oscillator, which are coupled but synchronized separately by dawn and dusk. It has become an attractive model to explain the seasonal adaptation of circadian rhythms. Using the example of the European hamster, this article connects the classical entrainment concept to species decline and, ultimately, conservation concepts. Seasonality of this species is well studied and circannual rhythms have been described in at least 32 parameters. The European hamster is listed as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list. Changes in the temporal structure of the environment (the chronotope) caused by climate change and light pollution might be responsible for the global decline. The article shows that classical chronobiological concepts such as the internal coincidence model (Pittendrigh and Daan Pittendrigh and Daan, J Comp Physiol [a] 106:333-355, 1976) are helpful to understand the (chronobiological) causes of the decline and can potentially support species conservation. Knowing the species' physiological limitations as well as its adaptation capacities can potentially prevent its extinction at a time when classical conservation concepts have reached their limits.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"717-733"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139991842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalena Maria Kaniewska, Daniela Chvalová, David Dolezel
{"title":"Impact of photoperiod and functional clock on male diapause in cryptochrome and pdf mutants in the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus.","authors":"Magdalena Maria Kaniewska, Daniela Chvalová, David Dolezel","doi":"10.1007/s00359-023-01647-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00359-023-01647-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous insect species living in temperate regions survive adverse conditions, such as winter, in a state of developmental arrest. The most reliable cue for anticipating seasonal changes is the day-to-night ratio, the photoperiod. The molecular mechanism of the photoperiodic timer in insects is mostly unclear. Multiple pieces of evidence suggest the involvement of circadian clock genes, however, their role might be independent of their well-established role in the daily oscillation of the circadian clock. Furthermore, reproductive diapause is preferentially studied in females, whereas males are usually used for circadian clock research. Given the idiosyncrasies of male and female physiology, we decided to test male reproductive diapause in a strongly photoperiodic species, the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus. The data indicate that reproduction is not under circadian control, whereas the photoperiod strongly determines males' mating capacity. Clock mutants in pigment dispersing factor and cryptochrome-m genes are reproductive even in short photoperiod. Thus, we provide additional evidence of the participation of circadian clock genes in the photoperiodic time measurement in insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"575-584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9986740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neural mechanism of circadian clock-based photoperiodism in insects and snails.","authors":"Yoshitaka Hamanaka, Masaharu Hasebe, Sakiko Shiga","doi":"10.1007/s00359-023-01662-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00359-023-01662-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The photoperiodic mechanism distinguishes between long and short days, and the circadian clock system is involved in this process. Although the necessity of circadian clock genes for photoperiodic responses has been demonstrated in many species, how the clock system contributes to photoperiodic mechanisms remains unclear. A comprehensive study, including the functional analysis of relevant genes and physiology of their expressing cells, is necessary to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms. Since Drosophila melanogaster exhibits a shallow photoperiodism, photoperiodic mechanisms have been studied in non-model species, starting with brain microsurgery and neuroanatomy, followed by genetic manipulation in some insects. Here, we review and discuss the involvement of the circadian clock in photoperiodic mechanisms in terms of neural networks in insects. We also review recent advances in the neural mechanisms underlying photoperiodic responses in insects and snails, and additionally circadian clock systems in snails, whose involvement in photoperiodism has hardly been addressed yet. Brain neurosecretory cells, insulin-like peptide/diuretic hormone44-expressing pars intercerebralis neurones in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris and caudo-dorsal cell hormone-expressing caudo-dorsal cells in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis, both promote egg laying under long days, and their electrical excitability is attenuated under short and medium days, which reduces oviposition. The photoperiodic responses of the pars intercerebralis neurones are mediated by glutamate under the control of the clock gene period. Thus, we are now able to assess the photoperiodic response by neurosecretory cell activity to investigate the upstream mechanisms, that is, the photoperiodic clock and counter.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"601-625"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11226556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10026295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"One seasonal clock fits all?","authors":"Stephan Michel, Laura Kervezee","doi":"10.1007/s00359-023-01680-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00359-023-01680-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptation of physiology and behavior to seasonal changes in the environment are for many organisms essential for survival. Most of our knowledge about the underlying mechanisms comes from research on photoperiodic regulation of reproduction in plants, insects and mammals. However, even humans, who mostly live in environments with minimal seasonal influences, show annual rhythms in physiology (e.g., immune activity, brain function), behavior (e.g., sleep-wake cycles) and disease prevalence (e.g., infectious diseases). As seasonal variations in environmental conditions may be drastically altered due to climate change, the understanding of the mechanisms underlying seasonal adaptation of physiology and behavior becomes even more relevant. While many species have developed specific solutions for dedicated tasks of photoperiodic regulation, we find a number of common principles and mechanisms when comparing insect and mammalian systems: (1) the circadian system contributes to photoperiodic regulation; (2) similar signaling molecules (VIP and PDF) are used for transferring information from the circadian system to the neuroendocrine system controlling the photoperiodic response; (3) the hormone melatonin participates in seasonal adaptation in insects as well as mammals; and (4) changes in photoperiod affect neurotransmitter function in both animal groups. The few examples of overlap elaborated in this perspective article, as well as the discussion on relevance for humans, should be seen as encouragement to unravel the machinery of seasonal adaptation in a multitude of organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"641-647"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11226558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72016203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}