{"title":"A plea for scientific integrity: a comment on the honeybee odometer controversy.","authors":"Geoffrey W Stuart","doi":"10.1007/s00359-025-01765-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-025-01765-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a non-peer-reviewed arXiv preprint Laura Luebbert and Lior Pachter made numerous criticisms of the work of Mandyam Srinivasan and colleagues, suggesting that there was evidence of data duplication and data manipulation in their work. These imputations were amplified in a news article and blog post in the journal Science and then made news in the mainstream media in several countries. This media activity took place before journals and institutions had the chance to conduct formal investigations that would have allowed Srinivasan and his colleagues a fair hearing, with input from independent experts. In addition, there was no time for the scientific community to evaluate Luebbert and Pachter's work. In particular, they made some very critical comments based on statistical simulations, where they claimed that R<sup>2</sup> values reported by Srinivasan and colleagues in six papers were \"ridiculously high\". In this commentary, I show that their inability to reproduce high R<sup>2</sup> values was due to major flaws in their simulation models. Luebbert and Pachter have never responded in detail to my criticisms, instead relying on the logical fallacies of argument from authority and ad hominem attacks.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandro Martín-Gabarrella, César Gemeno, Aleš Škorjanc, Andrej Meglič, Gregor Belušič
{"title":"Pupil dynamics reveal the tuning of tortricid moths to diel activity.","authors":"Alejandro Martín-Gabarrella, César Gemeno, Aleš Škorjanc, Andrej Meglič, Gregor Belušič","doi":"10.1007/s00359-025-01759-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-025-01759-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insect compound eyes adapt in response to average stimulus intensity, but the adaptation is mediated also by intrinsic circadian rhythms and abiotic factors like temperature, which are indirectly related to the stimulus. We studied the effect of light, circadian rhythm, temperature and body size on light adaptation in Grapholita molesta (GM), Lobesia botrana (LB) and Cydia pomonella (CP) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). These moths have superposition compound eyes with identical trichromatic photoreceptor sets and temporal resolution; however, the adults are sexually active before (GM), during (LB) or after (CP) sunset, and experience very different light intensity and temperature variations during their activity period. Their eyes were examined with infrared pupillometry, light microscopy and micro-CT. The compound eyes are very small to medium-sized, with a clearly visible superposition pupil. The pupil reflectance of adults entrained to a 12/12 h light/dark cycle for 2 days maintained the entrained rhythm for days, closing and opening during the subjective day and night, respectively. Circadian rhythm was the most robust in CP. A fully open pupil was forced to close with a light pulse, and pupil brightness changes were monitored at 15 and 22 °C. The experiment revealed complex and different pupil dynamics among species at both temperatures. GM, the smallest species, was most affected by the lower temperature. The experimental paradigm can be used for high-throughput, non-invasive monitoring of multiple species' response to climate change, and to chemical and light pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"My plea for academic decency remains unchanged: a response to Lior Pachter.","authors":"Eric J Warrant","doi":"10.1007/s00359-025-01764-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-025-01764-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lior Pachter's response to my Editorial (Warrant in J Comp Physiol A https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-025-01745-6 , 2025)-which details the recent public attacks on the integrity of Australian neuroethologist Mandyam Srinivasan-does little more than accuse me of writing a long series of ad hominem attacks against him and Laura Luebbert. I find this accusation very difficult to reconcile with what I actually wrote, and I leave it to the readers of my Editorial to decide for themselves whether I am guilty of this or not. Regardless of this, Pachter fails to address, or refute, the reason I wrote my Editorial in the first place-namely, to decry the manner in which he and Luebbert raised their concerns about Srinivasan's work. Thus, the conclusion of my Editorial remains unaltered-Luebbert's and Pachter's unjust public assassination of Srinivasan's reputation falls vastly short of the standards of academic decency expected of a respectful scientific discourse between peers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Setting the record straight: a response to Lior Pachter.","authors":"Mandyam V Srinivasan","doi":"10.1007/s00359-025-01763-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-025-01763-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In his response to Eric Warrant's editorial, Lior Pachter talks a good game about the importance of truth in the advancement of science. He argues that this is achieved by scientists challenging each other in the pursuit of truth, and that he has done this by reviewing the output from our lab and publishing his findings as a preprint on arXiv. However, a year after we have provided extensive explanations and scientific counter arguments to the claims in his arXiv preprint, debunking his spurious and false allegations of scientific misconduct, he shows no interest in addressing our responses and continues to repeat the same allegations in his response to Eric Warrant's Editorial. Since the publication of Luebbert and Pachter's preprint in May 2024, the relevant journals have examined and found no merit in their accusations, agreeing instead with our admission of inadvertent errors in four papers for which corrections have already been published. By continuing to peddle the same accusations despite evidence to the contrary, Pachter demonstrates that he is unwilling or perhaps incapable of following through on his own \"plea for academic truth\".</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural analogs modulate olfactory and behavioral responses to a bile acid sex pheromone in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus).","authors":"Anne M Scott, Ke Li, Joseph J Riedy, Weiming Li","doi":"10.1007/s00359-025-01760-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-025-01760-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) release a sex pheromone featuring a potent bile acid 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS), which plays a critical role in attracting ovulated females to spawning sites during their terminal reproductive phase. In this study, we evaluated how systematic modifications of 3kPZS, referred to as the 11 analogs that retain the 3kPZS core structure with one or more functional group substitutions, affect female sea lamprey neurophysiological and behavioral responses to 3kPZS. Using electro-olfactogram recordings and two-choice flume behavioral assays, we characterized responses elicited by each analog and assessed whether the analogs interfered with 3kPZS-induced responses. Our results demonstrate that bile acid analogs with substitutions of hydroxyl or ketone groups with sulfate moieties at carbon positions 3, 7, 12, and 24 elicit distinct olfactory and behavioral responses in sea lamprey. Analogs with a sulfate group at the carbon-24 position tended to elicit potent olfactory responses of comparable magnitude to 3kPZS. Adding more sulfates at the carbon-3, 7, or 12 position altered behavioral valence and often neutralized or reversed female attraction to 3kPZS in a flume. These data elucidate structure-activity relationships and identify key structural determinants underlying sea lamprey olfactory detection and odorant-mediated behavioral responses. The findings may inform a potential approach for managing invasive sea lamprey populations in the Laurentian Great Lakes by disrupting bile acid mediated pheromone communication. Further research is needed to assess the utility of these compounds in natural stream environments and to refine the structural features of these pheromone antagonists to enhance their efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145180398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Dang, Uroš Cerkvenik, Marko Ilić, Primož Pirih, Eva Debevc, Adriana D Briscoe, Gregor Belušič
{"title":"Graded opsin co-expression along the butterfly retina fine tunes the spectral sensitivity of a colour-opponent cell across the visual field.","authors":"Andrew Dang, Uroš Cerkvenik, Marko Ilić, Primož Pirih, Eva Debevc, Adriana D Briscoe, Gregor Belušič","doi":"10.1007/s00359-025-01761-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-025-01761-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compound eyes deliver a vast stream of information to the tiny insect brains. To maximize the information content and minimize the redundancy of neural signals, insect eyes are built so to encode the relevant and filter out the unimportant elements of the visual environment. Terrestrial habitats have a predictable spatio-spectral structure, which can be matched by the distribution of photoreceptors with different spectral sensitivities across the retina. Here, we investigate the retinal organization of the nymphalid butterfly Heliconius melpomene using single-cell recordings, immunohistochemistry and eye shine imaging. The ventral retina is enriched with ommatidia, which contain red screening pigments that shape the spectral sensitivity of basal red receptors R9, while their long visual fibre photoreceptors R1&2, expressing a long-wavelength (L) opsin, are synaptically inhibited by R9 and directly participate in colour vision. These G + R- receptors frequently co-express the L opsin with the blue (B) or ultraviolet (U) opsin. U&L opsin-co-expressing R1&2 are scarce, while B&L co-expression is frequent in the ventral ommatidia and gradually diminishes towards the eye equator, where G + R- receptors express the L opsin only. In this region, G + R- receptors are further inhibited by blue-sensitive receptors. With electrophysiology matching immunohistochemistry, we reveal the fine tuning of spectral sensitivity of a single photoreceptor class across the dorso-ventral axis of the butterfly compound eye. Similar tuning is found in other nymphalid butterflies across the phylogeny, suggesting that this adaptation is ancestral and confers an advantage to those diurnal nymphalids, equipped with the cellular toolkit for colour vision in the red.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145152097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Rato, Joana Costa, Diana Gonçalves, Domitília Matias, Sandra Joaquim, Peter C Hubbard
{"title":"Electrophysiological responses of the clam (Ruditapes decussatus) osphradium to amino acids and alarm cues.","authors":"Ana Rato, Joana Costa, Diana Gonçalves, Domitília Matias, Sandra Joaquim, Peter C Hubbard","doi":"10.1007/s00359-025-01757-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-025-01757-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemical sensing of the surrounding environment is crucial for many aspects of bivalve biology, such as food detection and predator avoidance. Aquatic organisms strongly depend on chemosensory systems; however, little is known about chemosensory systems in bivalves. To understand how the carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) senses its surrounding chemical environment, we used an electrophysiological technique - the electro-osphradiogram - to assess the sensitivity of the osphradium to different putative odorants (amino acids, bile acids) and odours (predator-released cues and signals from con- and heterospecific bivalves). The clam osphradium was sensitive to most proteinogenic L-amino acids, evoking negative, tonic, and concentration-dependent responses. However, acidic amino acids (L-glutamic and L-aspartic acid), L-arginine and bile acids (cholic, taurocholic and taurolithocholic acid) failed to evoke any response. Surprisingly, while cues from injured bivalves (con- and heterospecific) evoked strong responses, predator-released cues (green crab, Carcinus maenas) failed to elicit any response, whether fed or unfed. That predator-released cues failed to evoke an electrophysiological response in the clam osphradium may indicate that they use cues released by injured prey - alarm cues - to avoid predation and/or that predators are detected by different sensory modalities. Indeed, the behavioural assays, performed to understand how clams make use of such sensory inputs, revealed that the activity index decreased after exposure to water conditioned with injured conspecifics, suggesting the origin of such alarm cues. Further research is needed to identify the chemical nature of these cues. We suggest that the electro-osphradiogram will be a useful tool in this endeavour.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A plea for academic truth.","authors":"Lior Pachter","doi":"10.1007/s00359-025-01756-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-025-01756-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In her book Why trust Science?, Naomi Oreskes examines the question of what it means to say that \"science corrects itself\", highlighting the importance of the social process of science and specifically the importance of scientists challenging each other in the pursuit of truth. In a recent preprint, a colleague and I did exactly that, reviewing a corpus of work by Australian neuroethologist Mandyam Srinivasan and identifying numerous problems across ten of his papers, including several instances of identical data being reported for different experiments. In a recent editorial, Eric Warrant dismisses our critiques of Srinivasan's work as \"sloppiness all of us are capable of\", and instead focuses on attacking us, sometimes conflating criticisms of others of Srinivasan's work with ours. Here I review his claims and argue for the importance of truth in the advancement of science.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leo Wood, Karrah Hayes, Varun Sharma, Eric Sun, Max Chen, Simon Sponberg
{"title":"Neural bottlenecks: axon count, distribution, and conduction in the Manduca sexta neck connective.","authors":"Leo Wood, Karrah Hayes, Varun Sharma, Eric Sun, Max Chen, Simon Sponberg","doi":"10.1007/s00359-025-01755-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-025-01755-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sevag Kaladchibachi, David C Negelspach, Jamie M Zeitzer, Fabian-Xosé Fernandez
{"title":"A millisecond parameter space for phase-shifting the circadian pacemaker with near-ultraviolet light.","authors":"Sevag Kaladchibachi, David C Negelspach, Jamie M Zeitzer, Fabian-Xosé Fernandez","doi":"10.1007/s00359-025-01754-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-025-01754-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light-mediated circadian entrainment is a fundamental sensory process across taxa, yet the contribution of ultraviolet-A (UVA; 315-400 nm) wavelengths remains poorly understood. Here, we characterize the phase-shifting effects of brief UVA light flashes in Drosophila ananassae, a species with known sensitivity to short-wavelength light via ocular and extraocular photoreceptors. Using a parametric array of 62 UVA LED protocols varying in flash duration (8, 16, 120 ms), frequency (0.13-1.0 Hz), and irradiance, we quantified circadian phase shifts in the locomotor activity rhythm under constant darkness following stimulation in either the delay (ZT13) or advance (ZT23) zones. Young flies (2-3 days old) exhibited robust phase delays and advances that scaled with flash luminance and frequency. Dose-response modeling revealed increased phase-shifting efficiency and lower energy thresholds with decreasing flash duration, especially at ZT23. By contrast, aged flies (40-45 days) showed significantly attenuated responses, particularly to 8 ms pulses, indicating an age-related decline in UVA sensitivity. These findings suggest that the insect circadian system is finely tuned to the temporal structure of UVA input, with optimal entrainment possibly occurring in response to brief, intermittent stimulation. The marked reduction in responsiveness with age highlights a potential erosion of fast-acting photoreceptive pathways. Given the conservation of UVA-sensitive photopigments across animals, these results offer comparative insights into how temporal light encoding influences circadian regulation across life stages and taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":54862,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}