Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Development of a large-scale standard device for calibration of high-precision spherical coordinate scanning measurement systems","authors":"Anbin Sun ,&nbsp;Jihu Wang ,&nbsp;Wenxu Qian ,&nbsp;Ling Wang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Fan ,&nbsp;Tieze Cao ,&nbsp;Ting Gao ,&nbsp;Zhi Zou ,&nbsp;Lijun Xu ,&nbsp;Liqun Ma ,&nbsp;Li Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of high-precision spherical coordinate scanning measurement systems (HP-SCSMSs) has significantly improved the efficiency and accuracy of profile measurements for complex curved parts, such as aircraft wings, fuselages, rocket bodies, and wind turbine blades. However, the calibration and performance evaluation of HP-SCSMSs remain challenging, as both internal geometric errors and external error sources can contribute to inaccuracies in the resulting 3D point clouds. To address these challenges, a large-scale curved surface standard device has been designed and assembled. This device provides a physical reference for evaluating HP-SCSMSs and facilitates comprehensive calibration of HP-SCSMSs. This paper details the design, assembly, and verification of the standard device. During the design phase, the careful consideration is given to the surface shape and the adjustment strategy for the surface panels to ensure the device could simulate a variety of scanning objects and conditions. To mitigate the effects of temperature changes on measurement accuracy, an innovative independent suspension and radial guide structure is implemented, effectively reducing the impact of thermal deformation. During assembly, advanced high-precision measurement techniques are employed to ensure the precise alignment and stability of each component. Finally, to verify the long-term stability of the standard device, three measurements of its concave panel using a laser tracker are taken over a period of nine months. The measured data are compared with the previously constructed model, showing a maximum Root Mean Square (RMS) of 0.009 mm. The developed large-scale standard device provides a reliable standard for evaluating and calibrating HP-SCSMSs, addressing both internal and external error sources, and lays the groundwork for the development and refinement of industry standards for HP-SCSMSs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 675-692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A two-axis Lloyd's mirror interferometer with elastically bent mirrors for fabrication of variable-line-spacing scale gratings","authors":"Chenguang Yin,&nbsp;Ryo Sato,&nbsp;Satoshi Kodaka,&nbsp;Hiraku Matsukuma,&nbsp;Wei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A cost-effective and flexible laser interference lithography system with an exposure area of approximately 100 mm × 100 mm for fabrication of two-axis variable-line-spacing (VLS) scale gratings is newly proposed and developed. Two elastically bent mirror (EBM) modules, each of which is composed of an elastically bent mirror and a loading mechanism, are integrated into a non-orthogonal two-axis Lloyd's mirror interferometer. The deflections of the <em>X</em>- and <em>Y</em>-EBMs can generate nonlinear components in the wavefronts of the <em>X</em>- and <em>Y</em>-beams, resulting in a stationary interference fringe field with variable pitches along the <em>X</em>- and <em>Y</em>-directions, respectively. The pitch specifications (the center pitch and the pitch variation range) of the grating can be adjusted by changing the corresponding module parameters (the tilt angle and the applied load). Theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that for EMBs with a dimension of 450 mm (length) × 250 (width) × 2 mm (thickness), the center pitch can be linearly adjusted within the range of 680 nm–1290 nm with respect to a tilt angle range of 10°, while the pitch variation range is independently adjustable from 60 nm to 130 nm with respect to an applied load range of 8 N. Two-axis VLS grating structures with a center pitch of 1000 nm and a pitch variation of ±45 nm are successfully fabricated over a fabrication area of 100 mm × 100 mm, which demonstrates the feasibility of the developed system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 623-637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chatter detection and suppression system integrated with the CNC lathe","authors":"Bartosz Powałka ,&nbsp;Jan Tomaszewski","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chatter vibrations lead to poor surface finish and tool wear. Reliable chatter detection is a prerequisite for its prevention. This paper presents a lathe spindle equipped with displacement sensors to detect chatter vibrations. The sensors are integrated into the machine tool through communication with the CNC control system and are protected from cutting fluids and chips. The data collected during machining are used to calculate the chatter indicator, which is based on the multiple samples per revolution method. The use of displacement sensors has made it possible to define an additional indicator that distinguishes between the appearance of chatter vibrations and the entry or exit of the workpiece. The transmissibility function is used to evaluate the vibration at the tool tip, which contributes to the autonomy of the chatter detection. Numerous experimental tests have confirmed the high reliability of the proposed indicators, which helps to avoid false alarms. When chatter vibrations are detected, an autonomous algorithm for regulating the spindle speed is activated. The stable speed is selected based on the natural frequency, which is determined using the experimentally estimated frequency of chatter vibrations. Cutting tests have confirmed the effectiveness of the algorithms developed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 526-544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on assembly performance prediction, optimal design, and adjustment methods for precision opto-mechanical system","authors":"Shenhua Ma,&nbsp;Xiaokai Mu,&nbsp;Zhihao Fan,&nbsp;Yuchen Ai,&nbsp;Zibo Sun,&nbsp;Qingchao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of optical technology, opto-mechanical systems are widely applied in space exploration, high-energy laser applications, and ultra-precision laser processing and measurement. The precise assembly of optical components is a key factor in ensuring the performance of opto-mechanical systems. Therefore, improving the assembly performance of optical systems has become one of the hot topics in optical research. The research on the assembly performance of existing opto-mechanical systems primarily emphasizes predictive model construction, optimization of structural stiffness, assembly process planning, and automation equipment development. These studies typically address only one or a few specific issues and lack a systematic review of the overall development status and technical interrelations of high-performance assembly technologies for opto-mechanical systems. Moreover, technology that integrates “design, assembly, measurement, and adjustment” to enhance optomechanical systems has yet to be developed. Centered on two key performance metrics of opto-mechanical systems—pointing accuracy and surface distortion, this paper reviews the theoretical frameworks and technical progress of related predictive models, addressing three aspects: current research status, error analysis, and quantitative performance description methods. Secondly, from the perspectives of optimization design and adjusting processes, this paper summarizes the main technical approaches for improving optical performance, comparing, and applying deterministic and uncertainty optimization methods for optical system error factors, and analyzes their applicability and limitations. Subsequently, this paper focuses on the development status of intelligent assembly and adjustment technologies and analyzes their role in improving assembly accuracy from two aspects: assembly processes and assembly equipment. Finally, this paper concludes by summarizing the findings and envisioning future directions, offering a clear learning pathway for novices in the field of opto-mechanical system performance research, presenting specialists with perspectives on key technologies and avenues for further exploration, and providing a valuable reference for practical engineering applications and future studies, facilitating new technological breakthroughs and theoretical advancements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 545-570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and experimental research on surface formation during 3D ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning","authors":"Shiyu Wei,&nbsp;Caoyuan Wei,&nbsp;Zhilun Zhou,&nbsp;Yifei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive study on the surface formation mechanism of three-dimensional ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning (3D-UVAT) is a major contribution to improving the finished surface quality and expanding the functional surface. In this study, the influence of different machining parameters on the output surface was thoroughly investigated with the critical cutting speed. In addition, the contribution of the plastic side flow of the material and the elastic recovery of the material to the surface roughness under different parameter conditions was calculated. The theoretical analysis was confirmed by experiments. Overall, this study sheds new light on 3D-UVAT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 461-473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nd-Fe-B micro-magnet machined by diamond wire sawing: An approach on surface integrity and magnetic properties","authors":"Erick Cardoso Costa ,&nbsp;Paulo Antônio Pereira Wendhausen ,&nbsp;Fabio Antonio Xavier","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of diamond wire sawing on the surface integrity and magnetic properties of machined Nd-Fe-B micro-magnets. A diamond wire saw was employed to cut micro-magnets from larger sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets, varying wire cutting speed (v_c), feed rate (v_f), and micro-magnet thickness. Surface integrity and magnetic properties of micro-magnets were analyzed. The results showed that surface morphology presented microgrooving and microcutting predominance at higher v_c, while crater formation increased with higher v_f. The minimum surface roughness values achieved were S_a = 0.32 μm, S_q = 0.41 μm, and S_z = 5.93 μm. Subsurface damage included Nd₂Fe₁₄B grain pullout and intergranular microcracks, and chips exhibited a fragment-like morphology. A micro-magnet thickness of 80.4 ± 4.6 μm was successfully obtained at v_c = 5 m/s, whereas cutting micro-magnets &lt;200 μm was challenging at 15–25 m/s. A reduction in micro-magnet thickness led to a decline in magnetic properties: for the 80.4 ± 4.6 μm micro-magnet, H_cj was 1209.5 kA/m and (BH)_max was 217.3 kJ/m³, whereas for the 495.0 ± 8.2 μm micro-magnet, H_cj reached 1403.4 kA/m and (BH)_max was 286.2 kJ/m³. The decrease in magnetic properties correlated with an increase in the machined surface-to-volume ratio. These findings indicate that diamond wire sawing is a promising micromachining process for Nd-Fe-B micro-magnets, ensuring high surface quality while maintaining excellent magnetic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 505-525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adjustable and controllable a priori design of lattice structure based on deep learning","authors":"Shun Yang Pan ,&nbsp;Yi Zhong ,&nbsp;Yong Yang ,&nbsp;Qixin Zhu ,&nbsp;Dan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lattice structures are widely used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing and biomedical engineering because of their excellent properties. Most of the existing design methods for lattice structures are the a posteriori design. Based on the basic structure of rods, beams, plates, shells, etc., the lattice cell is constructed first, and then the performance of the lattice materials is verified. It is difficult to realize the suitable design for the performance requirements of the lattice materials. To solve this problem, the adjustable and controllable a priori design method of lattice structures is proposed. By taking the expected performance goal of the lattice structure as the design starting point, lattice structures with different dominant performance are topologically associated to construct the design space, so that the adjustability of lattice structure performance can be ensured. A layered and progressive strategy is proposed to optimize the design space and ensure the controllability of lattice structure performance. Moreover, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is introduced to learn the law between the configurations and the corresponding mechanical performance. Then, through the optimization algorithm, the lattice structure is obtained oriented to the requirement of expected performance index. Through the above process, the adjustable and controllable a priori design of lattice structure is constructed. In addition, the example is given to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the adjustable and controllable a priori design method of lattice structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 474-485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence mechanism of electroplasticity effect on plastic deformation during electrical-assisted cutting nickel-based superalloys","authors":"ZhaoPeng Hao ,&nbsp;ZhiLin Mao ,&nbsp;JinGuang Du ,&nbsp;YiHang Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the effect of current density on stresses and dislocations during electrical-assisted cutting nickel-based superalloys has been investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations combined with the Joule heat effect of heat transfer in nanoscale and the electron wind effect in nanoscale. The changes of dislocation multiplication, dislocation movement and dislocation entanglement in the deformation zone of the material during the cutting process at different current densities were analyzed to determine the effect of electroplastic effect on the plastic deformation of the material. The results show that the average stress and dislocation density related to plastic deformation are significantly reduced under the action of current. The applied current leads to a significant temperature rise of the workpiece and reduces the work hardening behavior during the deformation of the material. The stress and current density inside the workpiece decrease with the increase of current density. In the case of maximum current density, the internal stress and current density of the workpiece change significantly. Compared with ordinary cutting, the maximum peak value of stress is reduced by 16 %, and the maximum peak value of dislocation density is reduced by 30 %. With the increase of current density, the peak of the maximum dislocation density of the material is advanced. The electron wind effect promotes dislocation slip, and the applied current significantly enhances the plasticity of the workpiece.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 582-595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-precision rotary scratching of concave blazed gratings","authors":"Tianxiao Chang ,&nbsp;Chao Lin ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zhu ,&nbsp;Peng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concave blazed gratings serve a fundamental role in miniaturized spectrometers, fulfilling the duties of both a plane grating and focusing mirror. However, common fabrication methods are often limited in terms of efficiency, precision or the range of machinable materials. To address the issue, the ultra-precision rotary scratching method for generating the complex structures is suggested. A continuous and smooth tool path is utilized to preclude acceleration movements across various machine axes during fabrication. A diamond tool with the blaze angle incorporated into the tool geometry is employed. To avoid tool interference when fabricating concave structures, the real-time position of points where the tool may interfere with the processed surface is calculated. The interference checks are integrated into the tool path generation process. The analysis of four potential error sources in path generation is conducted and corresponding error modeling is performed. The influence of errors on the form and position of the path is investigated and compensations are made accordingly. This method offers high flexibility, efficiency, and precision in machining concave gratings. Successful fabrication of concave blaze gratings with 1.8° blazed angle, 1/3 mm grating pitch and 49.375 mm radius of the base sphere is achieved, and the surface roughness (Sa) of top facets reaches 9 nm, accompanied by a blaze angle error of 0.004° and a period error of 0.1984 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 422-434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dynamic Timoshenko beam constraint model for use in compliant mechanisms with intermediate deformation ranges","authors":"Shilei Wu ,&nbsp;Mingxiang Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compliant mechanisms undergoing intermediate deformation ranges can be found in many applications, including large-stroke precision positioning stages, robotic pivots, energy harvesters and micro-electro-mechanical systems, etc. However, the geometric nonlinearity often leads to great design challenges. A dynamic Timoshenko beam constraint model (DTBCM) is herein reported to capture the nonlinear force-displacement relationship of flexure beams undergoing large-amplitude vibrations, including the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia. Two equivalent dynamic stiffness matrices of the DTBCM are also derived for two-node flexure beams in the presence of axial forces and nodal displacements, respectively. With a full matrix operation, the presented DTBCM enables a concise modeling process, and hence offers a straightforward tool for nonlinear kinetostatic and dynamic analyses of complex serial-parallel configurations. The influence of shear deformation and rotary inertia on the nonlinear stiffness and particularly on the amplitude-dependent resonance frequency is discussed through two case studies. The geometric nonlinearities of dynamic stiffening and weak stiffness softening are, respectively, observed with the two case studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 447-460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}