Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"A deep learning-enhanced in-situ surface topography measurement method based on the focus variation microscopy and the industrial camera for material extrusion-based additive manufacturing","authors":"Kexin Yin,&nbsp;Yuchu Qin,&nbsp;Shan Lou,&nbsp;Paul Scott,&nbsp;Xiangqian Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Focus variation microscopy is a powerful tool but is limited in its applicability to in-situ states. A research gap exists in adapting focus variation microscopy with inexpensive, easy-to-operate cameras to enable rapid surface topography acquisition in online measurements. To address this, we propose a novel deep learning-enhanced framework, M2CNet, in which images captured by a conventional industrial camera are first aligned with microscopy images using feature-based image registration. These aligned images are then paired with high-precision point clouds using a multi-focus window sliding technique and finally mapped to 3D point clouds via convolutional neural networks. A case study involving the surface of PLA fabricated by FDM showed that the M2CNet-16 model achieved the best result, with an average surface roughness (Sq) error of 6.4%, a Pearson correlation of 83.5%, and a processing time of 2.61 s. These results indicate that M2CNet improves training and prediction efficiency while maintaining state-of-the-art performance. Findings validate the feasibility of using simple cameras for high-precision topography measurements in material extrusion-based additive manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 464-475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards understanding the machinability improvement of high-entropy alloys via ultra-precision diamond cutting technology in a magnetic field environment","authors":"Yintian Xing ,&nbsp;Yue Liu ,&nbsp;Yuhan Li ,&nbsp;Changxi Xue ,&nbsp;Wai Sze Yip ,&nbsp;Suet To","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have played a pivotal role in numerous fields because of their exceptional physical and chemical properties. However, complex composition of various elemental and the incomplete understanding of manufacturing mechanisms make it challenging to achieve ultraprecision surface formation using traditional processing methods. Therefore, this study proposes ultra-precision diamond cutting in magnetic field environment to enhance the nanometer-precision surface integrity of HEAs. Furthermore, phenomenological features are discussed and analyzed using advanced characterization techniques, ranging from macroscopic surface morphology to microscopic subsurface structure, to achieve a deeper understanding for material removal process. The generation mechanism of ultraprecision surfaces is thoroughly investigated by studying changes in surface, subsurface, chip, and tool wear with and without external magnetic field excitation. This study demonstrates that the ultra-precision surface integrity of HEA workpieces is enhanced due to changes in the workpiece material during machining when a magnetic field is applied, leading to significantly improved machinability. This work provides a promising manufacturing technology for improving ultraprecision surface quality in advanced materials, aiming to meet future application requirements across various fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 398-417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on micro-drilling machinability of additive manufactured and traditional forged Ti6Al4V titanium alloys","authors":"Zhongwei Chen ,&nbsp;Xian Wu ,&nbsp;Ganggang Yin ,&nbsp;Ze Wu ,&nbsp;Feng Jiang ,&nbsp;Jianyun Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of additive manufacturing (AM) technology has propelled the in-depth application of titanium alloy materials in industrial fields such as aerospace, military, and medical. Post-processing, including micro-drilling, is a crucial step to ensure the successful utilization of additive manufactured (AMed) components. In this study, micro-drilling machinability of Ti6Al4V titanium alloys that fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) process before and after heat-treatment was studied. The forged titanium alloy was selected as a comparison. The findings indicate that the thrust force and micro-hole wall surface quality of titanium alloy materials are more sensitive to the changes in feed rate. The additive manufactured titanium alloy before heat-treatment exhibits the maximum thrust force and micro-hole wall surface roughness. Material strength exerts a more pronounced effect on the thrust force during drilling compared to material hardness, while micro-defects are the factors that contribute to the deterioration in surface quality. Additionally, the exit burr of the forged titanium alloy shows the largest size, which is 34.28 % and 8.73 % greater than that of the AMed titanium alloys before and after heat-treatment. Smaller feed rate and larger spindle speed are helpful to reduce the exit burr size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 434-443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive fixturing of non-rigid workpieces for coordinate measurements","authors":"Maciej Byszewski ,&nbsp;Adam Woźniak","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper presents a new method of fixturing non-rigid workpieces during their measurements using a coordinate measuring machine. The new fixturing method consists in the use of active supports and an algorithm for optimal location of active supports. In order to experimentally verify the proposed method of fixturing non-rigid elements experimental and simulation studies are presented. The use of the developed adaptive fixturing allowed for an eight-fold reduction of the error associated with gravitational interaction. The adaptive fixturing method is fully scalable and can also be used in the case of large-sized workpieces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 455-463"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction for the heel effect in helical μCT scans for accurate densitometry","authors":"Jorden De Bolle ,&nbsp;Louis Verschuren ,&nbsp;Jan Van den Bulcke ,&nbsp;Matthieu N. Boone","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.06.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.06.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In most conventional X-ray tubes, the anode target is tilted with respect to the optical axis of the measurement system. However, the tilt causes a spatial variation of the X-ray spectrum throughout the generated X-ray beam, a spatio-spectral effect called the (anode) heel effect. Since the sample in a micro computed tomography (<span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>CT) scan experiences an asymmetry in the X-ray beam spectrum due to the heel effect, the projection images will contain an asymmetry as well. This influences the resulting reconstructions from the <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>CT scan. As a consequence, the heel effect hinders an accurate determination of local material densities with <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>CT, particularly when using a helical trajectory. In this paper, a method will be demonstrated that is capable of correcting for the heel effect in helical <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>CT scans where the heel effect is oriented perpendicular to the rotation axis. This increases the accuracy of the obtained local mass densities. In addition, the method removes beam hardening effects. The method is based on a lookup table (LUT) that is used to correct pixel values in the normalised projection images of the <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>CT scan in order to eliminate the asymmetry introduced by the heel effect. We demonstrate this correction algorithm on a helical <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>CT scan of wood increment cores, which sufficiently satisfies the method’s requirement of a homogeneous chemical composition. Nonetheless, the method can be used in a wide variety of applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 476-486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification and optimization of spatial tooth profile for harmonic drive considering machining fillet feature in the hobbing process","authors":"Feifei Yuan,&nbsp;Ke Xiao,&nbsp;Linjun Li,&nbsp;Yanfeng Han,&nbsp;Cheng Wang,&nbsp;Guo Xiang,&nbsp;Xiujie Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies the modification and optimization of spatial tooth profile for harmonic drive, especially considering machining fillet feature in the hobbing process. The work begins with an analysis of the spatial deformation of the flexspline and its motion trajectory, allowing for the determination of an envelope for the motion trajectory of flexspline teeth. Based on the hobbing process characteristics, we propose a modification calculation method by calculating the vertical distance at engagement points between this envelope and the circular spline teeth profile, the modification values that ensure non-interference engagement is obtained. Besides, the introduction of the machining fillet feature into the tooth profile design is explored, revealing its positive impact on the stress distribution of harmonic drive. A finite element model is utilized to assess the effectiveness of modification and optimization of spatial tooth profile for harmonic drive. Finite element simulation results demonstrate that the modification and optimization considering fillet feature proposed in this paper effectively redistributes contact stress towards the middle section of the teeth and improves stress concentration at the ends. This work provides a theoretical basis for the service life expanding and reliability improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"96 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ductile machining of single-crystal germanium freeform optics via ultra-precision diamond turning for high-performance infrared imaging systems","authors":"Kundan Kumar Prasad ,&nbsp;M.P. Singh ,&nbsp;Vipender Singh Negi ,&nbsp;Vinod Mishra ,&nbsp;Sunil Jha ,&nbsp;Gufran Sayeed Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.06.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.06.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the precise fabrication of cubic phase freeform optics on single-crystal germanium (sc-Ge) for infrared (IR) imaging systems, addressing thermal-induced defocus challenges. Achieving nanometric surface finish and high form accuracy in sc-Ge via diamond turning machining (DTM) is challenging due to the material's brittleness. To overcome this, a novel groove generation model is developed to optimize DTM parameters and minimize brittle fractures using various cutting approaches. Additionally, the study demonstrates that a hybrid cutting approach, which combines constant angle and arc methods, achieves ductile-based machining and enhances surface quality significantly. Precise workpiece alignment is vital for ensuring high form accuracy in freeform optics; therefore, a fiducial-based method is developed for characterization using a mechanical profilometer, and a long-wavelength interferometry measurement. Final surface evaluation utilized a computer-generated hologram (CGH) in a Fizeau interferometer, achieving a form error of 0.47 μm and surface roughness (Sa) of 2 nm for cubic freeform optics which is acceptable in the infrared imaging system. The developed optics are integrated into an infrared camera within a wavefront coding setup to counteract thermal defocus. This work provides valuable insights into brittle-ductile transitions and nano-surface generation, enhancing machining techniques for IR freeform optics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 380-397"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144534369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-zero-vibration non-contact transportation by single-body decoupled 2-DOF magnetic levitator for multi-size targets with unknown mass","authors":"Jae Woo Jung,&nbsp;Eun Kyu Kim,&nbsp;Hyeong Min Yoon,&nbsp;Jun Young Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a near-zero-vibration control (NZVC) method to significantly reduce the inertial disturbance for high-throughput non-contact transportation of multi-size levitated targets with unknown mass using a single-body 2-DOF magnetic levitation actuator. The proposed NZVC method is composed of two key components: (1) a parameter estimation algorithm designed to identify the target size with unknown mass and the associated changes in system dynamics, and (2) an adaptive feedforward controller, capable of compensating for inertial disturbances in the levitated targets during high-acceleration transportation. The proposed parameter estimation algorithm, which is based on the comprehensive system model that integrates the magnetic levitation actuator and the fiber optical sensor, enables accurate estimation of the size of the targets with an error of less than 1<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span>. The NZVC method, combined with an adaptive feedforward controller, achieves a maximum of 87.4<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span> and 52.2<span><math><mtext>%</mtext></math></span> reduction in the target vibration and accumulated energy consumption by decreasing the current required to compensate for the undesired vibration from inertial disturbances during high-throughput non-contact transportation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 319-328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piezoelectric damping of position dependent parasitic resonances for improved performance of flexure-based manipulators","authors":"Bram Seinhorst ,&nbsp;Marijn Nijenhuis ,&nbsp;Wouter Hakvoort","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of precision machinery is often limited by parasitic vibration modes of the system. These parasitic resonances typically limit the actuation bandwidth, can lead to long settling times and can degrade the end-effector standstill performance when disturbance forces or floor vibrations are present. As a complicating factor, the parasitic resonance frequencies may vary over the workspace of the system. Conventional design guidelines focuses on stiff and lightweight design, leading to high parasitic resonance frequencies. However, for further improvement in performance, damping of some of the problematic resonances is required. In this work, a flexure-based manipulator is considered that exhibits performance limiting resonances, of which the frequencies vary with the deflection of the manipulator. An active damping approach, based on integrating piezoelectric material in the flexures which actively suppress the parasitic vibration modes is proposed and experimentally validated. Using a scheduled vibration controller, the actuation budget is effectively and efficiently used to suppress targeted parasitic resonances over the entire workspace, leading to a significant increase in the dynamic and steady state performance of the flexure-based manipulator. The resonance peak height of the first four parasitic resonances is reduced by a factor 10 over the majority of the workspace. This results in a modal damping of these resonances in the range <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mtext>–</mtext><mn>7</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>. Due to the resonance peak suppression, the control bandwidth of the Lorentz actuator for the intended motion of the manipulator can effectively be doubled. Lastly, it is shown that the higher control bandwidth and improved settling behaviour of parasitic resonances lead to better disturbance rejection and faster cycle times for an indexing setpoint task.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 368-379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in surface finishing technology for wind turbine gears: A comprehensive review","authors":"Lijun Cheng ,&nbsp;Wenhui Li ,&nbsp;Xiuhong Li ,&nbsp;Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuejie Wen ,&nbsp;Liangchen wang ,&nbsp;Hao Xie ,&nbsp;Jingyi Liu ,&nbsp;Rongxue Wu ,&nbsp;Shengqiang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing energy scarcity and the threat of environmental pollution are significant obstacles to enhancing global economic growth. In this context, wind energy is a crucial focus due to its clean and sustainable nature. The demands for large-scale wind turbines, lightweight core components, independent key technologies, intelligent industrial development, and flexible production processes have heightened the requirements for the surface integrity of wind turbine gears. The surface integrity of wind turbine gears, which feature numerous teeth, deep grooves, and large modulus, is directly related to wind turbines' operational efficiency and service life. This paper thoroughly overviews the current technical challenges associated with finishing wind turbine gears. It systematically reviews domestic and international research findings and application statuses related to wind turbine gear surface finishing technologies. The paper summarizes and compares various surface finishing methods' technical characteristics and applications, emphasizing their effectiveness in improving gear surface integrity. Ultimately, it presents a concise discussion on adaptive strategies for implementing advanced gear finishing techniques in wind turbine gears and an outlook on future developments. It offers valuable insights and practical recommendations to address the challenges of wind turbine gear finishing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 277-303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}