Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Diameter measurement of nano/micro-optical fiber based on effective refractive index including uncertainty analysis with Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"Masaki Michihata,&nbsp;Yushen Liu,&nbsp;Shuzo Masui,&nbsp;Satoru Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical fibers with diameters of a few micrometers or less are essential devices in next-generation optical circuits and quantum photonics, so an accurate measurement technique of the fiber diameter is indispensable for performing their functions. Because nano/micro-optical fibers form an evanescent light field around their surface, the effective refractive index depends on the cross-sectional area of the optical fiber and the surrounding air, which also determines the propagation constant of the propagating light in the fiber. Based on the optical relationship, we proposed a principle to measure the fiber diameter by measuring the propagation constant with the scanning near field optical (SNOM) probe, and evaluated its measurement performance by means of uncertainty analysis. The proposed method is measurable in the single mode region, so that, for example, using 1550 nm, a diameter range from 350 nm to 1.1 μm can be measured. Detailed experimental evaluations of the measurement reliability were conducted, and then, the uncertainty of measurement was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. Based on the results of the uncertainty analysis, it was stated that the uncertainty of measurement can be minimized in diameter measurement by optimizing the working wavelength of the measurement system. It was experimentally shown that a relative uncertainty of about ±5.7 % (<em>k</em> = 2) was possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 303-316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manufacturing processes for microscale metallic hollow structures: numerical investigation and analysis","authors":"Ningqian Tang ,&nbsp;Wanfei Ren ,&nbsp;Jinkai Xu ,&nbsp;Zhaoqiang Zou ,&nbsp;Peng Yu ,&nbsp;Lei Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hollow metallic structures exhibit extensive applications in the fields of lightweight and energy storage. Nevertheless, fabricating reliable and durable hollow structures at sub-100 μm scales remains challenging. To gain deeper insights into the experimental parameters of hollow structures fabricated via meniscus-confined electrodeposition (MCED), we employed finite element simulation software to numerically model and analyzed the deposition process. This study investigated the influence of parameters, voltage, environmental humidity, and microglass tube diameter, on the formation of hollow structures, thereby guiding subsequent experimental designs. Finally, by applying high voltage, low ambient humidity, and larger microglass tube diameters, the feasibility of directly manufacturing hollow structures smaller than 100 μm in a single step was confirmed using MCED technology. The findings will facilitate the extension of this technique to the deposition of other advanced materials exhibiting tailored microstructures and properties, rendering it highly suitable for diverse applications in fields including aerospace and automotive industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 95-108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of subsurface micro-crack initiation in orthogonal cutting of nickel-based cast superalloy","authors":"Dong Zhang,&nbsp;Guang-Chao Nie,&nbsp;Zheng-Yan Yang,&nbsp;Xiao-Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of subsurface micro-cracks during machining poses a significant challenge in manufacturing engineering, contributing to the degradation of components’ machined surface integrity. However, the process of micro-crack formation lacks direct in-situ experimental characterization, creating a gap in understanding the micro-crack initiation mechanisms on the machined subsurface. This study addresses this gap by utilizing an ultra-high-speed in-situ imaging system to capture micro-crack formation within the machined subsurface during the orthogonal cutting of nickel-based cast superalloy. The moment of crack initiation can be estimated by analyzing the displacement increment gradient between successive images. A quantitative analysis of displacement fields and accumulated strain fields during subsurface micro-crack initiation using the digital image correlation (DIC) approach has been presented. The localized tensile tangential strain on the machined subsurface before crack initiation is found to be approximately constant under various cutting parameters, and the maximum machined micro-cracks can reach around 59.7 μm in width and 158.6 μm in length. Furthermore, the observed cracking phenomenon in the machined subsurface demonstrates attributes typical of cleavage fracture, characterized by brittle cracking with low plasticity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 118-130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation mechanism and accurate prediction method of aspheric glass molding process","authors":"Lele Yan ,&nbsp;Jiaqing Xie ,&nbsp;Ruqian Sun ,&nbsp;Haiyan Fan ,&nbsp;Wenchao Wei ,&nbsp;Benshuai Ruan ,&nbsp;Fang Gu ,&nbsp;Mingqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Tianfeng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the accelerating iteration speed of smartphones and the continuous development of emerging AR/VR wearable device technologies, the market demand for high-precision aspheric glass lens has surged. Glass molding is considered as the most efficient method for preparing aspheric glass lens, but the deformation mechanism of glass at high temperatures is extremely complex and difficult to accurately predict. If the molding process parameters are set unreasonably, it will cause internal stress fluctuation, lead to form error and fragmentation, reduce the yield of the lens, and even cause mold damage. In this study, the characterization of glass viscoelastic parameters and the friction mechanism at the glass-mold interface were analyzed, and a material parameter inversion optimization method to achieve accurate prediction and process optimization of aspheric glass lens molding was proposed. The uniaxial compression creep tests (CCT) were carried out and a viscoelastic fitting algorithm was proposed to obtain the viscoelastic parameters of the glass. Uniaxial compression creep simulation based on these parameters verified the accuracy of the fitting algorithm. The glass-mold interface friction coefficient tests were carried out, and the glass-mold interface friction mechanism was proposed. The aspheric glass molding simulations and experiments were conducted and the reasons for the significant deviation in the deformation curve were analyzed. A material parameter inversion optimization strategy based on aspheric glass molding experimental data was proposed, and the simulation curves of the optimized model matched the experimental data significantly better, with the sum of squared errors (SSE) lower than 0.2. The aspheric glass molding experiments were conducted using the optimized process parameters, and the form errors of the aspheric glass lens were within the design specifications. The result indicated that the optimization method can significantly improve the accuracy of molding prediction and product yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 68-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dynamic position and orientation deviation computational framework for adhesive-bonded assemblies under time-dependent thermal and mechanical loads","authors":"Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Fuli Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiumin Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongda Shen ,&nbsp;Huanxiong Xia ,&nbsp;Jianhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stability of assembly accuracy stands as a pivotal objective in precision mechanical product design. However, existing approaches for assembly accuracy prediction have predominantly focused on static Position and Orientation Deviations(PODs) induced by positioning non-ideal surfaces. In reality, such deviations dynamically evolve during the adhesive fastening, particularly through time-dependent thermal and mechanical loads. These dynamic alterations critically govern the stability of product accuracy. Therefore, this paper establishes a computational framework for dynamic PODs. The PODs in the positioning stage are identified employing a multi-objective search approach rooted in force equilibrium constraints; the time-dependent geometric variations in adhesives are then determined by a thermal-curing-mechanical coupled Finite Element Method simulation; and the evolution of PODs is quantified by fitting on the non-ideal mating surface poses observed throughout the time-varying process using the Least Squares Method. The case study on a typical coaxial assembly demonstrated that dynamic spatial geometric variations in adhesive have a significant impact on mechanical accuracy and stability. It also confirmed that the proposed framework is capable of providing valuable insights for accurately understanding the stability of mechanical precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 80-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescence based scanless areal surface texture measurement technique using lubricating oil with in-situ calibration","authors":"Saeko Fujii,&nbsp;Shuzo Masui,&nbsp;Masaki Michihata,&nbsp;Satoru Takahashi","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We proposed a new scanless areal surface texture measurement method suitable for in-process/in-situ application, utilizing fluorescence emitted from a lubricating oil film applied to a machined surface. By placing a reference surface on the oil-coated surface, surface height information can be converted from the measured fluorescence intensity, enabling scanless measurement. An in-situ calibration method was also developed, using a known reference step height to relate fluorescence intensity to oil film thickness. The measurement system employs a commonly used optical microscope with Köhler illumination and an imaging optical system. The proposed method shows that a linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and oil film thickness was maintained for oil film thicknesses ranging from 50 to 120 μm, and demonstrated high reproducibility of surface texture measurement within ±5 %. Comparative measurements were conducted between the proposed method and a white light interferometer for grinding and EDM surfaces with different roughness levels in the sub-micrometer to several-micrometer range. The results showed good agreement, with differences in surface roughness (Sa) within 25 % and in auto-correlation length (Sal) within 20 %. Furthermore, the surface profiles at identical measurement locations also exhibited good consistency. These results suggest that the fluorescence-based, scanless surface texture measurement method is a promising approach for in-process/in-situ application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 109-117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental research on the performance of micro-textured CVD diamond-coated abrasive tools in longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic grinding of die steel","authors":"Zhiqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Daohui Xiang,&nbsp;Chaosheng Song,&nbsp;Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Shuaikun Yang,&nbsp;Junjin Ma,&nbsp;Guofu Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precision grinding employs the micro-cutting action of abrasive micro-edges to achieve high accuracy and low roughness in machined surfaces. However, the extremely high hardness and wear resistance of diamond abrasive grains present a significant challenge in generating micro-cutting edges on the surface through grinding wheel dressing. Therefore, diamond abrasive tools with micro-edges were prepared by the hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method in this paper. Firstly, the cemented carbide was pretreated, that is, Square and concentric circles micro-textures were prepared on the surface of the cemented carbide by laser technology. Secondly, the concentric circle groove micro-texture boron-doped micro-nano (CCGMT-BDMN) and square groove micro-textured boron-doped micro-nano (SGMT-BDMN) diamond abrasive tools were prepared by HFCVD. The surface morphology, quality and adhesion strength of the textured diamond films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and Rockwell hardness tester. Results indicate incomplete filling of the groove textures with diamond particles, leading to sloping sidewalls at the texture edges. The coating exhibited significant residual stress, which diminished away from the texture edge. Micro-texturing with square grooves enhanced outer edge diamond quality and bond strength, resulting in superior adhesion of SGMT-BDMN abrasive tools. Longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding (LTUVAG) was evaluated to mitigate diffusion wear between diamond and die steel. Compared to conventional grinding (CG), LTUVAG achieves circumferential intermittent cutting, which reduces grinding forces, suppresses carbon atom diffusion wear on the abrasive tool surface, significantly minimizes adhesive wear, and extends the service life of diamond abrasive tools. Furthermore, the impact of various processing parameters on surface quality was examined. Within specific ranges, enhancing ultrasonic amplitude and grinding speed, while reducing feed speed, positively influences surface quality improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 52-67"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on grinding contact theory of axisymmetric aspheric optical elements","authors":"Wenzhang Yang ,&nbsp;Bing Chen ,&nbsp;Bing Guo ,&nbsp;Qingliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Juchuan Dai ,&nbsp;Guangye Qing","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aspherical optical components are critical in precision optical systems (e.g., aerospace, medical, astronomy) for superior aberration correction and imaging performance. Fabricated from hard, brittle materials like ceramics and silicon, these components offer exceptional hardness, thermal stability, and wear resistance. Current machining methods—molding, diamond turning, grinding-polishing, and ultra-precision grinding—face challenges due to material brittleness and hardness. Ultra-precision grinding emerges as an effective approach for shaping aspherical optics, necessitating fundamental insights into grinding contact theory to optimize material removal and precision. This paper systematically reviews aspherical grinding techniques and their characteristics, followed by an in-depth analysis of contact theory advancements, including contact arc length, maximum undeformed chip thickness, and residual height in hard-brittle material grinding. Finally, it summarizes current research limitations and proposes future directions for advancing precision grinding theory, aiming to enhance the fabrication of high-performance aspherical optical components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 24-51"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid reluctance actuator topology for enhanced linearity and high torque in fast steering mirrors","authors":"Alexander Pechhacker,&nbsp;Christoph Palka,&nbsp;Ernst Csencsics,&nbsp;Georg Schitter","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a topology for tilting hybrid reluctance actuators (HRAs) that improves linearity while maintaining high torque output. The primary source of non-linear behavior is identified, and design requirements for the new actuator topology are established using a magnetic equivalent circuit model. Finite element method simulations demonstrate that the proposed design achieves greater linearity and a higher torque to current ratio compared to state of the art actuators. For validation, a fast steering mirror, actuated by the proposed HRA topology, with a <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span>1° range is designed and implemented. Experimental results confirm a threefold reduction in the variation of the torque to current ratio and stiffness, along with a 76% increase in the torque to current ratio compared to the state of the art HRAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization design of flexspline structure based on NSGA II for harmonic drive","authors":"Ruixing Li ,&nbsp;Guangwu Zhou ,&nbsp;Junyang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precisioneng.2025.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For harmonic reducer single performance optimization, it will sacrifice other performance. The adverse effect on other properties is difficult to estimate. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for harmonic reducer performance optimization. Considering the transmission efficiency, stiffness and stress in thin-walled cylinder, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II is used to solve the Pareto-optimal front. The thickness of the flexspline meshing point, the width of gear, the thickness and length of the flexspline are used as variables. Within the room temperature, rated load and speed, the transmission efficiency, stiffness and stress are used as objective functions. In order to keep the assembly dimensions unchanged, the dimension of the circular spline does not change. The optimal combination of structure parameters is explored at different weights. Under different weights, the efficiency can be improved by 18.047 %, or the stiffness can be improved by 23.778 %, or the stress can be reduced by 10.682 %. The thickness and length of flexspline are not significantly connected to the magnitude of the load. The length and the width are more affected by the load. Different working conditions have different requirements on the performance. The research can provide different design solutions for the optimization of harmonic drive under different working conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54589,"journal":{"name":"Precision Engineering-Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}