Traffic Injury Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Mirror-based perception: are male drivers accurately estimating the distance and speed of motorized two-wheelers?","authors":"Anik Barat, Sanhita Das","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2494737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2494737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Improving safety during interactions between motorized two-wheelers (MTWs) and cars is one of the critical aspects for enhancing the road traffic environment. As reported, the most frequent MTW crashes occur when cars pull out in front of an oncoming MTW, often due to conspicuity issues and driver perception errors. While existing studies have focused on perceptual error estimation from pedestrians' and drivers' perspective using static visual images and short video clips, the current instrumented vehicle-based study attempts to examine drivers' perceptions in estimating distance (<i>Experiment 1</i>) and speed (<i>Experiment 2</i>) of an approaching MTW while checking side- view mirrors in dynamic traffic environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 28 licensed professional car drivers of varying ages were considered for this study. For data collection a camera was mounted on the MTW; and two cameras, a VBOX data logger with GPS, were installed in the car. The glance duration data were collected using driver-facing camera. Additionally, non-parametric test methods were adopted to analyze the mirror effect on drivers' perception.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the study indicate that drivers generally tend to overestimate distances while underestimating speeds of motorcycles. Both the distance and speed estimation accuracy decrease with increasing driving speed as well as the longitudinal gap between the vehicles. The perception errors are observed to be more significantly noticeable at higher speeds exceeding 40 kmph or when the MTW is in the farthest distance category. Interestingly, our study also indicates that shorter mirror glance duration may contribute to these higher perception errors. The results were consistent for both the side-view mirrors, although the errors were more pronounced in the passenger's side mirror, highlighting the possible impact of longer eye-to-mirror distance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to perception errors, MTW riders often think that they had ample time and space for maneuvers, leading to risky decision-making and increasing potential collisions. Our findings emphasize the effect of mirror usage in decision-making tasks while driving, underscoring the necessity for enhanced driver training programs and redesigned mirror curvature to make a safer road environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the stability and reasonable radial values of small passenger cars driving on circular curve sections of highways under the action of wind-sand flows.","authors":"Xingli Jia, Dang Zhang, Lintao Dong, Yujia Fu, Jukai Sun","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2487633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2487633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study is to model and derive the critical force formula, investigate the influence of wind and sand flow on the stability of small passenger cars, and calculate the critical radius of circular curves.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To determine the aerodynamic coefficients of small cars, SpaceClaim was used for modeling, Fluent was used to simulate fluid dynamics, and empirical tests were conducted to measure the friction coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Different wind and sand currents and asphalt road surfaces have different effects on the driving stability of small passenger cars. The higher the wind speed and the lower the friction force on the asphalt road surface, the weaker the driving stability of the car. On the contrary, the stronger the driving stability of the car.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study integrates theory, simulation, and experimental results to calculate the minimum circular curve radius required for anti-skid of small passenger vehicles, and compares it with standards to develop safety recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on drivers' color preference for alert zones in extra long tunnels and its effect on fatigue relief.","authors":"Yang Guan, Qixuan Ren, Yangxiaoxiao Zhou, Bo Zhou, Tian Liu, Li Peng","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2493314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2493314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To address driver fatigue caused by the monotonous visual environment in long tunnels in mountainous areas, this study aims to investigate the effect of tunnel alert segment lighting (red, blue, yellow, and white) on alleviating driver physiological fatigue and enhancing alertness and provide theoretical and empirical evidence for the optimal design of tunnel lighting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A driving simulation test was conducted to simulate a long tunnel environment. Four background luminous colors (red, blue, yellow, and white) were tested. Drivers' physiological indicators (HRV) and Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) were recorded. The HRV indicators changes under each lighting condition were analyzed using the non-parametric Wilcoxon test to quantitatively assess the effects of the lighting colors on physiological fatigue reduction and alertness enhancement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The driving simulation test revealed that blue background light significantly enhanced driver alertness, followed by red and yellow background lights, which showed the second most pronounced effects. In contrast, white background light did not significantly improve fatigue indicators. The highest levels of fatigue were observed in the non-alert zone of the tunnel, highlighting the necessity for background color interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Blue background light proved to be the most effective in alleviating driver fatigue in the alert zones of long tunnels. Therefore, it is recommended that blue background light be prioritized in tunnel safety lighting design. The study provides scientific evidence for optimizing human factors in tunnel lighting environments. Future research should verify the long-term effectiveness of these interventions in real-world road conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real life motorcycle crashes into road barriers - does motorcyclists' injury severity vary between different types of barriers and the presence of motorcycle protection systems?","authors":"Maria C Rizzi, Johan Strandroth","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2489640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2489640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper set out to investigate and compare injury outcomes among motorcyclists injured in crashes into different types of road barriers, and if Motorcycle Protection Systems (MPS) installed on barriers result in any injury mitigation in real-life conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Information on motorcyclist crashes involving roadside barriers was accessed from two different databases, the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition, a national information system containing data on traffic accidents and injuries occurring in the Swedish road transport system, and the Transport Accident Commission injury database in Victoria, Australia. Barrier types and the presence of MPS were determined by using photographs of the reported crash site available in the Google Maps Street view feature. Injury outcome was compared using three different injury severity metrics, Fatal and Serious Injury ratios (FSI-ratio), Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) and mean Risk of Permanent Medical Impairment (RPMI) of at least 1% (mRPMI 1%+) and at least 10% (mRPMI 10%+).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed between different types of barriers, for any of the injury metrics. In Sweden, FSI ratios varied between 49-60% in speed limits ≥70 km/h. In Victoria the number of minor injuries was underreported, resulting in higher FSI ratio varying between 73-89% in speed limits ≥80 km/h. The analysis of MPS showed that there was a significant difference in the fatality risk where significantly fewer motorcyclists were fatally injured in a crash involving a barrier with MPS compared to a barrier without MPS. This difference was observed in curves on roads with a speed limit ≥70 km/h.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The risk of fatal or serious injury is generally higher for crashes involving road barriers, compared to all crash types. No significant difference in injury outcome was observed between different types of barriers at speed limits ≥70 km/h. In curves on roads with a speed limit ≥70 km/h, MPS results in a significantly lower risk of fatality, compared to a barrier without MPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do macroscopic traffic flow parameters affect time spent in conflict on freeways? A comprehensive analysis using hazard-based duration models.","authors":"Ran Zhang, Jing Cai, Fengxiang Guo, Gen Li, Feiyu Hu, Yujie Wang","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2489642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2489642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Time spent in conflict (TSC) represents the total duration experienced by all vehicles involved in conflicts, serving as an important parameter in freeway safety assessment. Accurately analyzing the relationship between macroscopic traffic flow parameters and TSC is key to achieving effective safety assessment. This study aims to model TSC, accounting for data censoring and heterogeneity, and examine how macroscopic traffic flow parameters influence TSC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hazard-based duration models, including the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) model and the random effect Accelerated Failure Time (REAFT) model, were proposed to fit TSC. The K-M model analyzes the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of TSC, while the REAFT model is employed to fit the TSC distribution and to determine how macroscopic traffic flow parameters and their interactions impact TSC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The K-M model results indicate that TSC exhibits temporal heterogeneity on months. The random effect Weibull AFT model is identified as the best fit for TSC, showing that the probability of traffic conflicts ending increases with longer TSC. Furthermore, this model quantifies the impact of macroscopic traffic flow parameters on TSC. Among these, density has the greatest influence on TSC, with an effect magnitude of 24.73%, while flow has a relatively minor impact, with an effect magnitude of only -0.6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study accounts for the censoring and heterogeneity of TSC and reveals how macroscopic traffic flow parameters influence TSC, providing a theoretical foundation for freeway safety assessments. Furthermore, the findings support the development of advanced freeway safety assessment systems, enabling accurate crash risk predictions based on macroscopic traffic flow parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual effects of landscape decoration in the middle section of extra-long tunnel based on driving visual characteristics.","authors":"Shuangkai Zhu, Bo Liang, Zhiting Li, Shiyi Zhu","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2486584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2486584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To enhance driving safety and improve driving environment, an increasing number of extra-long tunnels incorporate natural landscape decorations in their middle sections. The influence of such decorations on the allocation of drivers' attention resources remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the visual effects of landscape decorations in the middle section of an extra-long tunnel.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study developed nine different landscape decoration scenarios based on a driving simulator. Eighteen male and twelve female drivers with at least three years of driving experience were recruited for the experiment. Each participant completed driving tasks under the nine landscape decoration scenarios, resulting in a total of 270 experimental trials (30 participants × 9 trials). To accurately capture the fixation shift characteristics of the drivers, the driver's visual field was divided into six fixation areas using the mechanical partitioning method. The Markov chain model was then employed to predict the transition probabilities of fixation points and attention distribution characteristics, allowing for a comparison of the effects of different landscape decoration scenarios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the nine landscape decoration scenarios, the combination of ocean-themed sidewalls and gray road surface demonstrated the best performance, with drivers paying the least attention to the tunnel sidewalls. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in the drivers' visual attention across different areas of interest. Under the same scenario, the drivers' attention distribution across areas of interest (AOIs) was ranked from highest to lowest as follows: B (central close-range road surface) > A (central far-range field of view) > D1 (left sidewall) > D2 (right sidewall) > E (ceiling) > C (driver's cabin).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Markov chain model proposed in this study effectively explored the impact of landscape decoration within long tunnels on drivers' attention resource allocation. The findings highlighted the importance of considering the interaction of multiple landscape decoration factors when designing tunnel landscape sections. Specifically, the results demonstrated that a well-designed tunnel landscape decoration does not lead to excessive distraction of driver's attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inspiration in human reasoning logic: Automating the inference and analysis of traffic accident information via macro-micro integration.","authors":"Jiming Xie, Yan Zhang, Ke Li, Bijun Wang, Yaqin Qin, Guangquan Lu, Yulan Xia","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2486572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2486572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Automated information parsing is crucial for analyzing the causes, responsibilities, and severity levels of traffic accidents from accident reports. The high costs of information annotation in existing studies and the limitations of traditional methods in handling texts with complex grammatical structures present significant challenges. Additionally, the cognitive reasoning and information transformation processes involved can be cumbersome. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel approach that enhances automation efficiency, ensures reasoning accuracy, and aligns with human logic in the automated analysis of traffic accident information.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inspired by human reasoning logic (macroscopic grasp and microscopic depth), natural language processing (NLP) technology combined with highly comprehensible large language models (LLMs) has been utilized. Specifically, a dual-model collaborative system for automated traffic accident report processing is introduced by integrating topic identification through Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA; Model 1 for a macroscopic analysis) and contextual understanding via fine-tuning bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT; Model 2 for microscopic reasoning). The former is employed for accident causation analysis, while the latter is used for deducing accident severity. The system, LDA-Fine-tuning BERT Human Reasoning Synergy-of-Thoughts (LFBERT-ReasonSoT), is designed to extract information aligned with human reasoning logic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In contrast to other classic models (Naïve Bayes, RUSBoost, Tree and Width Human-like Neural Network (WNN)), the LFBERT-ReasonSoT model exhibited superior performance. Specifically, it maintained an accuracy of 87.34% and achieved a positive predictive value of 87.81%, outperforming the Naïve Bayes, RUSBoost, Tree and WNN models across metrics, such as ACC, ER, TPR, TNR, PPV, FPR, F1, MCC, and KAP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It aims to extract structured and inferable data from high-dimensional, large-sample, and unstructured complex accident text data, including temporal, geographical, positional, weather, and road condition features. It then identifies keywords, reasoning logic, and semantic relationships, enabling effective contextual analysis. This not only aids in determining accident causes and responsibilities but also accurately assesses accident severity. The findings of this study hold significant importance for the automated processing and conversion of text data, particularly in the context of highly complex and variable accident text data.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring contributing factors in single-vehicle truck crashes on rural roads: Accounting for unobserved heterogeneity and role of solar glare.","authors":"Muhammad Faisal Habib, Diomo Motuba, Ying Huang, Armstrong Aboah","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2478156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2478156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the factors that influence single-vehicle large truck crashes on rural roadways using Highway Safety Information System data from the state of Washington from 2014 to 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a random parameter multinomial logit model with heterogeneity in means and variances to identify significant random parameters, interactions, and factors exhibiting heterogeneity in means. Additionally, a comprehensive process was used to determine which crashes were impacted by solar glare.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two parameters, including driver age over 50 and the absence of airbags in vehicles, were found to be significant random parameters. Results revealed that solar glare effects notably influenced possible injury and nondisabling injuries in single-vehicle truck accidents. Further, factors like collector roads, curved segments, lack of access control, driving without safety restraints, operating defective vehicles, skidding, overturning, and the second quarter of the year increase the likelihood of disabling/fatal injury. The study's insights enrich the limited literature on single-vehicle large truck crashes on rural roads, enabling policymakers and transportation and logistics agencies to take appropriate safety measures in these areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research is crucial for promoting sustainable transportation by addressing the safety challenges associated with large truck operations on rural roads. It can help prevent traffic injuries and improve overall road safety. Enhancing safety can reduce crash-related delays, economic losses, and environmental impacts caused by traffic congestion and vehicle emissions. Recommendations are suggested, including the use of transverse rumble strips and prior signboards to enhance driver alertness and combat driver drowsiness. Additionally, the use of metalized windshields in vehicles to mitigate glare-induced blindness can further improve safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust crash modification factor estimation with case-control method.","authors":"Khashayar Khavarian, Sina Sahebi","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2484654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2484654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Quantitative accident analysis methods are being used alongside qualitative ones to enhance transportation safety. One key measure to assess safety improvement actions is the Crash Modification Factor (CMF). CMFs are estimated using various methods, including case-control. This method defines two groups from data: the case group, which includes instances of crashes, and the control group, which includes instances without any reported crashes. In the case-control method, a sample is drawn from the control group to match the number of observations within the case. Consequently, the estimates from the case-control method are based on a single estimation of the logit binary model and do not utilize all the available data. To address this limitation, this research's main objective is to add robustness to estimated CMF by resampling from the control group and comparing the results with the standard, simpler methods. Additionally, we will evaluate the impact of U-turns on road safety, considering their placement and geometric characteristics.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this research, factors other than the presence of a U-turn are referred to as intervening factors, as we aim to estimate the CMF of midsection U-turn elimination. We resampled from the control group for one thousand iterations, creating a distribution for the CMF and providing a robust estimate. Some intervening factors, such as traffic volume, are continuous; therefore, we used two different discretization methods in addition to keeping traffic volume as a continuous variable in the descriptive model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We show that the CMF distribution is skewed and has a wide range, which makes it inaccurate to use a single value in safety analysis instead of considering the entire distribution. Furthermore, we verify the effect of stratifying algorithms based on statistical inference of robust CMFs. We also show that CMF values derived from different sets of intervening variables result in statistically significant differences, with more than half of comparison pairs showing significantly variation. The results also show that different stratification methods lead to significantly different robust CMF values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The robust case-control, i.e. the method used in this research, is recommended for use by safety analysts. Generating a distribution of CMF values allows for a statistical comparison of obtained CMF values with the value of one, thereby indicating whether a safety action is ineffective.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value of a statistical life in the context of road safety: a new value transfer approach.","authors":"Wim Wijnen, Said Dahdah, Nino Pkhikidze","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2476607","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2476607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The value of a statistical life (VSL) is a key input for cost-benefit analysis (CBA) in the context of road safety and for calculations of the socio-economic costs of road crashes. However, many countries, especially low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), lack country-specific VSL estimates. To address this, value transfer is often used, where VSL estimates from other countries are adapted to local situations to estimate the VSL in the countries with no VSL estimates. This paper presents new guidance for VSL value transfer in the context of road safety.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A unit value transfer approach is applied, which implies that a base VSL is determined and used to estimate the VSL in other countries. We collected VSL estimates from 32 countries worldwide to determine base VSLs for both high-income countries (HIC) and LMIC. According to the literature, the VSL is strongly correlated with income per capita. Therefore, income elasticities from the literature are applied to account for the impact of per capita income on the VSL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resulting VSL transfer functions are VSL = 0.404*(Y/5,726)^1.2 for LMIC and VSL = 3.206*(Y/42,087)^0.8 for HIC, where VSL is the VSL in million USD and Y is the Gross National Income per capita (USD, 2020 prices). The VSL ranges from approximately 22,000 USD to 1.1 million USD in LMIC and from 1.2 million USD to 4.8 million USD in HIC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We recommend applying this VSL transfer approach for cost-benefit analysis and road crash costing in countries lacking appropriate country-specific VSL. Moreover, this study highlights that, despite the growing interest in LMIC in research on VSL, the number of studies in these countries is still limited, emphasizing the need for more VSL studies. Finally, developing transfer functions for non-fatal injuries is recommended, which is an essential input for CBA as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}