Traffic Injury Prevention最新文献

{"title":"The comparison of STOP-BANG and no-apnea questionnaires in screening obstructive sleep apnea among commercial drivers.","authors":"Seyyed Ahmad Pour Hoseini Anari, Maryam Saraei, Samaneh Akbarpour, Moein Ala, Yousef Mokary, Atefeh Behkar, Arezu Najafi","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2422447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2024.2422447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>No-apnea questionnaire (NAQ) and STOP-BANG questionnaire (SBQ) are widely used for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening. This investigation aimed to compare the SBQ with the NAQ as an OSA screening tool among commercial drivers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included eligible commercial drivers who came to the Occupational Health clinic between March 2018 and March 2019. Participants filled out the SBQ, NAQ, and ESS questionnaires. The SBQ scores eight factors to assess OSA risk, with a score of ≥3 indicating high risk. The NAQ scores age and neck circumference for OSA risk, with ≥3 indicating significant risk. The ESS measures daytime sleepiness, with a score of ≥10 indicating excessive sleepiness as the most common symptom of OSA. The patients' scores were evaluated based on the set criteria. A McNemar test was used to determine the differences between SBQ and NAQ. The number of at-risk patients was measured for each screening test, and the correlation between the two screening methods was evaluated by measuring Cohen's kappa coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total number of 581 commercial drivers, with a mean age of 44.39 ± 9.16 years, participated. The mean SBQ score was 1.82 ± 0.78, with 17.7% of participants being at high risk of OSA. The mean NAQ score was 3.48 ± 1.94, with 65.7% of participants being at high risk of OSA. About 48.6% of commercial drivers were at high risk, according to the NAQ but not SBQ. In contrast, 0.5% of participants were at high risk, according to SBQ, but not NAQ. Regarding ESS scores, among those identified as high risk for OSA by the SBQ, 13.6% exhibited an ESS score greater than 10. Similarly, within the high-risk group identified by the NAQ, this proportion was 14.1%. Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.17, which is considerably low. A McNemar test also indicated that the SBQ and the NAQ didn't have equivalent diagnostic outcomes (P-value < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The NAQ identified more professional drivers at risk for OSA compared to the SBQ, suggesting that objective-based questionnaires may be more effective for screening in safety-sensitive jobs like commercial driving. However, further validation with polysomnography and cost-benefit considerations are needed to determine the most efficient and sustainable screening approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of traffic accident risk based on vehicle trajectory data.","authors":"Hao Li, Lina Yu","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2402936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2024.2402936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to conduct precise risk prediction of traffic accidents using vehicle trajectory data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For urban road and highway scenarios, a scheme was developed to gather vehicle kinematic data and driving operation records from an in-vehicle device. The raw trajectory samples of over 3000 vehicles were processed through cleaning, filtering, interpolation, and normalization for preprocessing. Three deep learning frameworks based on RNN, CNN, and LSTM were compared. An end-to-end LSTM accident risk prediction model was constructed, and the model was trained using the cross-entropy loss function with Adam optimizer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LSTM model is capable of directly extracting accident-related hazardous state features from low-quality raw trajectory data, thereby enabling the prediction of accident probability with fine-grained time resolution. In tests conducted under complex traffic scenarios, the model successfully identifies high-risk driving behaviors in high-speed road sections and intersections with a prediction accuracy of 0.89, demonstrating strong generalization performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The LSTM accident risk prediction model, based on vehicle trajectory, developed in this study, is capable of intelligently extracting dangerous driving features. It can accurately warn about the risk of traffic accidents and provides a novel approach to enhancing road safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rear passenger restraint in frontal NCAP tests compared to the right-front passenger.","authors":"David C Viano","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2419775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2024.2419775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study compared kinematic and biomechanic responses of the 5^th female Hybrid III in the right-rear and right-front passenger seats in frontal NCAP tests with 2015-16 MY vehicles. It focused on the lap-shoulder belt restraint of the rear passenger.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven frontal NCAP tests were conducted by NHTSA at 56 km/h with a lap-shoulder belted 5^th Hybrid III dummy in the right-rear and right-front seats. The right-front passenger had pretensioning and load limiting belts and advanced airbags with inflatable knee bolster. The rear passenger had seatbelts without pretensioning or load limiting. The kinematic and biomechanical responses of the 5^th Hybrid III dummy in the rear and front were analyzed. The tests included onboard video cameras covering the rear and front passenger. Lap and shoulder belt loads were measured. The responses were compared for the two seating positions and restraint systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only one of 11 vehicles had favorable restraint of the right-rear passenger. All vehicles passed criteria for the right-front passenger. The right-rear passenger HIC₁₅ was 888 ± 314 (779 IARV) significantly higher than 242 ± 72 in the right-front passenger (<i>t</i> = 6.36, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The right rear Nij was 1.16 ± 0.19 (1.00 IARV) significantly higher than 0.46 ± 0.11 in the right-front (<i>t</i> = 9.18, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and the rear chest deflection was 46.1 ± 9.8 mm (42 mm IARV) significantly higher than 20.8 ± 5.6 mm in the right-front (<i>t</i> = 7.12, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The shoulder belt load was 8,771 ± 2,088 N on the right-rear passenger significantly higher than 3,564 ± 911 N on the right-front (<i>t</i> = 7.28, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Three of the 11 crash tests involved submarining by the right-rear passenger at 76.0 ± 7.2 ms. Two tests with submarining involved the seatbelt buckle lifting by shoulder belt load pulling the lap belt onto the abdomen. One test involved compressing the front of the seat cushion with the H-point dropping, the pelvis rotating rearward and the lap belt sliding onto the abdomen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Restraining loads on the rear passenger were significantly higher than on the right-front passenger in 2015-16 MY vehicle NCAP tests. The HIC₁₅ was 3.7-times higher in the rear passenger than the front. The Nij was 2.5-times higher and chest deflection was 2.2-times higher. The dummy responses were significantly higher in the rear seat compared to the front seat because of greater restraining loads, submarining and a hardware failure in NCAP tests. The lack of pretensioning, load limiting and airbags involved higher injury risks in the rear passenger compared to the right-front passenger.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142683579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol perceptions and driving decisions among adolescents: Exploring the role of peer and parental influences in Virginia.","authors":"Asmaa Namoos, Nicholas Thomson, Sarah Bradley, Jerry Van Harris, Michel Aboutanos","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2417343","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2417343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to explore the role of peer and parental influences on adolescent driving behaviors, particularly concerning distracted and alcohol-impaired driving, in light of the significant number of road accidents and fatalities involving young drivers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the IMPACT program. Adolescents aged 14 to 19 in the Richmond area were recruited from local high schools through convenience sampling. Parental consent was obtained via media release forms provided by Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), with students having the option to opt out of participation. Self-report surveys were administered during IMPACT program events and captured via REDCap. The surveys included demographic information, driving history, driving behaviors, alcohol attitudes, drinking and driving behaviors, and a driving knowledge section.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 15.230 years (SD = 1.545). Gender distribution was as follows: Female 53.1% and male 42.1%. Racial distribution included White/Caucasian (48.9%), Black/African American (22.4%), and multiple races (8.8%). Peer influence on drinking and driving was significant (<i>P</i> = .038). Driving under the influence was associated with both parental and peer influence (<i>P</i> < .050). A positive correlation was found between peer digital distraction and car crashes (coefficient = 0.038, <i>P</i> = .038). Additionally, parental alcohol-impaired driving was linked to decreased positive attitudes among adolescents toward driving under the influence (coefficient = -0.024, <i>P</i> = .000). Though parent distracted driving positively influenced adolescent driving behavior, this effect was not statistically significant (coefficient = 0.008, <i>P</i> = .320).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate a significant reduction in risky behaviors such as drinking and driving and an increase in seat belt use among adolescents. There is heightened awareness regarding the dangers of texting and driving. A multifaceted approach was effective in improving attitudes and practices related to driving safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dual-message tactile sliding takeover requests on takeover performance in an automated driving system.","authors":"Zihao Qiu, Huiyan Lai, Hangyan Wu, Meina Wang, Xinkui Hu, Hongyan Liu, Shu Ma, Zhiguo Hu","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2409980","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2409980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to explore the effects of various tactile takeover requests (TORs) (i.e., tactile sliding TOR and traditional vibration TOR) on the takeover performance in an automated driving system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A tactile sliding motor device was developed to signal the sliding TOR on the seatback of a driving simulator. Twenty-five young drivers were recruited as participants. Four types of TOR patterns were adopted in the study: ipsilateral motor rotation (IR), contralateral motor rotation (CR), ipsilateral and contralateral motor rotation (ICR), and ipsilateral motor vibration (IV). The participants were required to sit on the seat and underwent the automated driving in a low- or high-complexity scenario, then one of the four types of TORs was triggered randomly. The participants were asked to make a lane change using the steering wheel as soon as possible. Objective measures and subjective evaluations were used to assess the takeover performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that the participants exhibited a shorter steering response time and lane change time under the three tactile sliding TORs (compared to the traditional vibration TOR). In the high-complexity scenarios and low-complexity scenarios conditions, different result patterns appeared regarding the maximum lateral acceleration and situational awareness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggested that the tactile sliding motor is a promising way to signal a TOR in an automated driving system.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating risks, monitoring cannabis use, and planning to get home safely: Exploring self-regulation processes associated with cannabis use and driving.","authors":"Paweena Sukhawathanakul, Jie Li, Alejandra Contreras, Otis Geddes, Myles Maillet","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2413442","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2413442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Preventing Cannabis-impaired driving involves understanding how users assess risk, monitor their use, and plan to get home safely. While extant research has shown substantial heterogeneity in patterns of cannabis use among different user groups, far less research has examined self-regulation among users. The current study aims to identify sub-groups of individuals who used or have used cannabis based on how they perceive risks, monitor their impairment, and plan to avoid driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) to examine how the different profiles relate to DUIC outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were a Canadian sub-sample in the province of British Columbia who participated in the 2022 International Cannabis Policy study and reported ever using or currently using cannabis (<i>N</i> = 886, M_age = 43.58, SD_age = 13.67; 63% female). Risk perception, impairment monitoring, planning ability, DUIC-related behaviors, Cannabis use and related problems were assessed through an online self-reported survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Latent profile analysis identified three groups of self-regulators based on their level of risk perception, monitoring, and plan to avoid DUI. The majority (51%) of participants showed moderate self-regulation with average levels of risk perception, monitoring, and planning. A \"highly self-regulated\" group (20%) had the highest risk perception, monitoring, and planning. A \"low self-regulated\" group (29%) had the lowest risk perception, less confidence in monitoring, and lower DUI planning. There were significant differences between the profiles and DUIC outcomes. Cannabis users (including both historical and current users) with high self-regulation were less likely to be passengers of drivers under the influence and more likely to intervene to stop friends from driving while impaired, compared to those with low or moderate self-regulation. However, there were no profile differences in reports of having ever driven under the influence of cannabis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differences in risk perception, monitoring, and planning are associated with self-regulatory abilities. Understanding diverse self-regulation patterns among people who have used cannabis can help identify and mitigate risky behaviors, including DUI.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing motorcyclist safety at unsignalized intersection using automated trajectory data analysis.","authors":"Anamika Yadav, Harpreet Singh, Ankit Kathuria","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2416464","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2416464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In a developing country like India, where the share of motorcyclists is increasing exponentially, their road crashes are also rising at an alarming rate. The majority of these road crashes occur at unsignalized intersections. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the safety of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-arm intersections under a heterogeneous traffic environment using a fully automated trajectory data extraction tool.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study first analyses the most frequent types of interactions that occur between motorcyclists and other road users at unsignalized intersections. Then, the study examines the interactions between motorcyclists and other vehicles by analyzing the speed of both vehicles involved in these interactions. Lastly, the study employs a supervised classification technique, Support Vector Machine (SVM), to categorize these interactions into critical, mild, and safe based on surrogate safety indicators (for the proximity of interaction) and the maximum speed (for the severity of an interaction) at which the vehicles interact.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The results indicate that rear-end conflict was the most frequently observed conflict at the unsignalized intersections. Further, the study emphasizes the crucial role of speed during interactions, particularly at higher speeds, where elevated threshold values of PET and TTC significantly influence the severity of the interaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the research provides an essential insight into motorcyclists' safety in terms of critical conflicts at an unsignalized three-arm intersection. The findings of the research demonstrate the remarkable potential of fully automated trajectory data analysis software in evaluating safety at unsignalized intersections.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach for safety assessment at unsignalized intersections: Integrating spatial metrics into postencroachment time analysis under heterogeneous traffic conditions.","authors":"George Kennedy Lyngdoh, Suprava Jena","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2416485","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2416485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluating the safety risks at unsignalized intersections becomes increasingly complex amid conditions of dense traffic flow, a heterogeneous mix of vehicles, nonadherence to lane demarcations, and reactive driving techniques. Understanding driver behavior under such varying circumstances is crucial for accurately assessing the potential hazards present at these intersections. The study aims to assess the safety of unsignalized intersections by incorporating both spatial and temporal variables under heterogeneous conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study presents a new safety indicator, dynamic postencroachment time (DPET), formulated to encapsulate both the spatial and temporal variables of heterogeneous traffic. Six unsignalized intersections were selected as the study areas in Assam, India, to assess the new indicator for merging and crossing conflicts. A videographic survey of the intersections was done to obtain vehicles' trajectory data and capture their conflict behaviors based on their position, speed, and steering angle. The peak over threshold (POT) approach of extreme value theory (EVT) was used to examine the feasibility of the indicator, and the methodology was validated using 4 years of crash data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The result showed that a common threshold of 0.7 s from the POT approach is sufficient to identify severe conflicts. Furthermore, the threshold level yielded a shape parameter greater than -0.5, affirming that the maximum likelihood estimates retain the standard asymptotic attributes associated with EVT. The DPET approach estimated more crashes than observed fatal crashes, reflecting its ability to capture extreme events at a lower threshold. In comparison, the traditional PET approach estimated fewer crashes due to higher values influenced by evasive actions. Graphical analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between the observed crash data over 4 years and the estimated crashes derived from the EVT models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating spatial variables in PET analysis provides a more robust measure for conflict analysis and assessment of potential traffic conflicts at unsignalized intersections. The subsequent validation of the model with actual crash data highlights its practical applicability in enhancing road safety. The findings from the study provide a promising direction for future research and the potential for widespread implementation in traffic management systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting severity and prognosis of traumatic brain injury among Bangladeshi patients: An institution based cross-sectional study","authors":"Sabrin I. Khan ,&nbsp;Reatul Karim ,&nbsp;Shahriar I. Khan ,&nbsp;Mohiuddin A. K. Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Manik C. Shill ,&nbsp;Faisal M. Pasha ,&nbsp;Md. H. Shohag ,&nbsp;Ferdous Khan ,&nbsp;Md. A. Islam ,&nbsp;Ariful I. Mitul ,&nbsp;Reaz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Md. S. Hossain ,&nbsp;Hasan M. Reza","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2363470","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2363470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) proves to be an obstacle for Bangladeshi patients due to the lack of facilities and specialist doctors in regional sections of the country. This study aimed to record different attributes of Bangladeshi TBI patients over a year i.e., their injury characteristics, treatments received and understand their impacts on the severity of TBI.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was carried out among 280 TBI patients treated in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka. The physicians determined TBI's severity and prognosis as per the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most TBI patients were male (76.1%) and aged between 18 and 50 years (52.2%), as in previous studies in South Asian countries. However, the prevalence of TBI due to road traffic accidents (RTAs) was much higher (67.9%) than in the earlier studies in South Asia. Additionally, more patients suffered from severe TBI (29.3%) and moderate TBI (35.7%), and a higher percentage of patients went through surgery (56.8%) compared to previous studies. A significant association of demographic (residence) and clinical characteristics (consciousness after injury, CT scan findings and treatment type) with the severity of TBI was found in bivariate analysis. It also revealed the significant dependence of clinical characteristics (TBI etiology, post-injury consciousness, treatment type and TBI severity) on TBI prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were unconscious after TBI and with evident brain injury observed in CT scans have a substantially higher risk of having moderate or severe TBI than mild TBI. Moreover, patients with TBI due to RTAs or falls, evident brain injury in CT scans, post-surgical seizure, and moderate or severe TBI have a significantly higher risk of getting a more unfavorable TBI prognosis than moderate disability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this study, RTAs were found to be the major cause of TBI. Additionally, some variables were identified as possible determinants of TBI severity and prognosis among Bangladeshi patients. The correlation of these variables with TBI should be further studied with the hopes that steps will be taken to reduce TBI incidents and improve its management to reduce the overall burden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"25 8","pages":"Pages 1072-1080"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive evaluation of the frog effect on drivers in mountain highway tunnels – The effect of low-volume intermittent information","authors":"Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Zhigang Du ,&nbsp;Shuang Luo ,&nbsp;Jin Xu","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2375352","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2375352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The driver’s inability to fully absorb and react to operational cues while driving is like boiling a frog in warm water. With intermittent, low-volume information, drivers can underreact by ignoring these minor but continuous changes. This paper aims to provide an opportunity to test the effects of intermittently occurring low-volume information on drivers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A real vehicle test with naturalistic driving was used to collect driving speed data from 40 drivers on a highway tunnel section in Chongqing, China, where nine tunnels are located. Drivers were classified into three categories according to the degree of compliance of their driving speed with the speed limit required by traffic signs, and drivers were analyzed in terms of their sensitivity to traffic signs and their reaction to driving maneuvers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Conservative drivers are the most absorbent of low-volume intermittent information, and the cumulative effect of the frog effect does not exceed 2.00 km; eager drivers tend to ignore this information, and the cumulative effect of the frog effect reaches 2.91 km; and the general type of driver is in the middle of these two types of drivers, and the frog effect gradually penetrates the driving speed in a weakly increasing manner, up to a maximum of 9.8 km.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>At the beginning of a journey, drivers are most sensitive to traffic signs, and low-volume intermittent information can also play a role in guiding driving operations effectively at this time. However, as the driving distance increases, the effect of the frog effect on different types of drivers gradually increases, even exceeding the effect caused by the black-and-white hole effect, especially when driving in tunnel groups. Considering the driving characteristics of different types of drivers to improve the deployment of low-volume intermittent information and reduce the distance of the frog effect can effectively improve driving safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"25 8","pages":"Pages 1062-1071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141876681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}