Traffic Injury Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Quantifying perceived risk in driving: A Monte Carlo approach for obstacle avoidance","authors":"Zhen Yang ,&nbsp;Zhe Gong ,&nbsp;Yimei Qin ,&nbsp;Ruiping Zheng","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2405647","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2405647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to develop a model for quantifying perceived risk in obstacle avoidance, emphasizing how drivers’ perceived risk characteristics influence their driving decisions. The research addresses the lack of attention given to modeling risk from the perspective of drivers’ risk perceptions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Monte Carlo methods are employed to account for the uncertainties and complexities of driving behavior, restoring the probabilistic nature of risk. The proposed method quantifies perceived risk by incorporating drivers’ fuzzy perceptions, enabling a quantitative evaluation during obstacle avoidance. A logit model is used to link perceived risk with driving decisions, identifying key factors influencing driver behavior in obstacle avoidance scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Experimental data revealed significant variations in vehicle trajectories and speed distributions due to differences in drivers’ experience and proficiency. The perceived risk indicator (PRI) values for leftward bypasses were higher compared to rightward bypasses, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed the PRI’s strong predictive ability with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.820. The logit model showed that both PRI and speed significantly influenced the probability of choosing a rightward bypass, achieving 90% accuracy. Building on the model, the study predicted and visualized the probability of vehicles turning right to avoid obstacles at different positions and speeds within 200 m of the obstacle.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The research offers a framework for traffic professionals to understand driver-perceived risk and decision-making mechanisms. This understanding is beneficial for improving traffic safety and highlights the importance of considering drivers’ risk perceptions in modeling driving behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 291-299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing caregiver attitudes to optimize pediatric vehicular heatstroke campaigns","authors":"Emma B. Sartin ,&nbsp;Elizabeth E. Gay ,&nbsp;Jalaj Maheshwari","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2413142","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2413142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Since 1998; approximately 1,000 US children have died due to pediatric vehicular heatstroke (PVH; i.e., children overheating in vehicles). As the frequency of cases have largely remained unchanged over time, there is a need for novel research that can inform effective PVH prevention efforts, such as awareness campaigns. The objective of this project was to characterize caregivers’ opinions about existing PVH campaigns and thoughts about what future campaigns should look like.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted 4 virtual focus groups (16 participants total). Groups discussed broad childhood injury topics, as well as PVH. Groups also viewed existing communication campaigns for a variety of injury topics and provided their perspectives on what future campaigns focused on PVH should contain. All focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and de-identified. Two independent coders reviewed and coded transcripts, which were developed and applied using a directed-content approach. We then created code summaries, which were used to develop themes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Themes were: (1) PVH differs from other injuries, (2) Campaigns should be short, educational, practical, and include diverse populations/subjects, and (3) Campaigns should be placed where caregivers are with their children. Caregivers acknowledged they were misinformed about their PVH risk; providing them with real-world statistics changed their views about if they should adopt preventative actions. Participants voiced communicating this risk to caregivers with actions they can take to reduce their risk in future campaigns is important to promote widespread adoption of preventative measures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Based on results, we recommend future campaigns consider the IDEA framework when developing novel PVH campaigns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 346-351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversing accidents involving pedestrians: an epidemiological investigation and cluster analysis using a novel database derived from Swedish National Register data","authors":"Khabat Amin ,&nbsp;Finn Nilson ,&nbsp;Carl Bonander ,&nbsp;Anna Carlsson","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2408661","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2408661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>In contemporary urban environments, the intersection between <em>Vulnerable Road Users</em>, specifically unprotected pedestrians, and motor vehicles poses a persistent challenge to road safety. Reversing accidents, characterized by vehicles moving backward, often result in severe consequences for pedestrians due to limited visibility and inherent blind spots for the driver. This paper aims to provide a thorough examination of reversing accidents involving pedestrians in Sweden between 2000–2021; shedding light on the magnitude of the problem, contributing factors, consequences, and potential mitigation strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Using a national database, reversing accidents were compiled by classifying free text descriptions of traffic accidents reported to the <em>Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition</em>. The database was then used to describe reversing accidents and their consequences for struck pedestrians using descriptive epidemiology and cluster analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results show that reversing accidents accounted for 12% of all pedestrians injured in a collision with a motor vehicle in Sweden during the studied period. In terms of personal characteristics, the struck pedestrians were more often female and of old or young age, whilst the drivers of the reversing vehicles were more often between 18–54 years and men. Most accidents were non-fatal, with only roughly 2% resulting in fatalities. Through a cluster analysis, four distinct accident types were identified. Two of these were identified as particularly important to prioritize in future preventative work: accidents that are characterized by occur during daylight hours in the urban environment (often low speeds) and often result in fatality or serious injury.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Due to the low speeds, reversing accidents are rarely fatal. However, they account for a large proportion of accidents with pedestrians and can be grouped into clearly distinguishable accident types that can function as templates in road safety development in Sweden.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 352-359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motorcycle riders and pillion passengers injury patterns and in-hospital outcomes based on the National Trauma Registry of Iran","authors":"Zahra Ramezani ,&nbsp;Vali Baigi ,&nbsp;Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Zafarghandi ,&nbsp;Esmaeil Fakharian ,&nbsp;Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani ,&nbsp;Seyed Houssein Saeed-Banadaky ,&nbsp;Farideh Sadeghian ,&nbsp;Amir Ghadipasha ,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Piri ,&nbsp;Sara Mirzamohamadi ,&nbsp;Khatereh Naghdi ,&nbsp;Payman Salamati","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2407476","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2407476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Road traffic injury (RTI) is the second leading cause of death and disability, and motorcycle crashes rank as the first cause of traffic fatality in Iran. We aimed to compare various characteristics between traumatized motorcycle riders and pillion passengers registered with the National Trauma Registry of Iran (NTRI).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a retrospective study of the NTRI, an ongoing multicenter trauma database built on a registry. This study included injured motorcyclists from six major trauma centers nationwide admitted between February 2017 and November 2023. Motorcyclists should have been hospitalized for RTIs and met the NTRI’s inclusion criteria. We assessed patients regarding their demographics, clinical features, the pattern of injuries, and diverse in-hospital outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 54,342 registered patients in the NTRI, 7,594 motorcyclists were included. Of them, 6,636 (87.4%) were riders, and 958 (12.6%) were pillion passengers. Among all, 7165 (94.5%) were male, and 420 (5.5%) female (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Only 656 (9.9%) of riders and 24 (2.5%) of pillion passengers were wearing helmets (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Lone motorcyclist crashes led to injuries in 1,394 (21.2%) riders and 332 (35.5%) pillion passengers (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 3 to 8 in 204 (3.1%) riders and 16 (1.7%) pillion passengers (<em>p</em> = 0.016). The most frequent pattern of poly-trauma was “head and thorax,” with 43 (32.3%) riders and 5 (25.0%) pillion passengers (<em>p</em> = 0.362). Univariable logistic regression analysis showed that Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (OR = 0.78, CI 95% = 0.62 to 0.97, <em>p</em> = 0.028) and mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.58, CI 95% = 0.39 to 0.84, <em>p</em> = 0.004) were significantly lower in pillion passengers compared to motorcycle riders. After adjustment for age, gender, occupational status, and helmet use, being a rider or a pillion passenger didn’t have a significant association with any of the in-hospital outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Motorcycle riders and pillion passengers sustain the same injuries in terms of pattern, severity, and in-hospital outcomes. Therefore, healthcare providers can approach them similarly. Since there is a high number of underage riders and helmets are not used commonly, there should be more police enforcement in this case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 376-382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of pre-crash avoidance kinematics in pedestrians of different ages through volunteer experiment and scaling methodology","authors":"Siyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Quan Li ,&nbsp;Huamu Sun ,&nbsp;Qing Zhou ,&nbsp;Bingbing Nie","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2408402","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2408402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Understanding pedestrians’ pre-crash avoidance kinematics is crucial for improving the identification of potential collision areas in interactions with highly automated vehicles (HAVs). Age significantly influences pedestrian avoidance velocity and the subsequent crash risks. However, current active safety systems in HAVs often overlook the influence of pedestrians’ avoidance velocity and age on imminent accidents. This study analyzes how age affects pedestrian avoidance velocity and explores the incorporation of these factors in pre-crash scenarios to identify potential collision areas between pedestrians and vehicles.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Due to the infeasibility of measuring pedestrian avoidance behaviors in real-world pre-crash scenarios, we designed an indoor experimental platform replicating emergency crossroad scenarios to prompt subjects to mimic avoidance behaviors. 7 young and 7 middle-aged subjects participated in the experiment, resulting in a collection of 306 forward-avoidance, 297 backward-avoidance, and 42 normal-walking posture sequences. We developed a scaling approach integrating pedestrian kinematics and muscle physiology to establish a velocity-mapping relationship between young and middle-aged groups. Finally, we proposed an identification method for potential collision areas that considers pedestrians’ age and avoidance velocity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Middle-aged subjects required more time for natural avoidance actions averaging 0.15 s for forward and 0.25 s for backward avoidance, compared to their younger counterparts. While the forward avoidance velocity of the middle-aged subjects exhibited an average decrease of 0.3 m/s compared to young subjects, their backward avoidance velocity remained nearly identical. Overall, middle-aged subjects have a larger potential collision area than young participants. Pedestrians who actively avoid vehicles have a smaller potential collision area compared to those who remain normal walking.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We developed an indoor simulated pre-crash scenario experiment and a scaling approach to reveal the correlation between pedestrian avoidance velocity and age. This method can be further applied to obtain the avoidance velocity of elderly pedestrians. Additionally, we validate the effect of these factors in assessing potential collision areas. The decrease in avoidance velocity highlights a larger potential collision area for middle-aged pedestrians when interacting with vehicles. Such facts and data shall be appropriately considered in developing intelligent protection systems for pedestrians.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 281-290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric occupant-to-occupant interaction responses in side impact conditions using Q-dummy and child human body models","authors":"Mónica Diez ,&nbsp;Julio Abajo ,&nbsp;Alberto Negro ,&nbsp;M. Teresa Fernández","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2405652","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2405652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Road safety of children has improved considerably over the past decade; however, there is still much scope to better protect these occupants. Ensuring adequate protection of children seated in the rear seats requires a greater understanding of how children are injured in side crashes. The purpose of this study was to enhance the knowledge of children’s potential injuries in side impact collisions by the investigation of two different child sizes seated in different positions in the rear seats. The injury metrics associated with the occupant-to-occupant or occupant-to-child restraint system interaction was also identified.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Finite Elements Method simulations were performed using a validated simplified vehicle model with fully deformable side components. Dynamic virtual tests according to the Euro NCAP Child Occupant Protection Protocol were performed considering three different scenarios in terms of occupants´ distribution in the rear seats. Simulations were conducted with dummy and human body models. The injury metrics associated with near-side and far-side positions and the occupant-to-occupant interaction were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 10-year-old child seated in the far-side position presented higher injury values, especially in the head due to the contact with the adjacent child or child restraint occupying the near-side seating position. Similar responses were observed in human body and dummies models in terms of head and neck injury values. However, human body models showed an increase in the chest measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlighted that the potential injuries of a child seated on the rear seats in a side impact crash are likely to be increased by the presence of an adjacent seat occupant, especially when larger children were seated in the far-side seating location or a CRS was installed in the near-side seating position. Results offer insight into the occupant-to-occupant interaction and occupants’ size as relevant factors to improve children safety under side impact conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 369-375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving safety risk evaluation for tunnel reinforcement based on matter-element model","authors":"Jiawen Liao ,&nbsp;Hao Ding ,&nbsp;Meng Yang ,&nbsp;Ke Li ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Chen","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2405641","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2405641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze the influence of different tunnel reinforcement measures on drivers and to evaluate the associated driving safety risks.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Experimental data of driving behavior and physiological response were collected under different driving simulation scenarios, such as cover arch erection, corrugated steel, grouting, Steel strips, and fire; an evaluation index system was established based on electrocardiographic (ECG), electrodermal activity(EDA), standard deviation of speed (SDSP), Steering Entropy(SE), standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) and other indices. The classical domain rank standard of each evaluation index was divided using K-Means algorithm, and a synthetic evaluation matter-element model was established to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the safety risks of each scenario.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results show that the highway tunnel reinforcement measures can reduce the driving safety risks compared with the severe damage scenario, and the key driving stability indices such as SDSP, SDLP, and SE are effectively improved by each reinforcement method. Different reinforcement methods have significant differences on driving safety: the cover arch erection and grouting reinforcement are more effective in reducing risks of driving safety, while corrugated steel and Steel strips feature relatively high safety risks. By synthesizing the overall safety risk levels and indices of each reinforcement method, the cover arch erection performs best in reinforcement and maintenance, followed by grouting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>By assessing the effects of different reinforcement methods on driving behavior, this study provides valuable insights and data support for decision-making of highway tunnel safety operation and post-disaster rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"26 3","pages":"Pages 335-345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vehicle collision risk assessment method in highway work zone based on trajectory data.","authors":"Wenyun Tang, Hanbin Wang, Jianxiao Ma, Chenyang Yang, Chaoying Yin","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2474722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2474722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate vehicle safety in highway work zones by analyzing collision risk using vehicle trajectory data collected from these zones.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, vehicle movement within the work zone is monitored using UAV technology, and vehicle trajectory data along with traffic flow characteristics are extracted using Tracker software. Next, a risk assessment method is proposed that comprehensively evaluates both the likelihood and severity of vehicle collisions in the work zone. Finally, the distribution patterns, spatial variations, and influencing factors of collision risk within the work zone are analyzed in detail.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis reveals that the collision risk for lane-changing vehicles predominantly falls within the range of 0.3 to 0.5, higher than that of straight-moving vehicles, which is concentrated between 0.2 and 0.4. This highlights the elevated risk associated with lane-changing behavior. Similarly, the mean collision risk for vehicles in the warning area, transition area, and buffer space are 0.155, 0.207, and 0.252, respectively, showing a progressive increase in risk across these areas. Further analysis shows that the correlation coefficients of speed, speed difference, and acceleration difference with vehicle collision risk are 0.026, 0.305, and 0.698, respectively, indicating a significant positive correlation. Conversely, the correlation coefficient of displacement difference with vehicle collision risk is -0.281, demonstrating a significant negative correlation, which is significant at the 0.01 level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The methodology employed provides a detailed quantification of collision likelihood and severity, offering a comprehensive analysis of vehicle collision risks in work zones and their spatial distribution characteristics. It also explores the relationship between these risks and vehicle motion parameters. The findings offer a scientific basis for identifying high-risk areas and formulating targeted safety improvement measures. Furthermore, the study provides crucial technical support and decision-making guidance for enhancing traffic safety in highway work zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing collision safety restraint systems for diverse drivers using multi-objective analysis.","authors":"Mengqi Li, Xiaobing Bu, Haitao Zhu, Dongcheng Ren","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2474152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2474152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to enhance vehicle collision safety by developing and validating a simulation model and optimizing restraint system parameters based on the injury responses of both small-stature female drivers (5th percentile female dummy) and average-sized male drivers (50th percentile male dummy).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A finite element simulation model of a sedan was established using Hypermesh software, incorporating a Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy. The model was validated through sled tests and adjusted to include a Hybrid III 5th percentile female dummy, reflecting the posture of small-stature female drivers. Sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization were conducted using Isight software and the NSGA-II genetic algorithm, focusing on key restraint system parameters such as seatbelt load limiter, seatbelt pullout amount, seatbelt extension rate, airbag triggering time, airbag vent hole size, and airbag gas mass flow.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optimized restraint system parameters significantly reduced head and chest injuries for both male and female dummies. The head HIC15 value for the male dummy decreased from 380 to 352, and chest compression from 24.9 mm to 20.4 mm. For the female dummy, the head HIC15 value was reduced from 615 to 426, and chest compression from 23.5 mm to 17.1 mm. All injury indicators met regulatory limits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Current restraint systems designed for average-sized male drivers are inadequate for protecting small-stature female drivers. The optimized restraint system parameters significantly improve safety performance for both genders, addressing an important gap in existing research. These findings have significant implications for reducing the design cost of vehicle restraint systems and enhancing driver safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis method for factors influencing pelvis rotation of Hybrid III and THOR dummies during frontal impact.","authors":"Toshiharu Azuma, Yuqing Zhao, Koji Mizuno, Kei Nagasaka, Takahiro Suzuki, Idemitsu Masuda","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2473538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2025.2473538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In vehicle frontal impacts, pelvis rotation is a crucial factor in submarining, where the lap belt slips off the pelvis and intrudes into the abdomen. Submarining can occur even when the lap belt engages the pelvis due to pelvis rotation. This study aims to establish an analytical method to evaluate the forces and moments acting on the pelvis of dummies during frontal impacts and to identify factors influencing pelvis rotation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Finite element simulations were conducted using dummies (Hybrid III 50 M, 5 F, and THOR 50 M, 5 F) restrained with a 3-point standard seat belt in the rear seat during a frontal impact at 50 km/h. The pelvis of the dummy was divided into anatomical regions. Based on Euler's equation, moments around the pelvis's center of gravity (COG) were calculated based on contact forces in each pelvis region and joint force (lumbar spine and hip joint).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The angular acceleration and moment of the pelvis were consistent with Euler's equations, confirming the accuracy of this moment calculation method. Factors promoting rearward pelvis rotation included femur force, lap belt force, and lumbar spine force, while factors reducing pelvis rearward rotation included lumbar spine bending moment and seat cushion force. These factors varied among dummies due to differences in pelvis shape and lumbar spine stiffness. The rearward rotation of the pelvis in the Hybrid III was small because the lap belt path was close to the pelvis COG; in the THOR, however, rearward rotation was greater because the lap belt path was further from the pelvis COG, and the ischium force reducing the rearward rotation was smaller.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study proposes an analytical approach to understanding pelvis rotation in dummies. This method allows for evaluating various factors influencing pelvis rotation over time, including dummy design and restraint systems, to prevent pelvis rearward rotation and submarining.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}