Traffic Injury Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Bus rapid transit as arterial corridor traffic calming: The relationship between transit infrastructure and motor vehicle operating speeds","authors":"Ashish Ravi Joshi ,&nbsp;Nicholas N. Ferenchak ,&nbsp;Lisa L. Losada-Rojas","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2373662","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2373662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This article presents an analysis of the traffic-calming effects of bus rapid transit (BRT) by studying changes to motor vehicle speeds before and after implementation of Albuquerque Rapid Transit (ART) infrastructure in Albuquerque, New Mexico.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>While ART construction was completed in spring 2018, the BRT buses did not operate until December 2019; providing a unique opportunity to explore the influence of BRT infrastructure sans BRT buses (i.e., to tease apart the effects of BRT infrastructure and operations). We used validated data from StreetLight InSight to compare before/after changes to average motor vehicle speeds and 85th percentile motor vehicle speeds at 46 ART sites and 36 control sites.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings suggest that infrastructure associated with BRT systems can improve traffic safety by reducing vehicle speeds. Speed decreases at the ART sites were especially strong in terms of 85th percentile decreases, suggesting that the BRT infrastructure is especially effective at limiting excessive speeding. Motor vehicle 85^th-percentile speeds along the ART corridor were reduced by 11.5% (compared to a 5.8% decrease at control sites). The 85^th-percentile speeds at the ART sites decreased from 32.3 mph to 28.6 mph, which is an especially important range for vulnerable road-user safety outcomes. While ART intersections saw the largest decreases in absolute speeds (a reduction of 4.1 mph in 85th-percentile speeds), ART mid-block sites had larger decreases relative to the control mid-block sites (decreases in 85th-percentile speeds were 73.7% greater at ART mid-block sites than at control mid-block sites). BRT-related lane reductions were linked with particularly strong speed reductions; there were 85th-percentile speed reductions of 4.1 mph (12.6%) when general vehicle lanes were removed versus 2.2 mph (7.8%) when lanes were not removed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Speed reductions were experienced across the ART corridor even though 87.0% of BRT locations did not have a change in posted speed limit, suggesting that physical changes to the roadway associated with BRT were impactful in terms of speed reductions and in turn could possibly promote traffic injury prevention by decreasing the number and severity of crashes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"25 8","pages":"Pages 1098-1106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young novice drivers’ road crash injuries and contributing factors: A crash data investigation","authors":"Yansong Zhu ,&nbsp;Yubin Qian ,&nbsp;Jiejie Xu ,&nbsp;Wenhao Hu","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2367504","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2367504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Collisions are a significant cause of injury and fatality among young novice drivers. Using real crash data, this study further explores the multifaceted and complex nature of young novice drivers’ crash injury risk by synthesizing different driver attributes and crash scenarios in order to update and validate previous research findings and provide more feasible recommendations for preventive measures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Detailed data on traffic crash of young novice drivers were extracted from the National Automobile Accident In-Depth Investigation System (NAIS) in China, and a mixed research methodology using a Random Forest and multinomial logit modeling framework was used in order to explore and study the important influences on traffic crash injuries of young novice drivers in Songjiang District, Shanghai, during the period from 2018 to 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results of the study showed that human, vehicle, road and environmental characteristics contributed 36.83%, 22.65%, 17.07% and 23.45% respectively to the prediction of crash injury level of novice drivers. Among the various single factors, driver negligence was the most important factor affecting the crash injury level of novice drivers. Age of the vehicle, crash location, road signal condition and time of crash all had a significant effect on the crash injury level of young novice drivers (95% of the confidence level).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study comprehensively analyzed young novice driver crash data to reveal the crash injury risk and its severity faced by young novice drivers in different contexts, and suggested targeted safety improvements. There are similarities and differences with the results of previous studies, in which there are new contributions to understanding the driving risks of young novice drivers in daytime and nighttime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"25 8","pages":"Pages 1031-1038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognition of aggressive driving behavior under abnormal weather based on Convolutional Neural Network and transfer learning","authors":"Ziyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuyan Chen ,&nbsp;Hong Yao ,&nbsp;Ghim Ping Ong ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Ma","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2378131","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2378131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Aggressive driving behavior can lead to potential traffic collision risks, and abnormal weather conditions can exacerbate this behavior. This study aims to develop recognition models for aggressive driving under various climate conditions, addressing the challenge of collecting sufficient data in abnormal weather.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Driving data was collected in a virtual environment using a driving simulator under both normal and abnormal weather conditions. A model was trained on data from normal weather (source domain) and then transferred to foggy and rainy weather conditions (target domains) for retraining and fine-tuning. The K-means algorithm clustered driving behavior instances into three styles: aggressive, normal, and cautious. These clusters were used as labels for each instance in training a CNN model. The pre-trained CNN model was then transferred and fine-tuned for abnormal weather conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The transferred models showed improved recognition performance, achieving an accuracy score of 0.81 in both foggy and rainy weather conditions. This surpassed the non-transferred models’ accuracy scores of 0.72 and 0.69, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study demonstrates the significant application value of transfer learning in recognizing aggressive driving behaviors with limited data. It also highlights the feasibility of using this approach to address the challenges of driving behavior recognition under abnormal weather conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"25 8","pages":"Pages 1039-1047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-built network-wide road safety assessment methodologies for rural roads","authors":"Brayan González-Hernández ,&nbsp;Elvis Chia Ngwah ,&nbsp;Davide Shingo Usami ,&nbsp;Luca Persia","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2361461","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2361461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Road traffic crashes are mainly caused by three concurrent factors: infrastructure, vehicle, and human factors. Regarding infrastructure, in recent decades, a series of management tools and procedures called Road Infrastructure Safety Management (RISM) have been proposed. The aim of RISM procedures is to support road authorities in the prevention and mitigation of future road traffic crashes. One of these procedures is the In-built Road Safety Assessment (IRSA) methodology. The peculiarity of an IRSA methodology is the underpinning method used to assign a score to a road section with the aim of identifying those road sections in a network with safety-related infrastructure deficiencies. The objective of this paper is to provide an overall literature review of existing methodologies used worldwide for network-wide road safety assessment for rural road.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The review was conducted following the guidelines provided by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) checklist 2020. The characteristics of these methodologies were compared with respect to the following research questions: What are the general characteristics of IRSA methodologies? What risk method/index is applied? Which data collection method/technique is used? What types of road parameters are considered for the assessment? What is the level of expertise needed to implement the methodology? Where and how are the results validated?</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>As a result, 14 IRSA methodologies were identified. Also, the review showed that similar road parameters were used including: operating speed, road surface, low curve radius, poor sight distance (horizontal and vertical curves), lane width, undivided road (median type), shoulder width, sight obstructions (landscape, obstacles and vegetation), absence of traffic signs and road markings, traffic flow (AADT), intersection quality and density of intersections/lateral accesses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite these similarities, some differences were observed in risk formulation, safety quantities of parameters, level of expertise required, and validation of studies. Researchers may use these findings to develop future road safety assessment methodologies, while road practitioners can make use of this in identifying suitable network-wide assessment methods for safety assessments of road infrastructures. Finally, a series of recommendations for future research work on IRSA methodologies is suggested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"25 8","pages":"Pages 1048-1054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety climate and seat belt use in the fire service","authors":"Todd D. Smith ,&nbsp;Abdulrazak O. Balogun ,&nbsp;Kevin Hughes ,&nbsp;Mari-Amanda Dyal ,&nbsp;David M. DeJoy","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2362834","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2362834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Motor vehicle incidents or apparatus crashes are a leading cause of firefighter fatalities in the United States. Nonuse of seat belts has been linked to some of these fatalities. This research seeks to understand the relationship between safety climate and seat belt use among firefighters, as findings will provide insights into factors that may bolster seat belt use and protect firefighters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected from 208 career firefighters working for a city fire department in the southeastern United States. Structural equation modeling was used to test a hypothesized model and to assess the relationships between organizational safety climate, work group safety climate and seat belt use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>It was determined that positive perceptions of workgroup safety climate, as a higher order factor, comprised of supervisor support, horizontal cohesion, and vertical cohesion, was positively associated with seat belt use within a sample of firefighters. Organizational level safety climate did not have a significant relationship with seat belt use but did positively influence workgroup safety climate perceptions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Safety climate has been associated with safety compliance and participation behaviors, but more research was needed to specifically examine the impact of safety climate on seat belt use in firefighters. The findings point to the importance of safety climate as a leading indicator and predictor of seat belt use. Bolstering safety climate through safety programs, commitment to safety, effective communication, supportive supervisors and cohesion should ultimately aid in bolstering seat belt use among firefighters, which is important to curtailing firefighter injuries and fatalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"25 8","pages":"Pages 1055-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ethics, applications, and contributions of cadaver testing in injury prevention research","authors":"Francisco J. Lopez-Valdes ,&nbsp;Alberto Mascareñas Brito ,&nbsp;Amanda M. Agnew ,&nbsp;Peter Cripton ,&nbsp;Jason Kerrigan ,&nbsp;Spyros Masouros ,&nbsp;Kai-Uwe Schmitt ,&nbsp;Gunter Siegmund","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2376937","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2376937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to establish best practices and guidelines to ensure that experimental research utilizing Postmortem Human Subjects (PMHS) for injury prevention adheres to relevant ethical principles, which are also commonly accepted in research involving human tissues and living subjects. Furthermore, it reviews existing literature to underscore the pivotal role of PMHS testing in evaluating the efficacy of safety systems, with a particular focus on airbag performance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This paper conducts an examination of the primary ethical principles governing human subject research as outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (1965) and traces their evolution up to the latest framework proposed by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) in 2002. Input was solicited from international experts and laboratories experienced in PMHS testing to understand how these ethical principles are implemented in practice. This is complemented by a comprehensive review of literature that assesses the contribution of PMHS testing to airbag performance enhancements in frontal impacts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings underscore the importance of informed consent from donors or their next-of-kin, as highlighted in CIOMS declarations, to ensure the ethical integrity of the donation process in line with international standards. The study also finds it customary for an independent review board to evaluate the research methodology and the necessity of employing PMHS tissue over alternative methods, such as computational models or crash test dummies. Despite various national regulations on human subject participation and living tissue research, no specific legal framework governing PMHS tissue use was identified. The systematic literature review revealed that PMHS testing has been crucial in identifying potential injury mechanisms not detected by Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATD), significantly contributing to the enhancement of computer human body models and the biofidelity of crash test dummies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The International Council on the Biomechanics of Injury (IRCOBI) recognizes the need to provide guidance for research involving human cadaveric tissue to be conducted with the highest ethical standards. This study proposes five recommendations to ensure adherence to these ethical principles in PMHS testing, highlighting the paramount importance of obtaining informed consent and securing independent committee approval. Moreover, IRCOBI emphasizes that until a thorough understanding of tissue damage tolerance levels is achieved and human surrogates, such as ATDs or Human Body Models (HBM), reach full biofidelity, the use of human cadavers remains indispensable for developing effective injury prevention strategies and measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"25 8","pages":"Pages 1115-1128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing real-time conflict identification using trajectory data: Exploring the impact of interactions among traffic flow state variables.","authors":"Dan Wu, Gaoming Wu","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2404715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2024.2404715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to address the limitations of using historical crash data and trajectory data for crash and conflict identification. Specifically, it focuses on enhancing real-time conflict identification by investigating the influence of traffic flow state variables and their interactions on conflicts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Vehicle trajectory data from HighD were processed, allowing extraction of traffic flow state and corresponding conflict during a specific time interval (10 s). Logistic regression models were further used to verify the impact of variables, including interaction terms, on the conflicts for different lane categories (inner, middle, and outer lanes). Additionally, machine learning techniques were employed to compare conflict identification performance including or excluding variable interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The interaction terms of the traffic flow state variables have significant effects on the conflicts for different categories of lanes. It is therefore essential to consider both the individual effects of traffic variables and their interaction effects to analyze conflict risk. Considering variable interactions leads to improved conflict identification accuracy and reduced identification error rates in comparison to the condition where interaction items are not taken into account.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The interaction terms of traffic flow state variables significantly affect and enhance conflict identification, improving accuracy and reducing error rates. These findings contribute to advancing the high-precision identification of real-time conflict identification, with implications for improving road safety measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142632303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of lateral acceleration prediction models and consistency evaluation criteria for horizontal curves with gradient on two lane rural highways.","authors":"Remya Y K, Anitha Jacob, Subaida E A","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2416463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2024.2416463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The challenge of combined horizontal and vertical highway alignments continues to be a concern in transportation design, particularly regarding truck stability. This study analyses the stability of trucks on horizontal curves combined with ascending or descending gradients using center of gravity (CoG) height and curve geometry as parameters. It also develops models that predict lateral stability of trucks and criteria for evaluating geometric design consistency based on vehicle stability.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A smartphone application was used to collect real-time data on lateral acceleration experienced by two-axle trucks on curves with gradient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings show a lower safety margin against rollover on curves with descending gradient compared to ascending ones. Key factors affecting stability are identified as radius and length of horizontal curve, suggesting improvements in rollover stability by increasing these parameters. Geometric design consistency evaluation criteria were developed based on lateral acceleration, categorizing curves with gradient as good, fair, or poor. Predictive models were developed to quantify the impact of CoG height of truck and curve geometry on lateral acceleration, aiding in consistency assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Outcomes of research will be useful for the design of safer horizontal curves with gradient by prioritizing vehicle stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing the road safety risks of last mile deliveries: Do telematics have a role to play?","authors":"Nicola Christie, Sarah O'Toole, Alice Holcombe, Niamh Bull, Shaun Helman","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2413143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2024.2413143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The research aimed to understand the impact of telematics in reducing traffic violations and crashes among drivers working in parcel delivery and the perceived utility, effectiveness, and acceptability of telematics among drivers using them. The objective was to carry out an online survey among drivers who have telematics versus drivers who do not and compare their behaviors in terms of risks and violations controlling for key demographics an exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online anonymous survey was conducted of 780 home delivery drivers of which 430 used telematics in 2022. The survey was conducted by a fieldwork company and participants were compensated for their time. Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted on the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Telematics users did not report less crashes than drivers who did not use telematics. Most drivers, irrespective of telematics use agreed that the time pressure of delivery work increased speed limit violations and unsafe or hazardous parking. Multivariate analysis indicated that damage collisions for all drivers were associated with factors such as, driving medium to large vans, hazardous behavior related to parking, and having penalties for violations, especially related to speed. Delivery drivers, while generally facing pressure to speed and take risks to meet delivery schedules, did perceive telematics as a tool for safety enhancement and information dissemination, as well as for the management of performance. Non-telematics users viewed it with skepticism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Telematics alone may not ensure the safety of last-mile deliveries and could potentially increase the pressure of deliveries. This research underscores the need for a holistic approach to road safety in the home delivery sector, combining telematics technology with a proactive safety culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing caregiver attitudes to optimize pediatric vehicular heatstroke campaigns.","authors":"Emma B Sartin, Elizabeth E Gay, Jalaj Maheshwari","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2413142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2024.2413142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Since 1998; approximately 1,000 US children have died due to pediatric vehicular heatstroke (PVH; i.e., children overheating in vehicles). As the frequency of cases have largely remained unchanged over time, there is a need for novel research that can inform effective PVH prevention efforts, such as awareness campaigns. The objective of this project was to characterize caregivers' opinions about existing PVH campaigns and thoughts about what future campaigns should look like.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted 4 virtual focus groups (16 participants total). Groups discussed broad childhood injury topics, as well as PVH. Groups also viewed existing communication campaigns for a variety of injury topics and provided their perspectives on what future campaigns focused on PVH should contain. All focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and de-identified. Two independent coders reviewed and coded transcripts, which were developed and applied using a directed-content approach. We then created code summaries, which were used to develop themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Themes were: (1) PVH differs from other injuries, (2) Campaigns should be short, educational, practical, and include diverse populations/subjects, and (3) Campaigns should be placed where caregivers are with their children. Caregivers acknowledged they were misinformed about their PVH risk; providing them with real-world statistics changed their views about if they should adopt preventative actions. Participants voiced communicating this risk to caregivers with actions they can take to reduce their risk in future campaigns is important to promote widespread adoption of preventative measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on results, we recommend future campaigns consider the IDEA framework when developing novel PVH campaigns.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}