Traffic Injury Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of drivers' visual search patterns and cognitive load during driving in curved tunnels.","authors":"Lei Han, Zhigang Du, Shoushuo Wang","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2441879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2024.2441879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess drivers' visual search patterns and cognitive load during driving in curved tunnels. Specifically, we aimed to investigate how different curved tunnel geometries (tunnel radii, turning directions) and zones (entrance, middle, exit) influence drivers' saccadic eye movements. This understanding can inform the development of safer tunnel designs and driving guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30 licensed Chinese drivers participated in the study. Eye movement data were collected using the eye tracker while participants drove through four experimental curved tunnels. Each tunnel differed in radius, turning direction, and zone. Eye movement parameters, including saccade duration, frequency, amplitude, and velocity, were analyzed to evaluate drivers' visual search patterns and cognitive load.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed significant differences in drivers' saccadic eye movements across different tunnel conditions. As the tunnel radius decreased, drivers exhibited shorter saccade durations, increased saccade frequencies, decreased saccade amplitudes, and reduced saccade velocities, indicating increased cognitive load and more frequent visual updates. The turning direction also influenced saccadic behavior, with drivers demonstrating shorter saccade durations and higher frequencies when turning left compared to turning right. Furthermore, significant variations were observed across tunnel zones, with drivers showing the shortest saccade durations and highest frequencies in the entrance zone, while the mean saccade amplitude and velocity were largest in the exit zone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides valuable insights into how drivers adapt their visual search strategies and cognitive processes in response to varying curved tunnel conditions. The findings highlight the importance of considering tunnel geometry, turning direction, and tunnel zones in designing safer tunnel infrastructures and driving guidelines. Specifically, the results suggest that drivers experience increased cognitive load in narrower tunnels and during left turns, necessitating a more dynamic and frequent visual search strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving safety risk evaluation for tunnel reinforcement based on matter-element model.","authors":"Jiawen Liao, Hao Ding, Meng Yang, Ke Li, Jianzhong Chen","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2405641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2024.2405641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the influence of different tunnel reinforcement measures on drivers and to evaluate the associated driving safety risks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experimental data of driving behavior and physiological response were collected under different driving simulation scenarios, such as cover arch erection, corrugated steel, grouting, Steel strips, and fire; an evaluation index system was established based on electrocardiographic (ECG), electrodermal activity(EDA), standard deviation of speed (SDSP), Steering Entropy(SE), standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) and other indices. The classical domain rank standard of each evaluation index was divided using K-Means algorithm, and a synthetic evaluation matter-element model was established to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the safety risks of each scenario.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that the highway tunnel reinforcement measures can reduce the driving safety risks compared with the severe damage scenario, and the key driving stability indices such as SDSP, SDLP, and SE are effectively improved by each reinforcement method. Different reinforcement methods have significant differences on driving safety: the cover arch erection and grouting reinforcement are more effective in reducing risks of driving safety, while corrugated steel and Steel strips feature relatively high safety risks. By synthesizing the overall safety risk levels and indices of each reinforcement method, the cover arch erection performs best in reinforcement and maintenance, followed by grouting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By assessing the effects of different reinforcement methods on driving behavior, this study provides valuable insights and data support for decision-making of highway tunnel safety operation and post-disaster rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a visual attentional task and eye-tracking to investigate the effects of pre-takeover resource engagement on attention restoration in conditionally automated driving.","authors":"Jinzhen Dou, Chang Xu, Wenyu Wu, Chengqi Xue, Shanguang Chen","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2427865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2024.2427865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Attention forms the foundation for the formation of situation awareness. Low situation awareness can lead to driving performance decline, which can be dangerous in driving. The goal of this study is to investigate how different types of pre-takeover tasks, involving cognitive, visual and physical resources engagement, as well as individual attentional function, affect driver's attention restoration in conditionally automated driving.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-phase study was conducted. In phase one, a visual attentional task was employed to measure the attentional function of driver. In phase two, a driving simulator experiment was conducted, where participants experienced a typical sequence of automated driving, takeover and manual driving. Three pre-takeover tasks were designed to divert drivers' attentional resources, including a visual-cognitive task, a visual-physical task, and a monitoring task (control group). Eye-tracking metrics, including pupil and gaze behavior, along with driving behavior, were assessed as dependent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The visual-cognitive task showed the highest percentage of pupil dilation and significantly increased participant's response time, but it also had a positive effect on subsequent attention restoration. Moreover, the attentional task scores were positively correlated with horizontal gaze scanning and negatively correlated with takeover response time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pre-takeover tasks with cognitive resource engagement proves to be superior for attention restoration in conditionally automated driving. The drivers with better attentional function are able to reduce recovering time. These findings make it possible to predict drivers' attentional state by identifying type of pre-takeover tasks in conditionally automated vehicles. Based on this, the attentive user interfaces could be adaptively adjusted to provide valuable cues, ensuring a safe transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the impact of the locations of luminaire failure on traffic safety in highway tunnels.","authors":"Xiaoxia Wang, Qinghao He, Linhai You, Luqi Wang","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2434496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2024.2434496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The safety of highway tunnels hinges heavily on proper lighting infrastructure, yet luminaire failures pose an ongoing challenge. The study aims at assessing the impact of the locations of luminaire failures on highway tunnels safety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research involved conducting 300 on-site scenarios with 29 participants, with simulated drives in visual recognition experiments. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to assess the individual effects of luminaire failures, luminous flux maintenance rates, and driving speeds on safety, as well as the between-group variability of these effects. Furthermore, Bonferroni tests were conducted to perform post hoc analyses, which determine the specific pairs of group means that differed significantly. Additionally, paired <i>t</i>-tests were used to analyze the impact of the failure locations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that luminaire failures were the most significant factor affecting safety. Failures near the driver's side had a more pronounced effect, and symmetric position of failures caused the most significant impact when the same number of luminaire failures occurred. The study also found that the distance between failed luminaires, rather than their specific positions, was the primary determinant of safety impact. Concentrated luminaire failures were more detrimental than scattered ones.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study concludes that concentrated luminaire failures present a significant threat to tunnel safety, emphasizing the urgency of accelerated maintenance to address such failures and uphold safety standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of performance degradation of an active pretensioning seatbelt in a real-world vehicle braking test.","authors":"Jing Fei, Puyuan Tan, Quan Li, Jiajie Shen, Peifeng Wang, Yu Liu, Qing Zhou","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2437651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2024.2437651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Previous research has established the effectiveness of active pretensioning seatbelts (APS), also termed motorized pretensioning seatbelts, in mitigating forward leaning and out-of-position displacement during pre-crash scenarios. In the Chinese market, APS trigger times are typically set later than those reported in the literature. This study investigates the real-world performance of APS systems with delayed trigger times under emergency braking conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Static pretensioning tests were conducted without the influence of braking deceleration pulses, using a THOR-50M ATD and seatbelt pretensioning parameters recommended by the APS supplier and vehicle manufacturer. The time histories of seatbelt tension force and webbing displacement were recorded and compared with data from real-world vehicle braking volunteer tests. To examine the causes of pretensioning performance degradation, a simulation restraint model incorporating APS was developed in the MADYMO platform. The simulation results were analyzed to elucidate discrepancies between the supplier's claims and the performance observed in real vehicles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During static sled tests, the APS demonstrated a stable pretensioning force of 200 N and a webbing pull-in distance of 3-4 cm. In contrast, real-world vehicle braking tests revealed significant fluctuations in seatbelt tension force, which ranged from below to exceeding 200 N, with no webbing retraction into the retractor observed during braking. Simulations further suggested that a functional conflict between the inertia reel retractor and the active pretensioning motor could cause performance degradation, aligning with experimental findings. When this functional conflict was removed in the simulation model, the pretensioning behavior corresponded with results from previous studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified that active pretensioning seatbelt (APS) systems installed in vehicles may exhibit inadequate performance during real-world emergency braking scenarios. It is hypothesized that if the active pretensioning function is triggered after braking has initiated, the retractor may already be locked, restricting the spool rotation and preventing the pretensioning motor from further retracting. These findings highlight the necessity for APS suppliers and vehicle manufacturers to carefully design pretensioning configurations and ensure that the system can effectively retract seatbelt webbing during emergency braking.</p>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the influence of eye-catching effect on mental workload in highway tunnel entrances: a comprehensive analysis of eye blink behavior","authors":"Lei Han ,&nbsp;Zhigang Du","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2382251","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2382251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between eye-catching effects and mental workload at highway tunnel entrances. Specifically, the study aimed to analyze drivers’ eye blink behavior to gain a comprehensive understanding of how visual attraction at tunnel entrances affects cognitive workload.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>50 participants were recruited for the naturalistic driving experiment. Four different visually attractive driving scenarios (baseline, landscape-style architecture, tip slogan, and billboard) were selected. Eye-tracking technology was utilized to record and analyze the eye blink behavior of participating drivers. Various metrics, including blink frequency, blink duration, inter-blink interval, and pupil diameter after a blink, were measured and compared across different scenarios.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results of the study demonstrated significant differences in drivers’ eye blink behavior across the different experimental scenarios, indicating the influence of visual attraction conditions on mental workload. The presence of eye-catching stimuli (landscape-style architecture, tip slogan, and billboard scenarios) at tunnel entrances resulted in decreased blink frequency, shorter blink duration, longer inter-blink intervals, and larger pupil diameter after a blink compared to when no specific eye-catching stimuli were present (baseline condition). These findings suggest that visual attractions capture drivers’ attention, leading to increased cognitive workload and attentional demands.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings of this study contribute to the existing literature on driver attention and mental workload, particularly in relation to eye-catching effect in tunnel environments. The presence of eye-catching stimuli at tunnel entrances can distract drivers and increase their mental workload, potentially compromising driving performance and safety. It is crucial for transportation authorities and designers to carefully consider the design and placement of visual attractions in tunnel entrances to minimize distraction and cognitive workload. By doing so, driving safety and performance can be enhanced in tunnel entrances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 52-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving under the influence: An analysis of second-time offenders and intervention success, Turkey sample","authors":"Osman Kucukkelepce ,&nbsp;Furkan Bakirhan","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2384495","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2384495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol is a major public health issue that results in significant mortality, morbidity, and economic costs. Despite various penalties and interventions, DUI remains prevalent. This study examines the demographic characteristics, educational status, and involvement in motor vehicle accidents of second-time DUI offenders, aiming to identify factors influencing the success of educational interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between 2018 and 2023, 151 individuals whose driver’s licenses were suspended for a second DUI offense participated in this study. All participants applied to the Adıyaman Provincial Health Directorate, located in the southeast region of Turkey, to regain their licenses. Data were collected from application documents and digital records during and after the educational program, which included identity information, demographic characteristics, reasons for alcohol consumption, license duration, education level, educational success, frequency of alcohol use, and behavior under the influence. Penalties and traffic accidents in the last 5 years were also recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants with a high school education and above had a significantly higher success rate in the educational program (<em>P</em> = .03). Those without penalties (<em>P</em> = .001) and those not involved in traffic accidents (<em>P</em> = .006) also showed higher success rates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite its limitations, this study shows that second-time DUI offenders who have previous traffic tickets or accidents are less likely to succeed in educational interventions. These findings suggest the need for tailored training programs, extended durations, and personalized evaluations to improve outcomes for these high-risk groups. Future research should explore prospective studies to confirm these results and guide intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 20-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NHTSA crash investigation sampling system (CISS) is unreliable, inaccurate and does not estimate serious injury in motor vehicle crashes","authors":"David C. Viano","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2451572","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2025.2451572","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Errors and inaccuracies are documented in the 2017–2022 CISS (Crash Investigation Sampling System) field data managed by NHTSA on serious injury in motor vehicle crashes in the US.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;All CISS cases of serious, non-fatal injury to 3–5 and 6–12 year old (yo) children were downloaded from the NHTSA website. Each case was summarized for the: 1) case identification by year, PSU and number, 2) case weighting factor and domain, 3) vehicle make, model and model year and 4) age, seating position and maximum injury severity (MAIS) to the child. Crashes with serious injury are in domains 02, 05 and 08 depending on the age of the vehicle. There were several cases with unusually high weighting factors (casewgt) in comparison to others in the groups. The sources of the high case weights were identified.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;There were 8 cases with MAIS 3–6 injury to 3–5 yo children. The weighted sum was 3,538.8 estimated national incidence for 6 years. Case #5 had a weight of 2,223.3, which was 63% of the sum. There were 8 cases with MAIS 4–6 injury to 6–12 yo children. The weighted sum was 5,817.9. Case #9 had a weight of 5,199.6, which was 89% of the sum. There were 18 cases with MAIS 3 injury to 6–12 yo children. Case #22 had a weight of 1,264.5 and case #25 937.8, representing 52% of the sum. The high case weights were traced to errors in the domain due to incorrect injury severity and vehicle age. NHTSA has been aware of the domain errors and unusually high case weights since 2012. They have not corrected the errors in high case weights. They have ignored the effects of errors in the CISS and NASS-CDS data on serious injury. The data errors lead to unrealistic and inaccurate estimates of serious injury. There are other problems with CISS and NASS-CDS.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;There are pervasive errors in the CISS crash selection procedure, domains and case weights that make estimates of serious injury unreliable. There is no quality control to correct the data errors. CISS cases are incomplete and limited in comparison to the earlier NASS-CDS.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;CISS sampling procedure is incorrect by relying on vehicle age for case selection. NASS-CDS sampling relied on occupant injury severity. CISS and NASS-CDS incorrectly handle multi-vehicle crashes. A complete review and revision of CISS and NASS-CDS is needed to correct errors so the databases are compatible from the 1980s to today. NHTSA needs to disclose information about the revised NASS-CDS and CISS files. The online NASS-CDS and CISS files are incorrect and inadequate to estimate serious injury in motor vehicle crashes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;CISS sampling frequencies rely on 2011 NASS-CDS, which is not relevant to serious injury crashes today. The 2011 NASS-CDS did not investigate older vehicles. CISS under-samples serious injury in older vehicles where race, gender and SES are important factors. CISS and NASS-CDS are n","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 61-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, development, and evaluation of a multi-lingual web-based database for informing people regarding driving-impairing medicines","authors":"Faramarz Pourasghar ,&nbsp;Mostafa Farahbakhsh ,&nbsp;Homayoun Sadeghi-bazargani ,&nbsp;Sepideh Harzand-Jadidi","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2386424","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2386424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) is a growing traffic safety problem in many countries. It is estimated that 5 to 10% of medicinal drugs may impair driving due to their side effects. Despite the high number of medicinal drugs prescribed in Iran, there is a lack of a database that could provide specialized information regarding medicinal drugs and driving. Therefore, the present study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate a database for informing the general public, drivers, and healthcare providers regarding driving-impairing medicines.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The Drugs-and-traffic-safety (DATS) database, which has been developed by Road Traffic Injury Research Center (RTIRC), was designed using Java, HTML, JavaScript and MySql database. After completing the testing process, pharmaceutical data (i.e., generic and brand names, route of administration, anatomical classification, etc.), the level of influence of medicinal drugs on driving, and driving-related recommendations based on the level of influence for consumers were entered into the database. A cross-sectional study, and a qualitative study as semi-structured interviews and expert panels were conducted in different target groups to evaluate the DATS. Finally, the evaluation results were used to improve the database. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and MAXQDA-10, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The DATS was the only web-based database that could be accessed online <em>via</em> different browsers. The database included information about 1,255 medicinal drugs, and their influence on driving was shown with four colors, i.e., green (insignificant or no effect), yellow (mild effect), orange (moderate effect), and red (severe effect). The database was designed in multiple languages, which could enable users to search for medicinal drug names in both Persian and English. Based on the quantitative results, the mean score of the DATS was 75.10 ± 16.01 (out of 100) from the public viewpoint, indicating that the users were relatively satisfied with the database. Some themes and subthemes were extracted from the qualitative section of the study which revealed the users found DATS a practical, useful, and user-friendly tool.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Considering the positive feedback of users about DATS in the quantitative and qualitative evaluations, implementing DATS in Iran could provide useful advice in terms of the influence of medicinal drugs on driving to the public and traffic users. Therefore, it can raise public awareness of the risk of driving under the influence of medicinal drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related driver injury occurrence from crashes at curve–grade combined segments","authors":"Hellen Shita ,&nbsp;Norris Novat ,&nbsp;Francisca Kasubi ,&nbsp;Norran Kakama Novat ,&nbsp;Priyanka Alluri ,&nbsp;Valerian Kwigizile","doi":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2390093","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15389588.2024.2390093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Due to their relatively complex roadway characteristics, horizontal and vertical curve segments are associated with decreased visibility and a higher risk of rollovers. Multiple studies have identified the associated risk of young and older drivers separately in such complicated driving environments. This study investigated the relationship between driver age and injury occurrence from crashes occurring along curve–grade combined segments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Crash data recorded in Ohio State between 2012 and 2017 were used in this study. Driver age was categorized into 3 groups: teen (age &lt;20 years), adult (age 20–64), and older adult (age &gt;64). Descriptive statistics were summarized using random forest, gradient boosting, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) to estimate the probability of a driver incurring an injury in case of a crash at curve–grade combined segments. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) was used to select the best performing model. Partial dependence plots (PDPs) were used to interpret the model results.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The probability of injury occurrence is different for older drivers compared to teen and adult drivers. Although teen and adult drivers showed a higher probability of sustaining injuries in crashes with an increase in the degree of curvature, older drivers were more likely to sustain injuries in roadways with higher annual average daily traffic (AADT), steeper grades, and more occupants in the vehicle. Older drivers were observed to have a higher probability of sustaining injuries during peak hours and when unrestrained compared to teen and adult drivers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results emphasize the significance of tailored education and outreach countermeasures, particularly for teen and older drivers, aimed at decreasing the likelihood of injuries in such driving environments. This research adds to the expanding body of knowledge concerning the age-related occurrence of driver injuries resulting from crashes at curve–grade combined segments. The study findings provide insights into the potential over- or underrepresentation of certain age groups in analyzing crash injury occurrence. The insights gained from the machine learning analysis could also assist policymakers, transportation agencies, and traffic safety experts in developing targeted strategies to enhance road safety and protect vulnerable age groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54422,"journal":{"name":"Traffic Injury Prevention","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142332367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}