Food and Energy Security最新文献

{"title":"Shifts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal functioning along a simulated nitrogen deposition gradient","authors":"Jian Wang,&nbsp;Chenxi Yang,&nbsp;Haiou Zhang,&nbsp;Tianqing Chen","doi":"10.1002/fes3.542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.542","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The deposition of atmospheric nitrogen can significantly boost the amount of nitrogen available in various ecosystems, potentially altering the mutualistic association between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their host plants. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms and the degree to which externally induced nitrogen-related changes in AMF functionality might impact <i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (<i>L.</i>) Moench, a plant known for its high mycorrhizal colonization, remains unclear. In this study, the mycorrhizal response affected by environmental N enrichment was addressed by conducting a glasshouse experiment, and four fertilization treatments (N1, N2, N3, and N4, 0, 15, 30, and 60 kg N hm⁻¹ a⁻¹, respectively) were used to simulate N deposition differences over the mycorrhizal response. The changes in mycorrhizal colonization and plant variables during different AMF and N fertilizer applications were investigated. When the gradient's nitrogen levels increased, the mycorrhizal growth response and mycorrhizal nitrogen response showed a pattern of first dropping and then increasing. N-induced changes in the mycorrhizal response were associated with vesicular colonization, arbuscular colonization, and root-length colonization. The variation in the mycorrhizal response over the N concentration gradient highlights the critical role of AMF in agroecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the impact of low-temperature stress on winter wheat based on multi-model coupling","authors":"Jiameng Chen,&nbsp;Peiyan Zhang,&nbsp;Junming Liu,&nbsp;Jingyuan Deng,&nbsp;Wei Su,&nbsp;Pengxin Wang,&nbsp;Ying Li","doi":"10.1002/fes3.543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.543","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Crop growth models, such as the WOrld FOod STudies (WOFOST) model, mimic the mechanistic processes involved in crop development, growth, and yield production. The accuracy of simulation is decreased in unfavorable low-temperature settings because these models do not accurately represent crop response processes in low-temperature stress. Enhancing the WOFOST crop growth model's accuracy in simulating crops' responses to cold temperatures is the aim of this work. Given its vulnerability to low temperatures, the inquiry uses winter wheat in Henan Province as a focal point. It integrates the WHEATGROW wheat phenology model with the Frost model of Lethal Temperature 50 (FROSTOL) inside the framework of the crop growth model. This link aims to improve simulation accuracy and supplement the model's mechanisms, particularly when it comes to the impact of low temperatures on crop development. The study uses Long Short-Term Memory networks to build a yield model that integrates remote sensing data with information from simulated crop models. Under low temperatures, the leaf area index, total above ground biomass, and total weight of storage organs of the model WWF—which combines FROSTOL and WHEATGROW with WOFOST—show a considerable decline. It was discovered that there is a greater improvement in simulation accuracy of the linked model WWF relative to the WOFOST model in frost years than in normal years, based on a comparison analysis between typical frost years and normal years. To be more precise, the improvement is 8.03% in frost years and 1.98% in regular years. When all is said and done, the coupled model advances our knowledge of how winter wheat is impacted by low temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.543","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Featured Cover","authors":"A. Robert MacKenzie,&nbsp;Sami Ullah,&nbsp;Christine H. Foyer","doi":"10.1002/fes3.541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.541","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the Review Article <i>Building forests for the future</i> by A. Robert MacKenzie et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.518. Image Credit: Ian Crompton.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140329048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Author correction: Improving digestibility of sorghum proteins by CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/fes3.540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.540","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Xinyu Li, Wenzhen Liu, Gaoliang Wang, Samuel Sai-Ming Sun, Ling Yuan, Jingxue Wang. <i>Food Energy Security</i>. (2023) 00:e506.</p><p>The original version of this article contained an error in Figure 2, where the graph of Figure 2d is incorrect and does not match the figure legend. The error does not affect the rest of the article.</p><p>The corrected Figure 2 and accompanying legend appear below.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.540","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140209618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic and physiological characteristics of high yield and nitrogen use efficient varieties of rice: Comparison between two near-isogenic lines","authors":"Guo-hui Li,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Cheng Zhou,&nbsp;Ji-wei Xu,&nbsp;Chang-jin Zhu,&nbsp;Chen Ni,&nbsp;Zhong-yang Huo,&nbsp;Qi-gen Dai,&nbsp;Ke Xu","doi":"10.1002/fes3.539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.539","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increasing the application of nitrogen fertilizer is the main approach to increase rice production, but it also brings problems of environmental pollution and increases agricultural production costs. Cultivating high-yielding and high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) rice varieties is an important approach to solving this problem. The rice varieties carrying <i>dep1</i> (<i>dense and erect panicle 1</i>) have both high grain yield and high NUE. However, their plant traits have not been fully explored. In this study, two rice near-isogenic lines carrying <i>dep1</i> (NIL-<i>DEP1</i> and NIL-<i>dep1</i>) were grown in paddy fields under 0, 120 and 270 kg N ha⁻¹. We analyzed agronomic traits of panicle type, plant type, leaves and roots, and physiological traits of vascular bundles, photosynthetic rate and carbon and nitrogen transport. The results showed that the NIL-<i>dep1</i> exhibited higher grain yield and NUE than NIL-<i>DEP1</i>, mainly due to the higher spikelet number per panicle, grain filling percentage and dry matter production. Compared with NIL-<i>DEP1</i>, NIL-<i>dep1</i> had improved flag leaf morpho–physiological traits, including erect flag leaves, greater leaf thickness and specific leaf weight, higher root dry weight, root length, root volume and root surface area, and a better canopy structure, as reflected by a lower light interception percent and canopy extinction coefficient, leading to better photosynthetic performance and dry matter production. In addition, NIL-<i>dep1</i> exhibited better vascular bundle traits of peduncle and enhanced dry matter, stem carbon and nitrogen translocation during grain filling. In conclusion, NIL-<i>dep1</i> had high grain yield and NUE by improved agronomic and physiological traits and increasing carbon and nitrogen translocation during grain filling. These traits mentioned above could be used to select and breed high grain yield with high NUE rice varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140209662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reorienting research investments toward under-researched crops for sustainable food systems","authors":"Sussy Munialo,&nbsp;Kadambot H. M. Siddique,&nbsp;Nigel P. Barker,&nbsp;Cecilia Moraa Onyango,&nbsp;Jacqueline Naalamle Amissah,&nbsp;Lydia Nanjala Wamalwa,&nbsp;Qinisani Qwabe,&nbsp;Andrew J. Dougill,&nbsp;Lindiwe Majele Sibanda","doi":"10.1002/fes3.538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.538","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The dominance of a few staple crops (maize, rice, and wheat) in most agricultural systems hampers the application of interventions to improve food security and nutrition. Research and development attention has focused on improving the production and utilization of these crops, leaving other crops under-researched and underutilized. Subsequently, there have been high malnutrition rates due to poor diet diversity, yet there are “opportunity crops” that remain under researched. The opportunity crops can unlock solutions to food insecurity, malnutrition, a lack of biodiversity, and indeed poor climate adaptation. The study explored diversification in agricultural systems to analyze whether reorientation of research investment to include under-researched crops can increase nutrient gain and enhance dietary diversity. Research outputs benchmarked as the number of publications from three leading African universities, Nairobi, Pretoria, and Ghana, were related to crop diversity and nutrition of crops in five clusters: cereals, vegetables, legumes, roots and tubers, and nuts. The findings show that maize was the predominantly researched crop across the three institutions. Low research outputs were observed for pearl millet, finger millet, and yam across the three institutions: amaranth and nightshade (Pretoria), sweet potatoes (Pretoria and Ghana), Marama bean (Nairobi), and soya bean (Nairobi and Ghana). There was nutrient gain across all five clusters, particularly from under-researched indigenous crops such as finger millet, amaranth, nightshade, yam, sweet potatoes, Marama bean, and soybean. Nutrient gain was contributed more by cereals and root and tuber crops from Pretoria, vegetables and nuts (Ghana), as well as legumes (Nairobi). The findings demonstrate that incorporating research on the least researched crops with successful integration of other research and development initiatives (policy and dissemination) can increase nutrition and improve dietary diversity. The nutrient gain will positively affect food security and nutrition, contributing to the achievement of Africa Agenda 2063, the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals, and reducing food imports. The findings can inform research investment and decision across different institutions within the African continent. Research investment targeting crops such as finger millet, amaranthus, sweet potatoes, soya beans, and cashew nuts is needed considering the nutritional contribution, climate change adaptability, market potential, and biodiversity contribution. Further analysis should explore production, socio-economic (marketability and income generation), and environmental gains (adaptive ability to climate change) for specific crops. The development of frameworks to guide the analysis of the nature and scope of factors affecting the contribution of these crops to food security and nutrition, as well as research on specific crops considering geographic distribution and institutional inv","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140161378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable protein production through genetic engineering of cyanobacteria and use of atmospheric N2 gas","authors":"Taufiq Nawaz,&nbsp;Liping Gu,&nbsp;Shah Fahad,&nbsp;Shah Saud,&nbsp;Matthew Tom Harrison,&nbsp;Ruanbao Zhou","doi":"10.1002/fes3.536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.536","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review explores the potential of genetically engineering cyanobacteria with the aim of synthesizing high-value protein directly from atmospheric nitrogen. The article examines numerous techniques that may enhance protein synthesis in cyanobacteria, and discusses advantages, barriers, and opportunities for this strategy going forward. Genetic manipulation of cyanobacteria shows promise in sustainably raising protein production via reduced greenhouse gas emissions and lower dependence on synthetic fertilizers, but also potentially fewer environmental implications traditionally caused by conventional protein production methods. The article uncovers many difficulties in genetically modifying cyanobacteria for protein production. For example, genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have legal and regulatory ramifications that must be accounted for if ethical, moral and secure use of these technologies is to be ensured. Economic viability, too, must be evaluated, taking into consideration production costs, scalability, market demand and future market potential. We suggest that processing of cyanobacterial proteins in downstream stages need further development. Effective and economical methods are needed for protein extraction, purification, and formulation into commercially viable products. For successful application of cyanobacterial protein production at scale, such obstacles must be overcome. We conclude that genetic engineering of cyanobacteria for protein synthesis has a great deal of potential to offer a resource-effective and sustainable replacement for the synthesis of high-value proteins, so promoting a more sustainable and environmentally conscious future.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140145687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of husk traits in maize susceptibility to Fusarium verticillioides: A multi-location study in northern Italy","authors":"Andrea Magarini,&nbsp;Federico Colombo,&nbsp;Elena Cassani,&nbsp;Martina Ghidoli,&nbsp;Michela Landoni,&nbsp;Stefano Sangiorgio,&nbsp;Roberto Pilu","doi":"10.1002/fes3.537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.537","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fusarium disease and the consequent mycotoxin accumulation pose significant problem in maize cultivation, with fumonisins produced by <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> posing a global health concern. To address this issue, a range of preventive measures (e.g. crop management techniques) can be implemented to minimize fungal infections. A promising strategy to counteract this issue involves the selection of genotypes with greater resistance to fungal pathogens. This approach has the potential to reduce the reliance on chemical inputs for controlling fungus growth or indirect infection vectors. Leveraging genetic approaches can help improve the economic sustainability of agriculture in the face of climate change challenges. In the present work, we assessed the importance of two husk leaf traits (coverage and number), their association with <i>F. verticillioides</i> infection, fumonisin content, and their potential influence on crop yield. The study was conducted in three locations in the North of Italy and 38 hybrids with varying resistance to <i>F. Verticillioides</i> were compared. The results obtained showed that husk coverage has a pivotal role not only in protecting maize ears from <i>Fusarium</i> infection but have also a significant impact on crop yield: a significant positive correlation was found between husk coverage and yield in all three locations (<i>r</i> = 0.33185; <i>r</i> = 0.51327 and <i>r</i> = 0.51207, respectively). Furthermore, in the field of Vicenza, a significant negative correlation was found between husk coverage and Fusarium severity (<i>r</i> = −0.41492). Husk coverage emerges as an important trait that merits inclusion in maize breeding programs, given its protective role against fungal infections and its favourable influence on both yield and grain quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.537","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140123696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of agricultural intensification on the genetic diversity of Helicoverpa armigera","authors":"Hongying Cui,&nbsp;Zhaoke Dong,&nbsp;Yingying Song,&nbsp;Wenxiu Guo,&nbsp;Yi Yu,&nbsp;Lili Li,&nbsp;Suhong Lv,&nbsp;Xingyuan Men","doi":"10.1002/fes3.525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.525","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agricultural intensification affects natural and crop ecosystems, and increases the risk of agricultural pests in agroecosystems. <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest that damages a wide range of crops. However, the effect of agricultural intensification on the genetic diversity of this pest is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of the composition and configuration of the landscape on the genetic diversity of the agricultural pest <i>H. armigera</i> based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) analyses. In total, 10 haplotypes were found in 2016 and 15 haplotypes in 2021 based on COI genes. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were the highest in the Anqiu (AQ) region during 2016 and in the Bincheng (BC) region during 2021. Haplotype 2 and haplotype 3 (Hap2 and Hap3) were the dominant haplotypes in the <i>H. armigera</i> population. Agricultural intensification had no effect on the genetic diversity of <i>H. armigera</i> between 2016 and 2021. Our study highlights the effect of agricultural intensification on the genetic diversity of <i>H. armigera</i>. Understanding the genetic consequences of agricultural intensification is essential for the green control of agricultural pests and the sustainable development of agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140114232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building forests for the future","authors":"A. Robert MacKenzie,&nbsp;Sami Ullah,&nbsp;Christine H. Foyer","doi":"10.1002/fes3.518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.518","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many governments have set ambitious targets for tree planting and increased woodland cover as a key part of actions to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. However, many uncertainties remain concerning how and where to expand tree cover, what species to plant, and how best to manage new plantations. Much contemporary forestry has been based on even-aged monocultures, largely because of perceived advantages for timber production. However, in order to play a key role in climate change mitigation future forests will have to achieve timber production (and wider ecosystem service provision) alongside resilience to biotic and abiotic challenge. It is therefore crucial that appropriate informed decisions are made with regard to the structure, composition, and planning of future forests, in order to provide sustainable solutions that provide environmental, economic, and health benefits to society. Genetically diverse, mixed, and irregular forests, with their higher biodiversity and niche complementarity, are promising new forest configurations for regulating the water cycle, storing carbon, and delivering other goods and services. In the following discussion, we have used UK information to illustrate the benefits of mixed woodland versus monocultures and highlighted current issues related to government initiatives and policies for current and future forests. However, similar issues and problems are encountered globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.518","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140043180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}