Food and Energy Security最新文献

{"title":"Seminal root angle is associated with root system architecture in durum wheat","authors":"Yichen Kang,&nbsp;Charlotte Rambla,&nbsp;Shanice V. Haeften,&nbsp;Brendan Fu,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Akinlade,&nbsp;Andries B. Potgieter,&nbsp;Andrew K. Borrell,&nbsp;Emma Mace,&nbsp;David R. Jordan,&nbsp;Samir Alahmad,&nbsp;Lee T. Hickey","doi":"10.1002/fes3.570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.570","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Optimal root system architecture (RSA) is critical for efficient resource capture in soils, hence being an interest in crop breeding. Seminal root angle (SRA) at the seedling stage in durum wheat has been suggested to be a good indicator of RSA. However, research on correlating such laboratory-based seedling root phenotyping to RSA at later phases of plant growth is limited, resulting in the importance of root trait variation seen in seedlings often being overstated. To explore the role of SRA in modifying RSA at later phases of plant growth, we assessed 11 genotypes contrasting in SRA (wide and narrow), grown in a rhizobox designed for phenotyping root systems of plants during late-tillering. Aboveground traits and root dry mass in different soil depths and across the entire soil volume were measured manually, while root architectural traits were extracted using image analysis and summarised by multiple factor analysis to describe RSA. When comparing the wide and narrow genotypes, no differences were detected for aboveground traits and total root dry mass. However, differences were observed in the allocation of root dry mass at different depths. The wide and narrow genotypes showed distinct RSAs, particularly in the upper soil (0–30 cm). The wide genotypes exhibited a ‘spread-out’ root system with dense and thin roots, whereas the narrow genotypes had a compact root system with fewer but thicker roots. Our study demonstrated a clear difference in RSA between the wide and narrow genotypes, highlighting the association between SRA on the direction and distribution of root growth in plants at later growth stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green manuring improves soil quality, grain yield, and grain anthocyanin content in colored rice cultivated in tropical regions","authors":"Shaokun Song,&nbsp;Qi Yin,&nbsp;Mohammad Nauman Khan,&nbsp;Tingcheng Zhao,&nbsp;Ke Liu,&nbsp;Matthew Tom Harrison,&nbsp;Ye Tao,&nbsp;Lixiao Nie","doi":"10.1002/fes3.571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.571","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Green manuring is the process by which vegetative crops are incorporated into the soil, and it plays a good substitutable role in reducing chemical fertilizer applications while enhancing soil fertility. Field experiments were conducted at Lingao City of Hainan Province in 2020 and 2021, to evaluate the effects of in situ incorporation of different green manures (fallow (as control), rice, sesbania, and stylosanthes) on soil physical and chemical properties, nitrogen (N) uptake, grain yield, and the grain anthocyanin content in colored rice. Treatments included colored rice cultivated with previous fallow (T0), with previous rice straw manure (T1), with previous sesbania manure (T2), and with previous stylosanthes manure (T3). The seedlings of the colored rice variety Suixiangheinuo were transplanted 23 days after the incorporation of green manure. Our results indicated that both the grain yield and grain anthocyanin content of colored rice were significantly increased when green manure was incorporated into the soil compared to that of the control. Therein, grain yields of T1, T2, and T3 were increased by an average of 12.7%, 29.0%, and 24.5%, respectively, across 2 years in comparison with those of T0. And grain anthocyanin content in colored rice under T1, T2, and T3 was increased by 7.2%–7.5%, 13.9%–24.2%, and 9.8%–20.6%, respectively. In addition, in situ incorporation of leguminous green manure in the soil significantly increased soil fertility and partial factor productivity for N fertilizer. The above results suggested that colored rice crops should be followed in rotation with leguminous green manure, which was beneficial to increasing both grain yield and grain anthocyanin content of colored rice. This research elucidated that the incorporation of leguminous green manure sustained the production of colored rice in tropical regions, which was beneficial to reconcile the relationship between rice production and environmental protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional home garden agro-biodiversity dynamics, agro-ecosystem services, and management practices in smallholder farmers setting, South-Central Ethiopia","authors":"Yihunie Yaregal,&nbsp;Getachew Sime","doi":"10.1002/fes3.569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.569","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Traditional home gardens are rich in agro-biodiversity and are crucial for improving and diversifying the livelihood of smallholder farmers. Though many researches are carried out on home gardens in tropical regions, there are only few studies on the dynamics of traditional home gardens, agro-ecosystem services, indigenous management practices, and roles in mitigating climate shocks, which is the objective of the present study. For the same purpose, three sites were purposively selected out of which 308 sample smallholder households were chosen using a simple random sampling technique for a household survey. Key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations were also used to collect data for cross-checking the data collected through the house hold survey. Results demonstrate that there was a wide-ranging diversity of crops in traditional home garden landscape. Both annual and perennial crops were incorporated into the home gardens to enhance their multiple agro- ecosystem services, including enhancing resilience to climate shocks. They ranged from herbaceous to large trees and food to cash crops. The primary agro-ecosystem services that the home garden agro-biodiversity delivered were diversifying the sources of food, income, and medicine, as well as improving food security. Home gardens were largely managed by indigenous knowledge, including hand weeding, manure and compost application, nursery preparation, fencing, and flood run-off control. The agro-biodiversity in traditional home gardens is more diverse, dynamic, and resilient to climate shocks. Nonetheless, they are neglected hotspots of agro-biodiversity and sociocultural diversity. In conclusion, the agro-biodiversity in traditional home gardens promotes food availability, accessibility, and utilization virtually all year round as well as contributes to the preservation of agricultural genetic and cultural diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141966913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron biofortification in cereal crops: Recent progress and prospects","authors":"Usman Zulfiqar,&nbsp;Aqsa Ayub,&nbsp;Saddam Hussain,&nbsp;Muhammad Ahmad,&nbsp;Abdul Rehman,&nbsp;Muhammad Ishfaq,&nbsp;Muhammad Fraz Ali,&nbsp;Muhammad Shabaan,&nbsp;Jean Wan Hong Yong","doi":"10.1002/fes3.547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.547","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Micronutrient malnutrition is one of the major causes of human disorders in the developing world. Iron (Fe) is an important micronutrient due to its use in human metabolism such as immune system and energy production. Estimates indicate that above 30% of the global population is at risk of Fe deficiency, posing a particular threat to infants and pregnant women. Plants have adapted various strategies for uptake, transport, accumulation, and storage of Fe in tissues and organs which later can be consumed by humans. Biofortification refers to increase in micronutrient concentration in edible parts of plants and understanding the pathways for Fe accumulation in plants. Conventional plant breeding, transgenics, agronomic interventions, and microbe-mediated biofortification are all potential methods to address Fe deficiency. This review article critically evaluates key aspects pertaining to Fe biofortification in cereal crops. It encompasses an in-depth analysis of the holistic presence of Fe, its significance in both human and plant contexts, and the diverse strategies employed in Fe uptake, transport, accumulation, and storage in plant parts destined for human consumption. Additionally, the article explores the bioavailability of Fe and investigates strategies for biofortification, with a specific emphasis on both traditional methods and recent breakthroughs aimed at enhancing the Fe content in food crops. Keeping in view the significance of Fe for human life, appropriate biofortification strategies may serve better to eliminate hidden hunger rather than its artificial supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen and phosphorus interactions at a 21 nitrogen:1 phosphorus Redfield-like ratio impact growth and seed yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"S. S. Marques da Silva,&nbsp;L. Faizullah,&nbsp;M. S. Guignard,&nbsp;N. Orcen,&nbsp;A. V. Ruban,&nbsp;P. J. Rudall,&nbsp;M. Trimmer,&nbsp;R. A. Nichols,&nbsp;I. J. Leitch,&nbsp;A. R. Leitch","doi":"10.1002/fes3.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.564","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Efficient use of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is essential to reduce fertilizer costs and nutrient pollution and to lower the carbon footprint of agriculture. This requires a better understanding of N and P limitations on photosynthesis and biomass generation in one of the world's most important crops, wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>). In a fully factorial nutrient experiment, we find that the limiting nutrient, N or P, at a Redfield-like N:P ratio (21N:1P molar) produces the ‘effective dose of fertilizer’ for the generation of above-ground biomass (seed or vegetative). Best-fit structural equation models showed that neither N nor P applied in excess of 21N:1P led to any increase in biomass. The light (qP, NPQ) and dark (<i>A</i>_max, <i>V</i>_cmax, <i>J</i>_max) reactions of photosynthesis are also constrained by the limiting nutrient at the 21N:1P Redfield-like ratio. Beyond this ratio, ‘excess N’ or ‘excess P’ had no effects. The direct effects of the ‘effective dose of fertilizer’ on the accumulation of biomass were stronger than its indirect effects via photosynthesis, likely driven by the N and P costs in building nucleic acids needed for cell division, cell maintenance and RNA transcription. Modern composite fertilizers are typically provided at a much higher P content than a 21N:1P ratio, potentially resulting in a huge global wastage of P, a finite resource, with all the concomitant costs to the farmer, consumer and the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating organic fertilization and soil tillage techniques to enhance the nutritional attributes of “Royal” grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv.)","authors":"Ozkan Kaya,&nbsp;Fadime Ates,&nbsp;Selda Daler,&nbsp;Nurhan Keskin,&nbsp;Metin Turan","doi":"10.1002/fes3.562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.562","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the context of global efforts to improve food quality against the backdrop of climate change and increasing demands for food, this study sought to investigate the influence of tillage and fertilization methods on essential nutritional components. Thus, this extensive investigation into the variability of organic acid, sugar, and vitamin content within berries over the years 2020 to 2022 shows the critical influence of agricultural practices on the nutritional quality of grape. Our findings revealed significant fluctuations in the levels of various organic acids, with oxalic and propionic acids seeing a notable increase in 2022, while tartaric, citric, and maleic acids decreased. Similarly, a significant rise in sucrose, glucose, and fructose levels was documented by 2022, alongside a variable trend in vitamin content. The PCA results revealed a clear impact of tillage and organic amendments on the biochemical composition of Royal grapes. Heatmap findings confirmed the results obtained from PCA and showed that certain treatments resulted in high organic acid content, while others resulted in high sugar content. However, disc harrow and olive blackwater 2021 followed by disc harrow and Antep radish 2021 and no-tillage broccoli 2020 were the best treatments with a balanced distribution of organic acids, soluble sugars, and vitamins among all treatments. On the other hand, chisel and olive blackwater '20 was the treatment with the lowest ratio of organic acids, sugars, and vitamins, followed by chisel and Antep radish 2020. These results show that the concentration of organic acids, soluble sugars, and vitamins in grapes is more affected by the tillage method than the type of organic fertilizer used. To sum up, our study holds valuable implications for viticulture and agriculture at large, highlighting the potential to tailor farming practices for enhanced nutritional outcomes. Such advancements not only promise to elevate the quality of agricultural produce but also contribute to the broader objective of achieving food security and nutritional adequacy, thus offering a roadmap for future research and practice in sustainable agriculture and viticulture.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic dissection of minerals and phytate content in pearl millet germplasm panel using genome-wide association study","authors":"Satbeer Singh,&nbsp;Hanna Rose Manwaring,&nbsp;Aavula Naveen,&nbsp;Matthew Hegarty,&nbsp;Rattan S. Yadav","doi":"10.1002/fes3.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.565","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Billions of people around the world suffer from malnutrition, leading to severe adverse health effects. Pearl millet (<i>Pennisetum glaucum</i>) is a multifaceted versatile crop with excellent nutritional profile which can help to combat nutritional disorders and climate change. In this study, we evaluated the global pearl millet germplasm panel known as PMiGAP for natural variation and genetic maker trait associations for important minerals, that is, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium along with phytate. The genotypes IP-15947, IP-5121, IP-4020, IP-12768, IP-5695, IP-8786 and IP-11310 were found to be superior for majority of minerals examined but had lower phytate-to-zinc ratio. Phytate/mineral molar ratios are typically used to predict the bioavailability of iron and calcium contents in grains, and surprisingly none of the PMiGAP genotypes showed such ratios below threshold indicating PMiGAP entries studied in this study seriously suffer from bioavailability issues of these minerals. On the other hand, 73 genotypes had lower zinc/phytate ratio than the threshold in the germplasm panel. Iron and zinc content had significant positive association among them but phytate content in general was not significantly correlated with minerals except for magnesium and potassium. A genome-wide association study using 456 K SNPs identified 74 significant marker–trait associations and 59 candidate genes around 50 Kb distance near the significant SNPs. Ten significant SNPs were found within the candidate genes. The associated markers and the candidate genes provide new insights into the genetic architecture of the mineral traits studied and will facilitate marker-assisted selection to accelerate breeding of such minerals in future varieties to combat rising malnutrition problem via diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.565","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa's food systems: Diversification, traceability, capacity building and technology for overcoming challenges","authors":"Solomon Abate Mekonnen,&nbsp;Dassalegn Daraje Jalata,&nbsp;Helen Onyeaka","doi":"10.1002/fes3.563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.563","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review explores the intricate landscape of food system resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on the region's unique challenges and vulnerabilities. SSA confronts a myriad of obstacles, including climate change impacts, inadequate infrastructure and limited access to resources. Nevertheless, our analysis reveals promising drivers of food system resilience that offer a path forward. We emphasize the substantial potential inherent in SSA countries to bolster food system resilience (FSR). Abundant agricultural resources, genetic diversity and a youthful population represent untapped assets that can transform the region's food systems. Strategies such as diversifying suppliers, empowering local farmers and reducing reliance on external sources emerge as pivotal steps to fortify SSA's food system resilience. These initiatives enhance self-sufficiency and foster economic growth and sustainable practices throughout SSA. Furthermore, our review underscores the crucial role of educational programmes and farmer training initiatives in building local capacity. Equipping communities with sustainable agricultural practices and market insights at the grassroots level reinforces resilience. Additionally, knowledge-sharing platforms and stakeholder collaboration bridge gaps and facilitate the dissemination of best practices. In the digital age, harnessing technology and data becomes paramount in strengthening SSA's food system resilience. Digital tools and data-driven approaches offer valuable insights and support adaptive strategies. By integrating these multifaceted drivers, SSA can embark on a comprehensive and holistic journey towards a more resilient and secure food system.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between dry matter accumulation and maize yield in Southwest China","authors":"Xixi Dong,&nbsp;Yun Ren,&nbsp;Lin Shi,&nbsp;Shuqin Bao,&nbsp;Xingying Chai,&nbsp;Qiang Li,&nbsp;Linzheng Liao","doi":"10.1002/fes3.566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.566","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To explore the differences in dry matter accumulation and yield of maize varieties having different nitrogen-use efficiencies in Southwest China, a field experiment was conducted in Yongchuan, Chongqing, and Deyang, Sichuan, from 2019 to 2020. Two varieties, the nitrogen-efficient Zhenghong 311 (ZH 311) and the nitrogen-inefficient Xianyu 508 (XY 508), were tested across four nitrogen levels (0–360 kg ha⁻¹). The results showed that compared to XY 508, ZH 311 exhibited a significantly higher accumulation of dry matter at various stages and periods, particularly in the roots during the R6 stage, and in the stem sheaths and leaves throughout all stages. Furthermore, the number of kernel rows, number of kernels per row, number of kernels per ear, and grain yield were significantly higher for ZH 311 than XY 508, whereas the 100-grain weight was significantly lower for ZH 311 than XY 508. The yield difference between the two varieties was the largest when the nitrogen application rate was 240 kg ha⁻¹. The yield performance of ZH 311 was always better than that of XY 508, and less nitrogen was needed to obtain the best yield. The accumulation of maize dry matter had a highly significant effect on the number of kernel rows, kernels per row, and kernels per ear, and grain yield. The direct effect of the number of kernels per ear on grain yield was very low. However, it affected grain yield through the number of kernel rows and kernels per row. The dry matter accumulation of V6−V12 and R3−R6 contributed the most to grain yield, while in vegetative organs, the effect of leaf dry matter accumulation and yield was the greatest. This investigation will provide insights into factors affecting variations in maize yield under low nitrogen conditions and offer guidance for N-fertilizer management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Perennial Green Revolution to address 21st-century food insecurity and malnutrition","authors":"Jacob D. Paul,&nbsp;Tymofiy Lutsiv,&nbsp;Henry J. Thompson","doi":"10.1002/fes3.568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.568","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Farming practices of the past century have dramatically increased annual crop yields to unprecedented levels but have consequentially created increasing ecological and public health concerns, posing a long-term threat to global food security. Soil tillage and chemical inputs perpetuate soil erosion, biodiversity loss, wetlands eutrophication, carbon emissions, and other farming stressors. Concomitantly, accompanying poor dietary patterns and malnutrition increase the risk for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, which account for greater than 70% of global mortality per annum. Altogether, such annual monocropping systems exacerbate food insecurity, necessitating action across the fields of public health, agriculture, nutrition, medicine, and environmental ecology, that is, a transdisciplinary approach. Herein, we argue that the perennialization of crops creates an opportunity to address the challenges of environmental sustainability and nutritional adequacy economically. Unlike annuals, perennial crops have deeper roots for increased drought tolerance and reduced needs for fertilization and irrigation. Adopting perenniality can result in greater drought tolerance and improved soil health while reducing erosion, farming labor, and seed purchasing. Furthermore, perennializing novel staple crops may offer a superior and diverse dietary profile of phytochemicals, fiber, and macronutrients compared to conventional annuals. Instead of traditional perennial tree crops, we focus on intermediate wheatgrass Kernza® (<i>Thinopyrum intermedium</i>) and sunflowers (<i>Helianthus tuberosus</i>, <i>H</i>. <i>maximiliani</i>, and <i>Silphium integrifolium</i>) as exemplars of perennial staple food crops for grain and oil, respectively, at different stages of perennial crop commercialization. Ultimately, we discuss how integrating perenniality has the potential to revolutionize global agriculture and address food security concerns for the remainder of the 21st century.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.568","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}