Food and Energy Security最新文献

Combined Transcriptomics and Metabolomics to Analyze the Response of Foxtail Millet Under Salt Stress in Conjunction With Different Soil Amelioration Techniques 结合转录组学和代谢组学分析谷子对盐胁迫及不同土壤改良技术的响应

IF 4.5 2区农林科学

Food and Energy Security Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.70130

Mengni Ma, Shilu Cao, Lin Kang, Hui Zhang, Shuai Meng, Wenjie Bai, Shuai Zhang, Enlong Shen, Xiaoming Wang, Guangyu Fan

{"title":"Combined Transcriptomics and Metabolomics to Analyze the Response of Foxtail Millet Under Salt Stress in Conjunction With Different Soil Amelioration Techniques","authors":"Mengni Ma, Shilu Cao, Lin Kang, Hui Zhang, Shuai Meng, Wenjie Bai, Shuai Zhang, Enlong Shen, Xiaoming Wang, Guangyu Fan","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70130","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinization is a major global issue severely affecting agricultural production and ecosystem balance. Although combining different cultivation techniques can alleviate the harm of salt stress to crops to some extent, the specific metabolic mechanisms by which crops adapt to salt stress remain incompletely understood. This study focuses on uncovering this crucial mechanism and conducts an in-depth exploration by integrating and analyzing the transcriptomic and metabolomic data of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) subjected to salt stress under different combinations of soil amelioration techniques. These results show that the combined application of organic fertilizers and soil amendments significantly enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and peroxidase [POD]) and promotes the accumulation of osmotic regulators (soluble proteins and proline) in salt-stressed foxtail millet. Moreover, in the soil with biochar added, the content of the flavonoid compound kaempferol increases significantly, while in the soil with only organic fertilizers or soil amendments applied, the content of kaempferol decreases significantly. This study also reveals that the expression patterns of key genes in the flavonoid synthesis pathway are consistent with the accumulation of corresponding metabolites, and a large number of transcription factors are involved in the salt stress response process. These results suggest that under salt stress, different soil amelioration techniques in combination can strengthen the antioxidant defense system and adjust the flavonoid metabolic pathway to enhance the salt-stress resistance of foxtail millet, providing an effective strategy for enhancing crop productivity on saline soils.","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145224395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reassessing Food Security: How a Data-Efficient 4As Framework and Machine Learning Uncover Hidden Patterns Across G20 Nations 重新评估粮食安全：数据高效的4a框架和机器学习如何揭示G20国家的隐藏模式

IF 4.5 2区农林科学

Food and Energy Security Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.70142

Linmei Shang, Changfeng Lin, Ruike Ye, Zhongyuan Li, Yejing Zhang, Ademola Braimoh

{"title":"Reassessing Food Security: How a Data-Efficient 4As Framework and Machine Learning Uncover Hidden Patterns Across G20 Nations","authors":"Linmei Shang, Changfeng Lin, Ruike Ye, Zhongyuan Li, Yejing Zhang, Ademola Braimoh","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70142","url":null,"abstract":"Food security is a global challenge that demands a systematic approach to inform effective policymaking. However, empirical country-level food security studies remain scarce because of data limitations. To bridge this gap, we first develop a data-efficient National Food Security Index (NFSI) by innovatively adapting the 4As framework (availability, affordability, accessibility, and acceptability) of energy security. The weights of indicators in the framework are determined by an expert survey. The index is then applied to G20 members, and a clustering algorithm on the basis of machine learning uncovers several hidden patterns. The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) agricultural productivity, food affordability, and natural resource endowment are perceived as most crucial in determining food security; (2) Australia, the USA, France, the UK, and Germany consistently exhibit strong food security, whereas India, Mexico, Russia, and Indonesia trail behind. EU members demonstrate substantial improvements in sustainability, contrasting with mixed progress patterns observed in other major economies; and (3) five clusters are identified: leading performer (USA), resilient performers (like Canada and Germany), innovative performers (China, Japan, and South Korea), moderate performers (like Saudi Arabia and South Africa), and vulnerable performers (India and Indonesia). Tailored policy recommendations are provided for each cluster.","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Response of Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Metabolism Characteristics to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Different Yield-Type Rice Varieties 不同产量型水稻品种氮素利用效率及代谢特性对氮肥的响应

IF 4.5 2区农林科学

Food and Energy Security Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.70143

Yanhong Zhang, Tong Sun, Yan Ru, Tan Su, Hongcheng Zhang, Jinyan Zhu, Jinlong Hu, Qiangqiang Xiong, Nianbing Zhou

{"title":"Response of Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Metabolism Characteristics to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Different Yield-Type Rice Varieties","authors":"Yanhong Zhang, Tong Sun, Yan Ru, Tan Su, Hongcheng Zhang, Jinyan Zhu, Jinlong Hu, Qiangqiang Xiong, Nianbing Zhou","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70143","url":null,"abstract":"A two-year field experiment (2022–2023) was conducted in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China, to quantify the response of two contrasting rice yield types to increasing nitrogen (N) supply. Three N rates were imposed: 225 kg ha−1 (N1), 270 kg ha−1 (N2), and 315 kg ha−1 (N3). Across the N1–N3 gradient, supplementary N significantly increased grain yield, total N accumulation (NA), and N translocation. Activities of key N-metabolizing enzymes—nitrate reductase (NR), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and ferredoxin-dependent GOGAT (Fd-GOGAT)—were also markedly enhanced, indicating improved N assimilation. Throughout grain filling, the high-yielding variety (HYV) maintained superior NR and GOGAT activities relative to the low-yielding variety (LYV). Fd-GOGAT activity in HYV was slightly lower than in LYV at heading (0 DAH) and mid-grain filling (22 DAH), but exceeded LYV levels at maturity (44 DAH). All enzyme activities declined progressively with advancing phenology. Yield was strongly positively correlated with total nitrogen accumulation (NA) (r = 0.958**, p < 0.01), soluble-protein content, GOGAT, and NR activities. Consequently, high NA, elevated soluble-protein concentrations, and sustained GOGAT/NR activities during grain filling constitute robust physiological indicators for identifying high-yielding rice genotypes.","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145146648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of a Small-Grain-Weight Variety Grown Under Different Nitrogen and Seeding Rates in Direct-Seeded Rice in South China 不同施氮量和播种量下华南小粒重水稻产量和氮素利用效率

IF 4.5 2区农林科学

Food and Energy Security Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.70139

Xinyu Wang, Youqiang Fu, Qi Ruan, Xiangyu Hu, Junfeng Pan, Yanzhuo Liu, Rui Hu, Meijuan Li, Qunhuan Ye, Yuanhong Yin, Kaiming Liang, Xuhua Zhong

{"title":"Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of a Small-Grain-Weight Variety Grown Under Different Nitrogen and Seeding Rates in Direct-Seeded Rice in South China","authors":"Xinyu Wang, Youqiang Fu, Qi Ruan, Xiangyu Hu, Junfeng Pan, Yanzhuo Liu, Rui Hu, Meijuan Li, Qunhuan Ye, Yuanhong Yin, Kaiming Liang, Xuhua Zhong","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70139","url":null,"abstract":"Small-grain-weight rice varieties are popular in South China. However, to maintain grain yields comparable to medium-grain-weight varieties, adjustments in nitrogen (N) and seeding rate management may be necessary. In this study, the small-grain-weight variety Mabayinzhan was direct-seeded in a three-season field experiment conducted from 2022 to 2023 in Qujiang County, Guangdong Province, South China, using four N rates and three seeding rates. The results showed that grain yield and grain weight ranged from 3.45 to 7.95 t ha−1 and from 11.4 to 14.1 mg, respectively, across all treatments with N application. The variation in grain yield was primarily attributed to differences in spikelets per m2, biomass production, and grain weight. Grain yield generally increased with higher N rates, but no significant difference was observed across the range of seeding rates. The grain yield responded more strongly to N rate than to seeding rate. The decrease in grain yield resulting from lower N rates could not be compensated by increasing seeding rate. While dense planting with reduced N application could improve N use efficiency (NUE), the increase in NUE was due to the reduced N rate rather than the seeding rate. Our findings indicate that high seeding rates are not essential for achieving high yields with a small-grain-weight rice variety. Moreover, increasing planting density while reducing N application may not be optimal for small-grain-weight inbred rice production under direct seeding conditions in South China.","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increasing Shelf-Life and Reducing Postharvest Loss of Nutrient-Rich Foods: An Assessment of the Potential for Solar Chimney Dryers in Rural Bangladesh 增加营养丰富食品的保质期和减少采后损失：对孟加拉国农村太阳能烟囱烘干机潜力的评估

IF 4.5 2区农林科学

Food and Energy Security Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.70141

Abu Hayat Md. Saiful Islam, Robin Shrestha, Sabi Gurung, Shibani Ghosh, Steven Vosti, Patrick Webb

{"title":"Increasing Shelf-Life and Reducing Postharvest Loss of Nutrient-Rich Foods: An Assessment of the Potential for Solar Chimney Dryers in Rural Bangladesh","authors":"Abu Hayat Md. Saiful Islam, Robin Shrestha, Sabi Gurung, Shibani Ghosh, Steven Vosti, Patrick Webb","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70141","url":null,"abstract":"Postharvest food losses represent a significant challenge worldwide. Enhanced solar drying technologies are a promising way to reduce losses of perishable foods, thereby enhancing accessibility and potentially increasing dietary diversity. This paper assesses the field-level performance of one chimney dryer design used for drying vegetables, fruits, and fish in rural Bangladesh. A mixed-methods research design was used for this study, including qualitative data analysis based on focus group discussions (FGD) and key informants' interviews (KII), coupled with detailed real-world quantitative assessments of the benefit–cost ratio (BCR), net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR) associated with the technologies tested. The chimneys were introduced in three locations of southwestern Bangladesh and used by 35 smallholder households. The IRR was found to be relatively high, resulting in profitability within 2 years of operation, depending on the food items selected for moisture removal through the chimney dryers. Two of the three dryers had a BCR > 1, and all three showed positive NPV values. However, none of the chimneys were used at full capacity. These findings suggest that such dryers are both technologically and economically viable, by accelerating drying times, improving food quality and market value, and reducing food losses in the process. The potential exists for enhancing local diets with dried nutrient-rich foods. Promotion of solar chimney dryer technologies could represent an important value-chain investment benefiting adopting households and food purchasers. The economic case would be stronger still if such technologies were used at full capacity for the drying of high-value perishable foods having high demand in local markets.","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate Change Effects on a Diverse Set of Winter Wheat Evaluated Traditionally and With Machine Learning 气候变化对多种冬小麦的影响传统评估和机器学习

IF 4.5 2区农林科学

Food and Energy Security Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.70116

Yuzhou Lan, Aakash Chawade, Ramune Kuktaite, Eva Johansson

{"title":"Climate Change Effects on a Diverse Set of Winter Wheat Evaluated Traditionally and With Machine Learning","authors":"Yuzhou Lan, Aakash Chawade, Ramune Kuktaite, Eva Johansson","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70116","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of drought, which hampers wheat productivity from meeting the growing food demand worldwide. Therefore, improvements in yield under drought are urgently needed. This work evaluated a diverse set of 77 winter-wheat lines for two image-based early vigor traits and 15 mature traits of diverse winter-wheat lines. Early and late drought treatments were applied 12 and 65 days after vernalization, respectively. Further, a machine-learning-assisted phenotyping technique was adopted to measure spike area. Old Swedish cultivars showed the lowest early root vigor (4.92 cm) and large root biomass at maturity (5.25 g). No positive correlation was found between root biomass and yield components under the control condition. A high mean of grain yield was obtained in 1RS (9.8 g/plant), 2RL (9.5 g/plant), and cfAD99 (9.5 g/plant) genotypes under control. When including stability across control and two drought treatments, NGB, 1RS, 2RL, and cfAD99 genotypes showed the best performance. Peduncle length, root biomass, and NDVI positively contributed to the grain yield of 2RL genotypes under early drought, while 1000-grain weight and root biomass accounted for the high grain yield of 1RS genotypes under late drought. The image-based spike area measured by a machine-learning model correlated strongly to the yield component grain number (R2 = 0.70***). Furthermore, combined with yield reduction results, the spike area results suggested increased sterility (empty spikes) as the main cause of drought-induced yield loss instead of changes in spike size. Further integration of traditional measurements, modern phenotyping, and computational image analysis is needed to accelerate evaluations of plant traits under drought conditions. Genes potentially governing drought tolerance can be identified in these diverse lines.","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Global Cassava Germplasm Resources: Industrial and Technological Development 全球木薯种质资源：产业与技术发展

IF 4.5 2区农林科学

Food and Energy Security Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.70131

Jiaxi Li, Yang Liu, Yanwen Tan, Liangshan Yang

{"title":"Global Cassava Germplasm Resources: Industrial and Technological Development","authors":"Jiaxi Li, Yang Liu, Yanwen Tan, Liangshan Yang","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70131","url":null,"abstract":"The main cassava-producing regions include Africa, South America, Southeast Asia, and China. Due to significant differences in natural environments, industrial backgrounds, and technological resources for germplasm development across these regions, the utilization of cassava germplasm resources shows regional variation. Currently, main approaches to cassava germplasm development and utilization include traditional breeding methods such as selective breeding, mutation breeding, and hybrid breeding, as well as modern techniques like marker-assisted selection, genome editing, and genetic modification. Regionally, Africa mainly focuses on developing germplasm resources that improve resistance to environmental stress, enhance nutritional content, and strengthen pest and disease resistance. South America primarily emphasizes cultivating edible cassava germplasm. Southeast Asia prioritizes screening high-quality germplasm and developing high-yield, high-starch, and disease-resistant varieties. China concentrates on germplasm development aligned with food security strategies and high-quality edible cassava varieties. In the future, modern breeding technologies will be vital in advancing cassava germplasm development and use. Disease and pest resistance traits will become essential qualities for high-quality cassava germplasm. Additionally, different major cassava-producing regions should tailor their germplasm development strategies to their specific industrial needs and regional characteristics.","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Race to Flourish: Evaluating Natural Variation of Early Growth Rates in Rice 繁荣的竞赛：评价水稻早期生长速率的自然变异

IF 4.5 2区农林科学

Food and Energy Security Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.70133

Yadi Fan, Zhuo Chen, Xianke Yang, Kehui Cui, Jianliang Huang, Shaobing Peng, Xiaoxia Ling, Dongliang Xiong

{"title":"The Race to Flourish: Evaluating Natural Variation of Early Growth Rates in Rice","authors":"Yadi Fan, Zhuo Chen, Xianke Yang, Kehui Cui, Jianliang Huang, Shaobing Peng, Xiaoxia Ling, Dongliang Xiong","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70133","url":null,"abstract":"Direct-seeded rice is a promising practice for sustainable rice productivity due to its ability to enhance ecosystem services. The use of rice varieties with shorter growth periods has become crucial for effective crop rotation. However, shorter growth periods often result in lower grain yields. Enhancing early growth in these short-duration rice varieties could help offset yield losses, but the genetic potential for early growth remains largely untapped. In this study, we investigated early growth in 90 rice genotypes under field conditions. Significant variation in plant growth was observed at 15, 25, and 35 days after sowing (DAS), with differences becoming more pronounced over time. Seed size had no significant effect on variation in growth rate. Hierarchical clustering analysis grouped the genotypes into five distinct growth patterns: Consistently Slow, Early Surge, Steady Moderate, Delayed Vigor, and Consistently Rapid. These patterns exhibited distinct trends in absolute growth rate (AGR) and relative growth rate (RGR). The Consistently Rapid and Early Surge groups showed higher early growth, whereas Delayed Vigor displayed accelerated growth at later stages. Contrary to traditional assumptions, the RGR during the early growth stage was not constant but varied significantly over time. RGR was primarily correlated with net assimilation rate (NAR) rather than leaf mass ratio (LMR) or specific leaf area (SLA). Size-standardized RGR and its components followed similar trends, indicating consistent growth dynamics across genotypes. These findings highlight distinct early growth patterns among rice genotypes, providing valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at improving early vigor and optimizing yield in short-duration rice varieties.","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dietary Ophiopogon japonicus Fibrous Root Byproduct Enhances In Vitro Rumen Fermentation, Antioxidant Status, and Microbiota in Yaks 饲粮麦冬纤维根副产物提高牦牛体外瘤胃发酵、抗氧化能力和微生物群

IF 4.5 2区农林科学

Food and Energy Security Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.70132

Xungang Wang, Jun Wang, Qian Zhang, Tongqing Guo, Shixiao Xu

{"title":"Dietary Ophiopogon japonicus Fibrous Root Byproduct Enhances In Vitro Rumen Fermentation, Antioxidant Status, and Microbiota in Yaks","authors":"Xungang Wang, Jun Wang, Qian Zhang, Tongqing Guo, Shixiao Xu","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70132","url":null,"abstract":"The tuberous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus are well-known Chinese traditional herbal medicine. However, as a byproduct, the fibrous roots of O. japonicus (FROJ) are discarded during the production process, resulting in a waste of resources. Existing studies have demonstrated that the FROJ serves as an important resource for functional food and pharmaceutical applications. However, the application effects of FROJ as a feed resource in livestock remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of FROJ on in vitro ruminal fermentation, antioxidant capacity, and microbial communities in yaks. The results showed that dietary FROJ significantly increased the total volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the proportion of acetic acid, and propionic acid compared to the hay group. Furthermore, dietary FROJ significantly reduced the yak's rumen malondialdehyde (MDA) content and significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the rumen fluid. It also significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and unclassified_Lachnospiraceae, as well as the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in yak rumen. Spearman's correlation analysis of the microbiota, rumen fermentation parameters, and antioxidant capacity revealed positive and negative regulatory mechanisms. In conclusion, dietary FROJ can improve ruminal fermentation and antioxidant capacity in yaks, and this improvement may be associated with an increase in potentially beneficial microbiota. Our findings indicate that the FROJ can be utilized as a feed supplement for ruminants, serving to enhance their immune responses and alleviate the resource wastage.","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Soil Physicochemical Properties and Fruit Production of Rosa roxburghii With Biochar-Based Fertilizer in Karst Agricultural Systems 喀斯特农业系统中生物炭基肥料对刺梨土壤理化性质和果实产量的影响

IF 4.5 2区农林科学

Food and Energy Security Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.70138

Yangzhou Xiang, Jun Luo, Ying Liu, Yang Luo, Nanthi Bolan, Jing Fan, Narasinha J. Shurpali, Hem Raj Bhattarai, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Yuan Li

{"title":"Enhancing Soil Physicochemical Properties and Fruit Production of Rosa roxburghii With Biochar-Based Fertilizer in Karst Agricultural Systems","authors":"Yangzhou Xiang, Jun Luo, Ying Liu, Yang Luo, Nanthi Bolan, Jing Fan, Narasinha J. Shurpali, Hem Raj Bhattarai, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Yuan Li","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70138","url":null,"abstract":"The development of sustainable agricultural practices in Karst regions faces significant challenges due to inherent soil limitations and complex terrain characteristics. This study investigated the effects of biochar-based fertilizers on soil properties and fruit quality of chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghii) in Southwest China's Karst region. Three biochar types derived from R. roxburghii pomace (RPB), discarded mushroom substrate (DMB), and chili straw (CSB) were evaluated at five application rates in combination with conventional fertilizers (with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium). Results revealed that the RPB4 treatment (70% biochar) significantly enhanced soil moisture content (61.37%), organic matter content (22.73%), and available nitrogen (22.74%) compared to controls. Fruit quality parameters showed significant improvements under optimal biochar treatments, with vitamin C content increasing by 67.94% (DMB4), total flavonoids by 120.06% (RPB4), and soluble sugars by 148.69% (RPB4). Structural equation modeling revealed significant direct effects of biochar application on soil water content (Standardized path coefficient = 0.60) and pH (0.80). Principal component analysis identified RPB4 as the optimal treatment combination, explaining 69.328% of total variance in soil and fruit properties. These findings provide quantitative evidence for the efficacy of biochar-based fertilizers in improving both soil quality and fruit characteristics in Karst agricultural systems, while establishing optimal application rates for sustainable orchard management.","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0