Food and Energy Security最新文献

{"title":"Morphological, Physiological, and Metabolic Responses of Diverse Barley Inbreds to Dry Down and Moderate Drought Stress","authors":"Asis Shrestha,&nbsp;Tobias König,&nbsp;Lena Adler Meikle,&nbsp;Philipp Westhoff,&nbsp;Alexander Erban,&nbsp;Benjamin Stich","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drought stress alters the plant metabolism, physiology, and growth, and such responses might differ with the intensity of stress. We evaluated the genotypic diversity in plant morphology, photosynthetic responses, metabolite shift, and their relationship in 23 genetically diverse barley inbreds under control, dry down (DD), and moderate drought (MD) stress. DD triggered strong inhibition of photosynthetic health, while reducing plant size was the key strategy under MD stress. We observed that the induced changes under both stress scenarios occurred in a genotype-dependent manner. Compared to control conditions, the metabolism of simple sugars and polyhydroxy acids increased in MD and DD, while the maximum accumulation of amino acids, lipids, and phosphates occurred in DD stress. Accumulation of sugars and metabolites with unknown classification was the metabolic signature of drought-tolerant inbreds. Nevertheless, accumulation of a large pool of metabolites, including lipids, polyhydroxy acids, and amino acids in an inbred did not have a positive effect on drought tolerance and might be metabolically costly. The inbred plants’ tolerance to MD and DD originated from the semi-arid or sub-tropical regions, while drought-sensitive inbreds primarily came from temperate regions. Low stomata density, reduced water loss, and retarded growth under drought stress were the key features of inbreds with better survival capacity under severe dehydration. We identified drought-tolerant barley inbreds, and our study offers resources for future genetic research on various drought tolerance strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin and L-Cysteine Desulfhydrase: Unraveling Hydrogen Sulfide Signaling for Drought Tolerance in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum)","authors":"Qadam Shah Muslemyar,&nbsp;Cengiz Kaya","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drought stress poses a significant threat to wheat production worldwide by impairing physiological and biochemical processes, necessitating innovative approaches to enhance crop resilience. This study explores the role of L-cysteine desulfhydrase (L-DES), a key enzyme involved in hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) production, in mediating melatonin-induced drought tolerance in bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.). Wheat plants were treated with 0.10 mM melatonin prior to drought induction, with water availability maintained at 80% (well-watered) or 40% (drought-stressed) of field capacity. Drought stress led to a significant decline in plant biomass, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content, and relative water content, while simultaneously increasing oxidative stress markers including hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage, indicating severe cellular damage. Melatonin application mitigated drought-induced oxidative damage by enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reducing lipid peroxidation. It also maintained photosynthetic efficiency by preserving chlorophyll content and stabilizing photosystem II activity. Additionally, melatonin upregulated glyoxalase system enzymes (Gly I and Gly II) to detoxify methylglyoxal and increased L-DES activity and endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) levels, thereby improving osmotic balance and stress tolerance. The critical role of L-DES was confirmed using DL-propargylglycine (PAG), an L-DES inhibitor, which significantly suppressed melatonin's protective effects. However, co-treatment with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an H₂S donor, reversed PAG's inhibition, highlighting the indispensable role of L-DES and H₂S in enhancing melatonin-induced drought resilience. This study establishes melatonin as a promising bio-stimulant for sustainable wheat production in arid regions and elucidates the interplay between L-DES activity and H₂S signaling in enhancing drought tolerance mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Civil Conflicts and Household Food Expenditure Patterns: Evidence From Ghana","authors":"Edward Martey,&nbsp;Frank Adusah-Poku,&nbsp;Justina Adwoa Onumah,&nbsp;Prince M. Etwire","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study employs panel survey data combined with geo-coded information on household locations and civil conflict to examine the relationship between civil conflict and per capita food expenditure. Utilizing the panel structure and applying fixed effects models, the analysis shows that civil conflict and fatality rates significantly reduce per capita expenditure on home-produced food more than on purchased food (29% and 11%, respectively). Further disaggregation reveals that the negative effect of fatalities is more pronounced for per capita expenditure on both nutrient-dense and less nutrient-dense purchased foods, compared to their home-produced counterparts. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the diminishing effect of fatalities on expenditure for purchased and home-produced food remains robust across alternative estimation methods and varies across gender, age cohort, and landholding status. Importantly, maize price variability emerges as a key mechanism through which fatalities reduce households' consumption of both market-sourced and home-produced diets. The insights from this study provide policymakers and development practitioners with actionable strategies to strengthen household resilience in food consumption during post-crisis recovery. These findings also contribute to efforts toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and Goal 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions).</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Hydrogen Sulfide and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Synergistically Enhance Drought Tolerance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kaya, C. and Uğurlar, F. (2024), Hydrogen Sulfide and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Synergistically Enhance Drought Tolerance in Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.). <i>Food and Energy Security</i>, 13:e70007. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70007</p><p>The authors regret that an error occurred in Figure 1B of the originally published article. The incorrect version of Figure 1B was inadvertently included. The correct version of Figure 1B is now provided.</p><p>This correction does not affect the results, discussion, or conclusions presented in the article.</p><p>The authors apologize for any inconvenience this may have caused.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Technology for a Sustainable Production Future: Unveiling the Role of Digitalization, Geography, and Agricultural & Industrial Sectoral Dynamics","authors":"Umer Shahzad,&nbsp;Changhong Miao","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Technological innovation has emerged as a crucial driver of sustainable productivity in high-income countries over the past five decades. Despite this, limited focus has been placed on achieving deep decarbonization and understanding the specific contributions of digitalization to enhance sustainable development. To fill this gap, our study explores the impact of the digitalization and geography nexus with sectoral factors, including agriculture and industry, in driving sustainable development from 1995 to 2022 in 67 high-income countries. Utilizing the augmented mean group (AMG) estimator, a two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) model, and threshold effects to span both high and low levels of sustainable development. The results indicate that digitalization, geography, industrial, and agricultural expansion are significantly embedded in improving sustainable development. However, the interaction between digitalization and geography shows a diminishing effect, while digitalization's correlation with the agriculture and industrial sectors significantly boosts sustainable development. Furthermore, the outcomes of the threshold effects illustrate how digitalization is required to adapt and evolve across different levels of sustainable development within the geography, industrial, and agricultural sectors. Policymakers should invest in digital infrastructure and literacy, particularly in disadvantaged areas, to address the diminishing effects of digitalization on geography. Integrating advanced technologies into agriculture and industry can boost productivity and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Losses in Agricultural Produce: Causes and Effects on Food Security","authors":"Feizollah Shahbazi,&nbsp;Saba Shahbazi,&nbsp;Dariush Zare","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Losses in agricultural produce have significant social, economic, and environmental implications. Despite efforts to increase yields, inadequate pre-and post-harvest practices often lead to losses and threaten food security. These losses also waste crucial resources like water, soil, and energy utilized in crop production. Minimizing agricultural produce losses is more crucial and cost-effective than simply increasing production. Understanding the factors that influence losses, the locations where they occur, and the types of losses that take place is key to developing effective control strategies. Specialized research and analysis are necessary for this purpose. Raising public awareness about the causes and prevention of agricultural produce losses is crucial. The review aimed to understand losses in agricultural produce emphasize the importance of efficient management strategies and seek improved solutions to reduce losses across the supply chain. The review is anticipated to provide valuable insights into the complex nature of agricultural produce losses and their impact on food security. The review focused on the losses in agricultural produce by looking at the different types of losses, their causes, and when they occur in the production process. It also evaluated the necessary services and infrastructure to reduce these losses at various stages. Additionally, the review highlighted the social and economic benefits of minimizing agricultural losses, including enhanced food security, decreased financial losses, and the promotion of a more sustainable agricultural system.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in Sorghum Improvement for Early Maturity, Harvest Index, and Water-Use Efficiency: Proxy Traits for Integrative Drought Tolerance Breeding","authors":"Byamungu Lincoln Zabuloni,&nbsp;Hussein Shimelis,&nbsp;Seltene Abady Tesfamariam,&nbsp;Maryke Labuschagne,&nbsp;Elize Botha","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drought associated with climate change has increasingly endangered the sustainability and potential of agriculture, notably crop production. Therefore, there is a need to develop adaptive and resilient crop varieties for sustainable crop production and food systems. Sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench] is a vital crop in drought-prone areas, supporting the livelihoods of over 750 million people globally. Sorghum grain yield is low in arid and semi-arid regions, with a mean of 0.9 t/ha compared to the global average of 2.5 t/ha due to a lack of improved varieties tolerant to recurrent drought and heat and biotic constraints and desirable product profiles. Integrative breeding for early maturity, high harvest index, and water use efficiency (WUE) is an economical and sustainable strategy to improve sorghum productivity and mitigate drought effects. These are crucial proxy traits that can guide sorghum improvement for drought tolerance, but current information regarding their simultaneous selection and breeding progress is sparse and scattered; hence, the review aims to address this gap. The paper highlights innovations and advances in sorghum improvement and progress towards early maturity, high harvest index, and WUE. The first section examines the impact of drought on sorghum production, integrative pre-breeding and breeding of sorghum, opportunities for breeding early-maturing, high-yielding, and water-use-efficient sorghum varieties, and the associated breeding progress and genetic gains. Further, it outlines the opportunities and challenges of the available breeding methods for developing climate-smart, early-maturing, and drought-tolerant sorghum varieties. The information presented in this paper can guide agronomists and breeders in developing and deploying new-generation sorghum varieties with integrative traits adapted to arid and semi-arid regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chloride Application Enhances Photosynthesis and Facilitates Nitrate Translocation While Driving Chloride Translocation Into Roots","authors":"Guanghui Wei,&nbsp;Xudong Zhang,&nbsp;Bastian L. Franzisky,&nbsp;Christoph-Martin Geilfus,&nbsp;Christian Zörb","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chloride and nitrate are essential mineral elements for crop growth. Due to their similar physical and electrochemical properties, their uptake and translocation interact antagonistically. This suggests that applying chloride to the leaf canopy during the late grain-filling stage of cereals might enhance nitrate use efficiency. Hence, it remains uncertain whether foliar-applied chloride at the late growth stage stimulates nitrate translocation from mature to younger leaves. To explore this possibility, two contrasting faba bean varieties were grown in a climate-controlled chamber. Nitrate concentrations of approximately 50 and 93 μg mg FW⁻¹, respectively, were established in leaves by depleting nitrogen in the rooting medium. Based on these two nitrate concentrations in mature leaves, chloride was applied to the leaf canopy. Measurements of biomass, photosynthesis, and nitrate and chloride concentrations in both young and mature leaves revealed that chloride foliar application raised nitrate levels in younger leaves from 7.1 to 9.5 μmol g FW⁻¹ and boosted photosynthesis by approximately 35%. However, one of the two faba bean varieties did not respond significantly to the chloride foliar application. These findings indicate that chloride application facilitates nitrate translocation from mature to younger leaves, potentially improving grain nitrogen supply. As a result, nitrate use efficiency might be increased by chloride application during late growth stages, although this effect is genotype-dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Household Food Insecurity in the Coastal Regions, Bangladesh","authors":"Shuvagato Mondal,&nbsp;Kinley Wangdi,&nbsp;Darren James Gray,&nbsp;Matthew Kelly,&nbsp;Haribondhu Sarma","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the prevalence and key risk factors of household food insecurity in the climate-vulnerable coastal regions of Bangladesh. Primary data were collected through a cross-sectional survey in three coastal districts, providing comprehensive insights into sociodemographic and economic determinants of food insecurity in this underexplored region. The study included mothers of the children aged 6–59 months from 471 households and selected using a three-stage cluster sampling procedure. Household food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors of food insecurity. The prevalence of household food insecurity was 28.7%, and a lower chance of experiencing food insecurity was found in households with younger heads (≤ 40 years) [AOR: 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20–0.90] compared to the older group. A lower risk of food insecurity prevalence was observed in households having educated mothers (AOR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08–0.58) compared to the noneducated group, higher monthly income (AOR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04–0.21) compared to lower income, and households located in the central (AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.10–0.44) and western parts (AOR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.06–0.34) compared to the eastern coastal region of the country. Household heads engaged in fishing and having mothers with chronic health issues were identified as significant predictors of food insecurity. Our study identified several sociodemographic and economic factors as significant predictors of food insecurity and suggested that effective interventions, including the enhancement of educational opportunities, promotion of income-generating activities, and support for the fisher community and those with chronic health conditions, are necessary to reduce household food insecurity in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic Performances of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Varieties to Rhizobial Inoculation, Biochar and Lime Applications Under Acidic Soil Conditions in Ethiopia","authors":"Nebret Tadesse,&nbsp;Tarekegn Yoseph,&nbsp;Zerihun Demrew","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil acidity influences nutrient availability and plant growth performances in Ethiopian highlands. Sustainable agronomic practices like bio-organic amendments are getting attention to address such problems. This study was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the effects of various bio-organic amendments on the grain yield and yield components of faba bean varieties under field conditions. Treatments were arranged in a split-split plot within a complete block design: two levels of Rhizobium inoculation as the main plot, three varieties of faba beans as subplots, and four levels of coffee husk biochar-lime amendments as sub-subplots in three replications. The results revealed that Rhizobium inoculation increased the nodule count, biomass, and grain yields by 39.7%, 21.9%, and 23.1%, respectively. Application of the recommended biochar rate was found to increase the nodule count by 49.4%, and its combination with lime was shown to enhance nodule formation and overall yield of faba beans. Notably, applying 10 t/ha of biochar resulted in grain and biomass yield increments of 69.2% and 77.5%, respectively. Furthermore, a remarkable grain and biomass yield improvement was observed with the combined application of Rhizobium inoculant and biochar. The cost benefit analysis also showed a net profit of 361,637.3 Ethiopian Birr/ha when 10 t/ha of biochar was applied with a marginal return rate of 1468.8%, translated into an additional income of 14.68 Ethiopian Birr per unit of investment. The present finding showed that the combined use of bio-organic supplements can be taken as a good option for sustainable faba bean production on acid soils with viable economic returns.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}