Food and Energy Security最新文献

{"title":"Heterogeneous Impacts of Aging and Feminization of Agriculture on Production Factor Inputs: Evidence From Rice Farmers in China","authors":"Li Chen,&nbsp;ZhenLin Weng","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In contrast to other countries, China's agricultural production faces the challenges of aging and feminization, which have a tremendous impact on food security. The purpose of this research was to reveal the correlations between aging and feminization and agricultural production factor input and its heterogeneity. This was evaluated using the ordinary least squares (OLS) model. The research found that the aging of farming did not correlate with the input of land factor and employment input. However, the feminization of farming significantly correlated with the input of land factor and employment input. In particular, an increase in the feminization of farming by one standard deviation reduced the land factor input by 18.9% and employment input by 31.3%. Second, agricultural aging and feminization had a positive and significant effect on agricultural machinery input but a negative and significant effect on material input. The instrumental variable method test results were consistent with those of the main regression. Third, heterogeneity analysis showed that the correlations between aging and feminization and the input of land, employment, agricultural machinery, and materials were significantly different with different educational levels of house heads and the proportion of agricultural income. Therefore, this study provides a reference for adjusting the rural labor structure and accumulating advanced rural production factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating GIS Mapping and Artificial Neural Networks for Assessing Biomass Energy Potential From Agricultural Residues in Iran","authors":"Ehsan Fartash Naeimi,&nbsp;Gürkan Alp Kağan Gürdil,&nbsp;Bahadır Demirel","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agricultural residues (such as straw and other nonmarketable plant waste) in Iran exceed 200 million tons annually, which can supply 10%–15% of the country's energy needs. The objective of this study was to investigate and estimate the biomass energy potential derived from crop residues in Iran using GIS mapping and artificial neural networks. The energy potential of the residues was determined by considering their heating value and the quantity of available residues. The available agricultural residues for the 10 crops studied were estimated to be 9,688,450 tons. Sugarcane and sugar beet contributed the largest shares, representing 32.33% and 25.72%, respectively. The largest quantities of sugarcane and wheat residues were found in Khuzestan province, amounting to 3,131,620 and 124,660 tons, respectively. For sugar beet, the maximum amount of residues was recorded in West Azerbaijan, with 719,140 tons. The total heating values for the residues were calculated to be 56,376 TJ for sugarcane, 18,212.36 TJ for wheat, and 42,887.32 TJ for sugar beet. The artificial neural network was able to predict the energy potential of biomass from the main products with a correlation coefficient of over 0.99 and the lowest error rate. GIS maps proved highly effective for rapidly analyzing the status of plant residues and their energy potential in each province. The findings suggest that agricultural residues in Iran have significant potential as a sustainable biomass energy source.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphophysiological Plant Phenotyping for the Development of Plant Breeding Under Drought and Heat Conditions: A Practical Approach","authors":"Félix Estrada,&nbsp;Miquel A. Gonzàlez-Meler,&nbsp;Eduardo A. Dias de Oliveira,&nbsp;Alejandro del Pozo,&nbsp;Gustavo A. Lobos","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, the breeding programs focus their efforts on identifying and developing tolerant genotypes to adverse conditions, such as drought and high temperatures. In this context, the physiological approach, which involves phenotyping several traits, is useful for breeding programs. Leaf photosynthetic traits have become one of the main objectives to be evaluated for breeders due to their relationship with improving grain yield and biomass production. Gas exchange (<i>Ge</i>) and chlorophyll “a” fluorescence (<i>Chf</i>) are the main tools to characterize the photosynthetic activity in real time at the leaf level. Consequently, several association studies using proximal and nonproximal sensing (e.g., RGB, thermography) have been developed. However, for the correct application of this breeding approach, it is essential to have a basic knowledge of both the physiological principles involved in the readings and the limitations of phenotyping due to the characteristics of the devices available on the market. This revision also covers other traits, such as the morphological and anatomical characteristics of leaves and roots, and the use of isotopes complementing <i>Ge</i> and <i>Chf</i> measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agri-Mat Mulching Improves Aggregate Stability and Soil Pore Formation on Smallholder Farms in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Sibongiseni Mgolozeli,&nbsp;Adornis D. Nciizah,&nbsp;Isaiah I. C. Wakindiki,&nbsp;Khumbulani Dhavu,&nbsp;Fhatuwani N. Mudau,&nbsp;Siaw Onwona-Agyeman","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agri-mats are solid organic mulch mats derived from various organic waste materials such as straw, grass, weed biomass, algae residues, etc. These agri-mats are created by hot- or cold-pressing biomass into solid, bio degradable mats. Although agri-mats provide remarkable benefits to agricultural soils, including improved soil fertility and crop productivity, their effect on topsoil structure has not been adequately explored. The aim of this study was to determine the aggregate stability and physical architecture of two contrasting soils using the fast-wetting method and X-ray microfocus computed tomography (CT), respectively. The following five treatments were established in two sites (Durban with loam soil and Pretoria with sandy loam soil): (i) full agri-mat cover (100% AG), (ii) half agri-mat cover (50% AG), (iii) bare or no cover (control), (iv). 6 tons.ha⁻¹ of grass mulch (6 t.GM) and (v) 3 tons.ha⁻¹ grass mulch (3 t.GM). The two sites were planted with maize in summer and spinach in winter for two consecutive seasons (2017/18 and 2018/19). The aggregate stability test results indicated that 100% agri-mat (100% AG) mulch had greater aggregate stabilizing ability than all other mulching treatments in both soil types. In the loam soil, the 100% AG treatment increased the stability of the aggregates by 58% and by 65% in the sandy loam soil after two years. The X-ray CT analysis results showed that under the loam soil, 50% AG mulch treatment produced more (89%) macro-aggregates (&gt; 250 μm) compared to 100% AG (77%). However, the 100% AG treatment produced more (71%) macro-aggregates compared with the 50% AG (65%) under the sandy loam soil. Based on the overall morphological characteristics of the soil aggregates, the 100% AG treatment was superior to the other organic mulching treatments in terms of soil pore structure formation and aggregate stability regardless of the soil type after two years.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extension Advice, Agricultural Productivity, and Food Security in Tanzania","authors":"Francisco M. P. Mugizi","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although agriculture is a major source of livelihood in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania, agricultural productivity remains low. Access to extension services can play a significant role in raising agricultural productivity and improving smallholder farmers' welfare. This paper uses a recent National Agricultural Sample Survey 2019/2020 data to examine the effect of receiving extension advice for crop production on agricultural productivity and food security in Tanzania. It uses an instrumental variable technique, extended regression model, and endogenous switching regression model to address possible selection bias and endogeneity problems. The findings show that receiving extension advice has a strong positive effect on agricultural productivity. Investigating the potential mechanisms, the findings reveal that households who received extension advice for crop production were more likely to apply organic fertiliser, use improved seeds, practice irrigation, practice conservational farming, and applied more organic and inorganic fertiliser. We also find a significant correlation between access to extension advice and food security. Overall, the results highlight the role of extension advice in boosting agricultural productivity among smallholders and indirectly improving food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Nitrogen and phosphorus interactions at a 21 nitrogen:1 phosphorus Redfield-like ratio impact growth and seed yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Impacts of Climate Change on Horticultural Crop Production: Evidence From Turkiye","authors":"Abbas Ali Chandio,&nbsp;Dicle Ozdemir,&nbsp;Xiaoping Tang","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Potatoes, tomatoes, and chili peppers are commonly used in our daily diets as primary vegetable food items. However, producing nutritious, fresh, and sustainable vegetables in the context of climate change is a major challenge for both developed and developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impacts of climate change on horticultural crop production, including potatoes, tomatoes, and chili peppers in Turkiye from 1990 to 2020. Using the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) estimation technique, we demonstrate that climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation changes benefit potato yields in both the long and short term. Conversely, CO₂ emissions have a positive impact on potato yields in the long term, but a negative impact in the short term. Furthermore, the results show that temperature fluctuations have detrimental effects on tomato production in the short and long term. On the other hand, increased rainfall and CO₂ emissions positively influence tomato yields over the long term. Meanwhile, temperature changes and CO₂ emissions boost short- and long-term yields. Besides, the cultivated area and fertilizer use contribute significantly to the production of potatoes, tomatoes, and chilies in the short and long term. Our study suggests that implementing appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures can effectively address the challenges of climate change and promote the sustainable production of vegetables.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent Environmental Control in Plant Factories: Integrating Sensors, Automation, and AI for Optimal Crop Production","authors":"Cengiz Kaya","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing global challenges of environmental degradation and resource scarcity demand innovative agricultural solutions. Intelligent environmental control systems integrating sensors, automation, and artificial intelligence (AI) optimize crop production and sustainability in vertical farming. This review explores the critical role of these technologies in monitoring and adjusting key environmental parameters, including light, temperature, humidity, nutrient delivery, and CO₂ enrichment. Intelligent environmental control systems use real-time data from sensor networks to continuously maintain optimal growing conditions. Sensors measure changes in the environment, such as light intensity and humidity levels. Automation enables tasks to be performed without human intervention, ensuring consistent adjustments to environmental conditions. AI predicts plant responses and enables proactive management strategies in this context. The review also examines how these technologies integrate, highlighting successful case studies and addressing challenges like energy management, scalability, and system harmonization. Looking ahead, AI's potential in predictive maintenance and emerging trends in vertical farming highlight the transformative role of intelligent environmental control in enhancing agricultural efficiency and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin, a Secondary Metabolite, Activates the Defense System by Regulating Water Status, PSII Photochemistry, and Antioxidant Capacity in Lactuca sativa Exposed to Lead and/or Arsenic Stresses","authors":"Ayşenur Tofan,&nbsp;Emirhan Gurkan,&nbsp;Busra Arikan-Abdulveli,&nbsp;Melike Balci,&nbsp;Evren Yildiztugay,&nbsp;Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) pollution seriously affect the physiological and biochemical processes of plants, reduce agricultural productivity, and pose a serious threat to human health. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in studies aimed at mitigating these negative effects of heavy metals. Curcumin is an important secondary metabolite belonging to the polyphenol class that provides stress tolerance to plants through its metal-chelating activity. Therefore, in our study, curcumin (Cur1; 50 μM and Cur2; 100 μM) was applied to lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) under lead (Pb; 100 μM) and/or arsenic (As; 100 μM) stress. It was observed that the relative growth rate of the plant decreased by 12% at Pb stress and 27% under As stress. Pb and combined stress conditions (Pb + As) reduced the relative water content by 23%. Notably, significant increases in these parameters were observed following curcumin treatment. Furthermore, exogenous curcumin application effectively mitigated the detrimental effects induced by heavy-metal stress. On gas exchange and photosynthetic parameters, Cur1 treatment resulted in more than a twofold increase in carbon assimilation rate under Pb and Pb + As conditions. Due to Pb + As exposure, H₂O₂ content increased by 25% and TBARS content increased by twofold. These elevations were attenuated by curcumin with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity. Compared to the combined stress exposure, Pb + As + Cur1 and Pb + As + Cur2 treatments resulted in 40% and 24% increased SOD activity, respectively. Curcumin treatments contributed to the maintenance of redox balance in the cell by increasing the activity of the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle. In conclusion, curcumin applications to lettuce under Pb and/or As stress contributed to the reduction of ROS accumulation by increasing the water uptake, photosynthesis efficiency, and antioxidant enzyme capacity. These findings suggest that phenolic compounds like curcumin could be a promising strategy in agricultural practices to enhance plant resistance to heavy-metal stress, thereby improving productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differential Mechanisms of Soft Rot Resistance in Lettuce Grown Under White and Blue Light","authors":"Yong Wang,&nbsp;Xiaojing Ma,&nbsp;Wenkai Shang,&nbsp;Hengbin Luo,&nbsp;Longyu Wang,&nbsp;Kaile Sun,&nbsp;Han Dong,&nbsp;Guanghui An,&nbsp;Shunshan Shen,&nbsp;Zhixin Guo,&nbsp;Xiaoxing Dong,&nbsp;Xinzheng Li,&nbsp;Fengzhi Piao,&nbsp;Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Specific light wavelengths can affect plant responses to pathogens. In this study, we investigated the soft rot resistance of lettuce grown under different light conditions and analyzed the underlying molecular mechanisms using RNA-seq data. The results revealed that blue-light-grown leaves had a better resistance to soft rot infection compared to the leaves grown under white light and other light conditions, as evidenced by the fewer soft rot symptoms and lower soft rot incidence. After soft rot infection, H₂O₂ levels increased in all samples grown under different light conditions but were the lowest in blue-light-grown leaves. Significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were observed in blue-light-grown leaves than in white-light-grown regardless of soft rot infection. Transcriptome analysis revealed that blue-light-grown leaves could better activate and maintain the expressions of CAT and SOD genes, isochorismate synthase and pathogenesis-related protein genes, and the genes involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, the photosynthesis-related metabolic pathways than white-light-grown leaves, which should contribute to the blue-light-induced soft rot resistance. In addition, we found many genes involved in the synthesis and signaling pathways of jasmonic acid and ethylene were significantly upregulated in white-light-grown leaves after soft rot infection. Thus, light quality in the growth environment can affect lettuce soft rot resistance by altering the antioxidant and photosynthetic systems and plant hormone-related pathways, providing new ideas for the prevention and control of soft rot in lettuce.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}