Food and Energy Security最新文献

{"title":"Progress in Sorghum Improvement for Early Maturity, Harvest Index, and Water-Use Efficiency: Proxy Traits for Integrative Drought Tolerance Breeding","authors":"Byamungu Lincoln Zabuloni,&nbsp;Hussein Shimelis,&nbsp;Seltene Abady Tesfamariam,&nbsp;Maryke Labuschagne,&nbsp;Elize Botha","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drought associated with climate change has increasingly endangered the sustainability and potential of agriculture, notably crop production. Therefore, there is a need to develop adaptive and resilient crop varieties for sustainable crop production and food systems. Sorghum [<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench] is a vital crop in drought-prone areas, supporting the livelihoods of over 750 million people globally. Sorghum grain yield is low in arid and semi-arid regions, with a mean of 0.9 t/ha compared to the global average of 2.5 t/ha due to a lack of improved varieties tolerant to recurrent drought and heat and biotic constraints and desirable product profiles. Integrative breeding for early maturity, high harvest index, and water use efficiency (WUE) is an economical and sustainable strategy to improve sorghum productivity and mitigate drought effects. These are crucial proxy traits that can guide sorghum improvement for drought tolerance, but current information regarding their simultaneous selection and breeding progress is sparse and scattered; hence, the review aims to address this gap. The paper highlights innovations and advances in sorghum improvement and progress towards early maturity, high harvest index, and WUE. The first section examines the impact of drought on sorghum production, integrative pre-breeding and breeding of sorghum, opportunities for breeding early-maturing, high-yielding, and water-use-efficient sorghum varieties, and the associated breeding progress and genetic gains. Further, it outlines the opportunities and challenges of the available breeding methods for developing climate-smart, early-maturing, and drought-tolerant sorghum varieties. The information presented in this paper can guide agronomists and breeders in developing and deploying new-generation sorghum varieties with integrative traits adapted to arid and semi-arid regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chloride Application Enhances Photosynthesis and Facilitates Nitrate Translocation While Driving Chloride Translocation Into Roots","authors":"Guanghui Wei,&nbsp;Xudong Zhang,&nbsp;Bastian L. Franzisky,&nbsp;Christoph-Martin Geilfus,&nbsp;Christian Zörb","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chloride and nitrate are essential mineral elements for crop growth. Due to their similar physical and electrochemical properties, their uptake and translocation interact antagonistically. This suggests that applying chloride to the leaf canopy during the late grain-filling stage of cereals might enhance nitrate use efficiency. Hence, it remains uncertain whether foliar-applied chloride at the late growth stage stimulates nitrate translocation from mature to younger leaves. To explore this possibility, two contrasting faba bean varieties were grown in a climate-controlled chamber. Nitrate concentrations of approximately 50 and 93 μg mg FW⁻¹, respectively, were established in leaves by depleting nitrogen in the rooting medium. Based on these two nitrate concentrations in mature leaves, chloride was applied to the leaf canopy. Measurements of biomass, photosynthesis, and nitrate and chloride concentrations in both young and mature leaves revealed that chloride foliar application raised nitrate levels in younger leaves from 7.1 to 9.5 μmol g FW⁻¹ and boosted photosynthesis by approximately 35%. However, one of the two faba bean varieties did not respond significantly to the chloride foliar application. These findings indicate that chloride application facilitates nitrate translocation from mature to younger leaves, potentially improving grain nitrogen supply. As a result, nitrate use efficiency might be increased by chloride application during late growth stages, although this effect is genotype-dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Household Food Insecurity in the Coastal Regions, Bangladesh","authors":"Shuvagato Mondal,&nbsp;Kinley Wangdi,&nbsp;Darren James Gray,&nbsp;Matthew Kelly,&nbsp;Haribondhu Sarma","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the prevalence and key risk factors of household food insecurity in the climate-vulnerable coastal regions of Bangladesh. Primary data were collected through a cross-sectional survey in three coastal districts, providing comprehensive insights into sociodemographic and economic determinants of food insecurity in this underexplored region. The study included mothers of the children aged 6–59 months from 471 households and selected using a three-stage cluster sampling procedure. Household food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors of food insecurity. The prevalence of household food insecurity was 28.7%, and a lower chance of experiencing food insecurity was found in households with younger heads (≤ 40 years) [AOR: 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20–0.90] compared to the older group. A lower risk of food insecurity prevalence was observed in households having educated mothers (AOR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08–0.58) compared to the noneducated group, higher monthly income (AOR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04–0.21) compared to lower income, and households located in the central (AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.10–0.44) and western parts (AOR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.06–0.34) compared to the eastern coastal region of the country. Household heads engaged in fishing and having mothers with chronic health issues were identified as significant predictors of food insecurity. Our study identified several sociodemographic and economic factors as significant predictors of food insecurity and suggested that effective interventions, including the enhancement of educational opportunities, promotion of income-generating activities, and support for the fisher community and those with chronic health conditions, are necessary to reduce household food insecurity in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic Performances of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Varieties to Rhizobial Inoculation, Biochar and Lime Applications Under Acidic Soil Conditions in Ethiopia","authors":"Nebret Tadesse,&nbsp;Tarekegn Yoseph,&nbsp;Zerihun Demrew","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil acidity influences nutrient availability and plant growth performances in Ethiopian highlands. Sustainable agronomic practices like bio-organic amendments are getting attention to address such problems. This study was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the effects of various bio-organic amendments on the grain yield and yield components of faba bean varieties under field conditions. Treatments were arranged in a split-split plot within a complete block design: two levels of Rhizobium inoculation as the main plot, three varieties of faba beans as subplots, and four levels of coffee husk biochar-lime amendments as sub-subplots in three replications. The results revealed that Rhizobium inoculation increased the nodule count, biomass, and grain yields by 39.7%, 21.9%, and 23.1%, respectively. Application of the recommended biochar rate was found to increase the nodule count by 49.4%, and its combination with lime was shown to enhance nodule formation and overall yield of faba beans. Notably, applying 10 t/ha of biochar resulted in grain and biomass yield increments of 69.2% and 77.5%, respectively. Furthermore, a remarkable grain and biomass yield improvement was observed with the combined application of Rhizobium inoculant and biochar. The cost benefit analysis also showed a net profit of 361,637.3 Ethiopian Birr/ha when 10 t/ha of biochar was applied with a marginal return rate of 1468.8%, translated into an additional income of 14.68 Ethiopian Birr per unit of investment. The present finding showed that the combined use of bio-organic supplements can be taken as a good option for sustainable faba bean production on acid soils with viable economic returns.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nourished Nations: Investigating the Dynamics of Food Security, Energy Efficiency and Trade Openness in Emerging Economies","authors":"Manogna R. L,&nbsp;Aishwarya Naidu,&nbsp;Peeyush Kumar Jha","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Food insecurity remains a critical global challenge, disproportionately affecting emerging economies due to persistent undernourishment, population growth, and resource constraints. Motivated by rising global hunger due to both traditional pressures and newer challenges like energy utilization, this study explores the combined effects of economic, agricultural, and demographic factors on food insecurity. Using panel data from 10 emerging economies (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Russia, Thailand, and Vietnam) over the period 2000–2022, this research examines food insecurity through factors such as agricultural land area, cereal production, population growth, GDP growth, and trade openness. This study also introduces energy intensity into the analysis, offering a novel combination of factors and addressing a significant gap in the discourse on food security. We employ Fixed Effects, System Generalized Method of Moments (Sys-GMM), and Difference Generalized Method of Moments (Diff-GMM) estimation methods to address endogeneity and country heterogeneity. Empirical findings indicate that higher energy intensity and high population growth exacerbate food insecurity, while increased agricultural land use and increased cereal production significantly alleviate undernourishment. These findings illustrate the importance of focused policies on energy efficiency, agricultural productivity, and trade integration to achieve sustainable improvements in food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Fall Armyworm, Groundnut Rosette, and Soybean Rust Diseases on Smallholder Welfare and the Effectiveness of Control Strategies","authors":"Kelvin Mulungu,&nbsp;Innocent Pangapanga-Phiri,&nbsp;Hambulo Ngoma","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Smallholder farmers in Malawi and Zambia face significant challenges to their food security and welfare owing to the increasing prevalence of crop pests and diseases, such as the fall armyworm (FAW), groundnut rosette virus (GRV), and soybean rust. As climate change is projected to exacerbate these threats, understanding their impact and identifying effective control strategies is crucial. This study aims to determine the impact of these pests on crop yields, household income, and food security, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of various control strategies using survey data from 1100 farmers in Malawi and Zambia. The descriptive results show that approximately 70% of the farmers experience FAW attacks in their maize fields, approximately 28% experience rosette in their groundnuts, and 40% of the farmers report soybean rust infestations. The econometric results show that FAW, rosette, and soybean rust result in 13.5%, 27.2%, and 25.2% yield loss in maize, groundnuts, and soybean, respectively. We also find that the FAW negatively affects income and food security. While rust, rosette, and their combination had no significant effect on income and food security, their combination with FAW led to a greater negative impact than the FAW alone. Although farmers employ multiple strategies to control these pests/diseases, we find evidence, albeit not robust to different estimation strategies, that pesticides, crop rotation, and the use of improved seeds aid in reducing the negative effect of pests/diseases on crop yields. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that can inform policies and interventions aimed at enhancing food security and supporting resilient farming systems in sub-Saharan Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoupling Driving Factors and High-Precision Prediction of Food Security in Central Asia Based on a Coupled PLS-SEM and PSO-LSSVM Model","authors":"Qingtao Ma,&nbsp;Yonghui Yang,&nbsp;Zhijie Bai,&nbsp;Yanmin Yang,&nbsp;Shumin Han,&nbsp;Dandan Ren,&nbsp;Guofei Shang,&nbsp;Xinying Jiao,&nbsp;Xiaonan Guo,&nbsp;Meng Wu,&nbsp;Deming Zhu,&nbsp;Sayidjakhon Khasanov,&nbsp;Xiaoying Ouyang","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grain supply and demand affect regional food security; however, the drivers are often unclear, making precise forecasting and policymaking challenging. This study used Central Asia as a case to integrate Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with particle swarm optimization least squares support vector machine (PSO-LSSVM) to separately identify the drivers of grain supply and demand and enhance prediction accuracy. We analyzed the interannual variations in the production, import/export volumes, consumption, and inventory of wheat, rice, barley, maize, and other grains in Central Asia (1992–2019). We then decoupled the factors affecting wheat production and consumption using PLS-SEM and made predictions by integrating PLS-SEM with the PSO-LSSVM. The results showed that grain supply and demand across Central Asia, primarily driven by wheat production and consumption, declined and later recovered, with a turning point between 1995 and 1998. Kazakhstan exports 44% of its wheat, whereas other countries heavily depend on imports. In Central Asia, the path coefficients (<i>r</i>) of the wheat area and yield on total production were 0.36 and 0.77, respectively, whereas in Kazakhstan, they were 0.37 and 0.81, respectively. Climate and cultivation factors indirectly affect production through wheat yield, whereas yield and consumption influence production through area. Economic growth increased wheat consumption, whereas urban population growth decreased it. In Kazakhstan, wheat exports reduced consumption (<i>r =</i> −0.23) but boosted the economy (<i>r =</i> 0.33), a pattern that was not observed in Central Asia. The coupling model of PLS-SEM and PSO-LSSVM enhanced the prediction accuracy of wheat yield, reducing the error by 10.21% in Central Asia and 32.8% in Kazakhstan. This study offers a novel approach to decouple the driving factors of grain production and consumption and predicts crop yields in regions with limited data availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Agricultural Ecology and Food Security Promote Each Other? Evidence From China","authors":"Yihang Hu,&nbsp;Junbiao Zhang,&nbsp;Binli Chang,&nbsp;Chenjie Ni","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on a spatiotemporal perspective, this study evaluates the agricultural ecology and food security levels of 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2022 using the rank-sum ratio method. It analyzes the trajectory changes through the center-of-gravity model and explores the dynamic relationship between the two with the VAR model. The results show that China's agricultural ecosystem has recovered since 2019, with a 21% increase in food security capability. Geographically, the agricultural ecology index shows higher values in the east and lower in the west, while food security levels are unevenly distribution across the country. Notably, the centers of gravity are located in Nanyang, Henan, with a northwestward shift, indicating advancements in the northwest region. The synergistic enhancement of agricultural ecology and food security has significantly improved stability and sustainability, highlighting the importance of their mutual complementarity. The conclusions drawn from this study may offer insights into promoting regional agricultural sustainability and developing effective policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Crop Nutrition in Arid and Semiarid Regions of Africa Through Genome Editing Using CRISPR/Cas","authors":"Erick Amombo,&nbsp;Rita H. Mumm,&nbsp;Abdelaziz Nilahyane,&nbsp;Abdelaziz Hirich,&nbsp;Mohamed Hijri,&nbsp;Valentine Otang Ntui","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Food insecurity is a pressing issue in Africa, aggravated by escalating drought, jeopardizing the region's ability to meet nutritional requirements for human health. In arid and semiarid regions, crop yield is severely affected by drought and salinity. Thus, obtaining an effective crop development requires striking the right balance between growth and defense. This review delves into the potential of CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology to tackle these challenges by improving the nutritional quality of climate-resilient crops for SSA in the context of drought and soil salinity. We describe in detail opportunities for climate-resilient crops with nutritional traits that could be developed using CRISPR/Cas systems for potential cultivation in arid and semiarid regions of Africa. We discussed the crops, genes and specific pathways that could be targeted. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of aligning these scientific solutions with evolving policy frameworks, particularly favorable biosafety regulations concerning genome editing. In addition, we underscore the significance of capacity-building programs, which have the potential to revolutionize crop value chains, tapping solutions enabled through genome editing. By strategically integrating CRISPR/Cas technology and supporting policies alongside capacity-building initiatives and communication strategies, Africa can bolster food and nutritional security amidst climate change challenges. This approach not only addresses immediate nutritional needs but also fosters long-term resilience in the region's agricultural systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating CO2 Emissions: China-East Asia Trade, Digitalization, and Geography's Impact on Sustainable Environmental Development","authors":"Umer Shahzad,&nbsp;Changhong Miao","doi":"10.1002/fes3.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Technological advancement and favorable geographical factors significantly increase environmental development. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by examining the impact of China-East Asia trade, geography, and digitalization on CO₂ emissions, aiming to assess sustainable environmental development in East Asia from 1990 to 2021. The analysis employs Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) and the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (DH) causality tests to provide comprehensive insights. The findings reveal that China-East Asia trade positively contributes to sustainable environmental development in East Asia by promoting economic integration and cleaner technological practices. However, the direct impact of geographical factors worsens sustainable environmental development, likely due to challenges related to distance, terrain, and natural resource distribution. Furthermore, the results highlight that digitalization significantly reduces CO₂ emissions, enhancing sustainable environmental development. Additionally, the threshold effect indicates that digitalization plays a crucial role in either amplifying or mitigating the impact of trade and geography by enhancing technological efficiency and facilitating information exchange, ultimately contributing to sustainable environmental development. The DH causality test results confirm that China-East Asia trade, geography, and digitalization exhibit predictive power for sustainable environmental development, highlighting their interconnected roles in shaping environmental outcomes. This study concludes with key policy recommendations aimed at promoting sustainable environmental development by strengthening digitalization and refining trade policies to mitigate geographical constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":54283,"journal":{"name":"Food and Energy Security","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/fes3.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}