Current Medical Imaging Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Preliminary Study on the Evaluation Value of Extracellular Volume Fraction in the Pathological Grading of Lung Invasive Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Bin Nan, Yukun Pan, Yinghui Ge, Minghua Sun, Jin Cai, Xiaojing Kan","doi":"10.2174/0115734056392707250818063540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056392707250818063540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of extracellular volume fraction (ECV) and spectral CT parameters in assessing the pathological grading of lung invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC) presenting as solid or subsolid nodules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective collection of patients who were pathologically confirmed as IAC with solid or subsolid pulmonary nodules at our hospital from March 2023 to November 2024 was conducted. Relevant data were recorded, and the patients were divided into two groups: intermediate/high differentiation and low differentiation. The parameters including arterial phase iodine concentration (IC^A), arterial phase normalized iodine concentration (NIC^A), arterial phase normalized effective atomic number (nZef^fA), arterial phase extracellular volume fraction (ECV^A), venous phase iodine concentration (IC^V), venous phase Normalized Iodine Concentration (NIC^V), venous phase normalized effective atomic number (nZeff^V), and venous phase extracellular volume fraction (ECV^V) were compared between the two groups. Parameters with statistical significance were evaluated for their diagnostic performance using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 61 patients were included, comprising 40 in the intermediate to high differentiation group and 21 in the low differentiation group. The intermediate/high differentiation group had higher values of ECV^A, NIC^A, ECV^V, IC^V, NIC^V, and nZeff^V than the low differentiation group (P < 0.05). The AUC values for these parameters were 0.679, 0.620, 0.757, 0.688, 0.724, and 0.693, respectively. Among these, ECV^V had the largest AUC, with a sensitivity and specificity of 72.5% and 71.4%, respectively. Through binary logistic regression analysis, five features were identified: the maximum diameter of the lesion, bronchus encapsulated air sign, lobulation sign, spiculation sign, and pleural traction sign. The integration of these imaging features with ECV^V resulted in a model with enhanced diagnostic performance, characterized by an AUC of 0.886, a sensitivity of 85.7%, and a specificity of 80.0%.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>ECVV outperforms other spectral parameters in differentiating IAC grades, reflecting changes in the tumor microenvironment. Combining ECV^V with imaging features enhances diagnostic accuracy, though the study's single-center design and small sample size limit generalizability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Extracellular volume fraction can provide more information for the pathological grading assessment of invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung. Compared to other spectral parameters, ECV^V exhibits the highest diagnostic performance, and its combination with conventional imaging fe","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144978426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classifiers Combined with DenseNet Models for Lung Cancer Computed Tomography Image Classification: A Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Menna Allah Mahmoud, Sijun Wu, Ruihua Su, Yanhua Wen, Shuya Liu, Yubao Guan","doi":"10.2174/0115734056399377250818100506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056399377250818100506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. While deep learning approaches show promise in medical imaging, comprehensive comparisons of classifier combinations with DenseNet architectures for lung cancer classification are limited. The study investigates the performance of different classifier combinations, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), with DenseNet architectures for lung cancer classification using chest CT scan images.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comparative analysis was conducted on 1,000 chest CT scan images comprising Adenocarcinoma, Large Cell Carcinoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and normal tissue samples. Three DenseNet variants (DenseNet-121, DenseNet-169, DenseNet-201) were combined with three classifiers: SVM, ANN, and MLP. Performance was evaluated using accuracy, Area Under the Curve (AUC), precision, recall, specificity, and F1- score with an 80-20 train-test split.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal model achieved 92% training accuracy and 83% test accuracy. Performance across models ranged from 81% to 92% for training accuracy and 73% to 83% for test accuracy. The most balanced combination demonstrated robust results (training: 85% accuracy, 0.99 AUC; test: 79% accuracy, 0.95 AUC) with minimal overfitting.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Deep learning approaches effectively categorize chest CT scans for lung cancer detection. The MLP-DenseNet-169 combination's 83% test accuracy represents a promising benchmark. Limitations include retrospective design and a limited sample size from a single source.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of combining DenseNet architectures with different classifiers for lung cancer CT classification. The MLP-DenseNet-169 achieved optimal performance, while SVM-DenseNet-169 showed superior stability, providing valuable benchmarks for automated lung cancer detection systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144978405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indocyanine Green and Fluorescein Videoangiography for the Assessment of Collateral Circulation in Posterior Circulation Aneurysm Clipping: A Case Report and Review.","authors":"Alejandro Serrano-Rubio, Carlos-Fernando Nicolas-Cruz, Sharon Trujillo, Brenda-Susana Hernández-Barrera, Ambar-Elizabeth Riley-Moguel, Julian-Moises Enriquez-Alvarez, Ana-Margarita Martinez-Caceres, Rafael Sánchez-Mata, Daniel Figueroa-Zelaya, Ernesto Roldan-Valadez, Edgar Nathal","doi":"10.2174/0115734056256001250812075213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056256001250812075213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microsurgical treatment of posterior circulation aneurysms remains challenging due to their deep location, complex anatomical exposure, and close proximity to critical neurovascular structures. Ensuring adequate collateral circulation is paramount for preventing ischemic complications. Indocyanine Green (ICG) and Fluorescein Video Angiography (FL-VAG) have emerged as effective intraoperative tools for assessing cerebral perfusion and guiding surgical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 29-year-old male presenting with a thunderclap headache, nausea, and vomiting, subsequently diagnosed with a fusiform aneurysm at the P2-P3 junction of the left posterior cerebral artery. The patient underwent a subtemporal approach with partial posterior petrosectomy for aneurysm clipping and remodeling. Initially, an STA-P3 and PITA-P3 bypass were considered; however, intraoperative ICG and FL-VAG confirmed sufficient retrograde collateral flow, allowing the bypass procedure to be avoided. Postoperative imaging demonstrated patent circulation in the occipitotemporal region without ischemic compromise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the crucial role of intraoperative fluorescence imaging in refining surgical strategies for complex aneurysm clipping. ICG and FL-VAG enhance surgical precision by providing real-time perfusion assessment, reducing the need for additional vascular interventions, and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144978382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Evolution of Thyroid Ultrasound Research: A 30-Year Bibliometric Analysis.","authors":"TIng Jiang, Chuansheng Yang, Lv Wu, Xiaofen Li, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0115734056396607250811115439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056396607250811115439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thyroid ultrasound has emerged as a critical diagnostic modality, attracting substantial research attention. This bibliometric analysis systematically maps the 30-year evolution of thyroid ultrasound research to identify developmental trends, research hotspots, and emerging frontiers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>English-language articles and reviews (1994-2023) from Web of Science Core Collection were extracted. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer and CiteSpace to examine collaborative networks among countries/institutions/authors, reference timeline visualization, and keyword burst detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 8,489 documents were included for further analysis. An overall upward trend in research publications was found. China, the United States, and Italy were the productive countries, while the United States, Italy, and South Korea had the greatest influence. The journal Thyroid obtained the highest IF. The keywords with the greatest strength were \"disorders\", \"thyroid volume\", and \"association guidelines\". The timeline view of reference demonstrated that deep learning, ultrasound-based risk stratification systems, and radiofrequency ablation were the latest reference clusters.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Three dominant themes emerged: the ultrasound characteristics of thyroid disorders, the application of new techniques, and the assessment of the risk of malignancy of thyroid nodules. Applications of deep learning and the development and improvement of correlation guides such as TIRADS are the present focus of research.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The specific application efficacy and improvement of TI-RADS and the optimization of deep learning algorithms and their clinical applicability will be the focus of subsequent research.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144978350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Imaging and Clinical Implications of Collagenous Fibroma in the Juxtaforaminal Premaxillary Fat Pad Mimicking Locoregional Tumor Recurrence: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Jeong Pyo Lee, Hye Jin Baek, Ki-Jong Park, Jin Pyeong Kim, Hyo Jung An, Eun Cho","doi":"10.2174/0115734056391917250730080108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056391917250730080108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Collagenous fibroma (CF), or desmoplastic fibroblastoma, is a rare benign tumor with few reported cases involving the facial region. Its presence in uncommon sites can pose diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical and radiologic features with malignant neoplasms.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Herein, we report a case of a 48-year-old female with CF in the juxtaforaminal premaxillary fat pad, presenting with neuralgic pain extending to the ipsilateral upper gingiva. The patient had a history of adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) of the right nasolabial fold, which was treated surgically four years prior. During evaluation with a multimodal radiologic approach using ultrasonography, CT, and MRI, the lesion was revealed to be a soft tissue lesion in the premaxillary region, raising suspicion of recurrent AdCC. However, histopathologic examination of the surgical excision confirmed the diagnosis of CF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of integrating clinical history, imaging findings, and pathological analysis for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Efficacy of PET/CT-Aided <i>versus</i> Conventional CT-guided Lung Biopsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yeonhee Lee, Sowon Jang, Minseon Kim, Junghoon Kim","doi":"10.2174/0115734056394487250702094607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056394487250702094607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Unlike its well-established role in lung cancer staging, positron emission tomography /computed tomography (PET/CT)'s role in guiding lung biopsies remains unclear and underutilized, despite its potential to distinguish metabolically active regions from areas of necrosis or fibrosis within lesions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the diagnostic efficacy of PET/CT-aided <i>versus</i> conventional CT-guided lung biopsy by comparing the incidences of non-diagnostic results, false results, and complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies comparing PET/CT-aided and conventional CT-guided lung biopsy were identified through an intensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Data on nondiagnostic results, false results, and complications were extracted. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven studies involving 1,661 procedures were included. PET/CT-aided lung biopsy significantly reduced nondiagnostic results compared to conventional CT-guided biopsy (2.8% vs. 9.1%; pooled RR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20-0.70, P = 0.002). False results were also significantly fewer in the PET/CT-aided group (6.5% vs. 17.0%; pooled RR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.35-0.65, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in overall complication rates (28.1% vs. 32.5%; pooled RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.77-1.10, P = 0.352), while PET/CT-aided biopsy showed a slight tendency toward fewer major complications (0.9% vs. 1.7%; pooled RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.30-1.44, P = 0.303).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PET/CT-aided CT-guided lung biopsy offers advantages over conventional CT-guided lung biopsy by significantly reducing nondiagnostic and false results, without significant differences in the risk of complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive Evaluation of the Rat Adenomyosis Model Constructed by Autologous Endometrial Implantation Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Qi Zhang, Qianwen Zhu, Linghui Xu, Yujia Shen, Junhai Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0115734056375955250703115947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056375955250703115947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dynamic changes in adenomyotic lesions in animal models have been difficult to observe and evaluate in vivo on a regular basis. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the feasibility of establishing a rat model of adenomyosis through autologous endometrial implantation and to assess the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for noninvasive evaluation of the model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty rats were randomly divided into two groups (20 rats in the control group, 20 rats in the model group). A rat adenomyosis model was constructed through autologous endometrial implantation. Three months after the modeling surgery, the rats underwent MRI examination, including T2-weighted axial imaging and T1-weighted axial imaging. The thickness of the uterine myometrium and junctional zone was measured. Following the MRI, the rat uterus was sliced for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the model group, lesions of adenomyosis were successfully established in all surviving rats. The myometrium of the rat uterus showed uneven thickening accompanied by scattered spotty T2 hypersignal. The junctional zone appeared as a low-signal band between the endometrium with high signal and the myometrium. The average thicknesses of both the myometrium and the junctional zone were significantly greater in the model group compared to the control group, with the differences reaching statistical significance. Ectopic endometrium can lead to hyperplasia of the peripheral muscle cells in the myometrium, which is manifested on T2-weighted images as localized thickening and hypo-intensity of the myometrium interspersed with punctiform hyperintensity. Histologically, regions of low signal intensity refer to hyperplasia of smooth muscle, while bright foci on T2-weighted images correspond to ectopic endometrial tissue and cystic dilation of glands. This study proved the noninvasive evaluation of a rat adenomyosis model and described the junctional zone in rats using MRI techniques. Histological examination using HE staining confirmed a higher nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio and a more compact cell arrangement in the junctional zone region of rats compared to the outer myometrium, which could explain its hypointensity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MRI is a valuable method for evaluating the rat adenomyosis model non-invasively. Furthermore, the successful visualization of the junctional zone in the rat uterus using MRI may have potential applications in further evaluating the progression of adenomyosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Invasive Assessment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Cardiac Involvement: A Systematic Review of Echocardiography.","authors":"Huang Xingxing, Chen Tianyi, Yu Xiaolong","doi":"10.2174/0115734056375528250701165335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056375528250701165335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder primarily characterized by joint degradation, with consequential cardiovascular ramifications significantly impacting patient mortality rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched for full-text English-language journal articles from 1973 to 2025 in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Utilizing keywords such as \"Rheumatoid Arthritis,\" \"Autoimmune Diseases,\" \"Pathophysiology,\" \"Heart,\" \"Cardiac,\" and \"Echocardiography\" to narrow the search results. Articles related to the evaluation of heart diseases in rheumatoid arthritis by echocardiography were included, while those with insufficient data or low data quality were excluded. Study quality was assessed using the CASP Quantitative Checklist (2018 version), and data were synthesized through thematic content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 52 studies in this review after the primary analysis. The results show that traditional echocardiography can identify organic changes in the heart and ventricular function impairment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. New ultrasound techniques, such as speckle tracking and pressure-strain loops, can detect ventricular function impairment earlier than traditional echocardiography.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Echocardiography provides complementary diagnostic information for rheumatoid arthritis cardiac involvement through structural and functional assessment, yet limitations remain. Future work should establish multimodal ultrasound frameworks and develop AI-driven analytical platforms to enhance early detection and precision management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The continuous progress of ultrasound technology has significantly improved the accuracy of assessing cardiac damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and it has become an essential examination method for screening heart diseases in such patients, providing strong support for early diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voxel-Based Specific Regional Analysis System for Alzheimer's Disease and Arterial Spin Labeling in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Yukinori Okada, Norikazu Ohno, Yoshisuke Kitahara, Hirofumi Niioka, Koji Tanaka, Hiromitsu Ueda, Katsunori Tsujii, Masayuki Sato","doi":"10.2174/0115734056337828250526070304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056337828250526070304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p> Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging can differentiate Alzheimer-type dementia from dementia with Lewy bodies using voxel-based specific regional analysis systems for Alzheimer's disease and arterial spin labeling, which reveal reduced blood flow from the posterior cingulate gyrus to the precuneus in Alzheimer-type dementia. However, the relationship between voxel-based specific regional analysis system scores and arterial spin labeling remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between brain atrophy scores and arterial spin labeling values in the posterior cingulate precuneus. </p> <p> Methods: Participants with suspected dementia who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging using a voxel-based regional analysis system were included. They were classified as follows: Group 1 (suspected Alzheimer-type dementia) had atrophy ≥2 in the volume of interest; Group 2 (suspected dementia with Lewy body) had atrophy <2 in the volume of interest and ≥0.2 in the gray and white matter of the dorsal brainstem; and Group 3 included those not meeting these criteria. Correlation values among atrophy within the volume of interest, percentage of atrophic areas, atrophy ratio, percentage of total brain atrophy, age, and maximum arterial spin labeling value at the posterior cingulate precuneus were evaluated. </p> <p> Results: Groups 1, 2, and 3 comprised 179, 143, and 197 patients, respectively. Arterial spin labeling values at the posterior cingulate precuneus were 77.0±24.4-77.3±25.2, 78.3±81.3-80.2±23.6, and 80.2±22.3-80.4±22.8 mL/min/100 g, respectively. Group 1 had a correlation coefficient between total brain atrophy and arterial spin labeling of -0.189 to-0.214 (P<0.01). Group 2 had a correlation coefficient between total brain atrophy and arterial spin labeling of -0.215 to -0.223 (P<0.01). Group 3 showed no significant correlations. No statistically significant difference was observed in ASL 1 and 2 values between the Alzheimer-type dementia and other groups (ASL 1: 74.5 mL/min/100 g vs. 78.8 mL/min/100 g, P=0.08; ASL 2: 74.8 mL/min/100 g vs. 79.2 mL/min/100 g, P=0.101). No statistically significant difference was observed in ASL 1 and 2 values between the Alzheimer-type dementia and DLB groups (ASL 1: 74.5 mL/min/100 g vs. 69.3. mL/min/100 g, P=0.093; ASL 2: 74.8 mL/min/100 g vs. 78.9 mL/min/100 g, P=0.258). </p> <p> Discussion: Reduced blood flow in the posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus shows only a weak correlation with brain atrophy in both Alzheimer-type dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies. Therefore, it is not a reliable marker for differentiating Alzheimer-type dementia from dementia with Lewy bodies and other groups. </p> <p> Conclusion: It is necessary to avoid using cerebral blood flow assessment alone when diagnosing dementia. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anal Extrusion of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Distal Catheter: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Jasmine Ahmed Alturaiki, Eissa Alousi, Mustafa Alhelal, Ali AlKhamees, Awn Alessa, Ibrahim Alahmed, Abdulsalam Mohammed Aleid","doi":"10.2174/0115734056392417250628194723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056392417250628194723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The standard treatment for hydrocephalus is often the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS), especially in patients with myelomeningocele (MMC). This case report aimed to enrich the existing knowledge by presenting a rare instance of asymptomatic anal extrusion of a VPS catheter in an infant, along with a review of the relevant literature.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 2-month-old male infant with myelomeningocele (MMC) and hydrocephalus presented with asymptomatic anal extrusion of his ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) catheter, discovered by his mother. Emergency imaging revealed distal catheter migration through the rectosigmoid junction. Surgical management included (1) laparoscopic-assisted catheter removal with bowel repair using Vicryl sutures, (2) intraoperative external ventricular drain (EVD) placement, and (3) 14-day antibiotic prophylaxis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis remained normal throughout the treatment. Following three weeks of infection monitoring, contralateral VPS replacement was performed successfully, with postoperative imaging confirming optimal shunt function and resolved hydrocephalus. This case highlighted the importance of caregiver vigilance in identifying this rare but serious complication, even in asymptomatic patients (Fig. 1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although anal extrusion of a VPS catheter is an uncommon but serious complication, primarily seen in pediatric patients, it can lead to lifethreatening infections if untreated. Prompt surgical intervention along with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is critical. This report highlights the need for recognizing classic symptoms of intestinal perforation and catheter migration in pediatric patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}