Current Medical Imaging Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Diagnostic Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis using B1-Corrected T1 Mapping and DWI-Based Virtual Elastography.","authors":"Yuanqiang Zou, Jiaqi Chen, Jinyuan Liao","doi":"10.2174/0115734056401119250908130930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056401119250908130930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Liver fibrosis is a key pathological process that can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure. Although magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an established noninvasive method for fibrosis staging, its clinical application is limited by hardware dependence. The diagnostic utility of diffusionweighted imaging-based virtual MRE (vMRE) and B1-corrected T1 mapping in liver fibrosis assessment remains to be further investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty rabbits were included in the final analysis: CCl4-induced fibrosis (n=33) and control (n=7). Following Gd-EOB-DTPA administration, DWI and T1 mapping sequences were executed at 5 and 10 minutes. Diagnostic efficacy and correlations of vMRE and T1 mapping in a rabbit liver fibrosis model were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rabbits were classified into three groups: Control (n=7), Nonadvanced fibrosis (F1-F2, n=20), and Advanced fibrosis (F3-F4, n=13). The AUC values for T1post_5min, T1post_10min, rΔT1_10min, and μdiff in distinguishing controls from nonadvanced and advanced fibrosis groups were (0.78, 0.82, 0.71), (0.82, 0.85, 0.77), and (0.62, 0.69, 0.74), respectively, with μdiff showing (0.90, 0.93, 0.66). A significant positive correlation existed between μdiff and liver fibrosis grade (r=0.534, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>μdiff correlated well with fibrosis severity and effectively identified fibrotic livers, but showed limited ability to distinguish fibrosis stages, likely due to overlapping tissue stiffness. B1-corrected T1 mapping offered complementary functional information, with the 10-minute post-contrast time point providing the best staging performance, thereby enhancing the overall diagnostic value.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced T1 mapping and DWI-based vMRE provide substantial noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nerve Fiber Bundle Damage in Spinocerebellar Degeneration on Diffusion Tensor Imaging.","authors":"Hong-Xin Jiang, Yan-Mei Ju, Guo-Min Ji, Ting-Ting Gao, Yan Xu, Shu-Man Han, Lei Cao, Jin-Xu Wen, Hui-Zhao Wu, Bulang Gao, Wen-Juan Wu","doi":"10.2174/0115734056385511250912062114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056385511250912062114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate nerve fiber bundle damage associated with spinocerebellar degeneration, a dominant inherited neurological disorder, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four cases of spinocerebellar degeneration and ten matched healthy subjects were retrospectively enrolled. DTI software was used for processing and analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients had an abnormal spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 3 gene mutation, with cerebellar and brainstem atrophy, a decreased signal in the pons and projection fibers. Significant interruption and destruction were revealed in the midline of the cerebellar peduncle, cerebellar arcuate fibers, and the spinothalamic and spinocerebellar tracts. Significant (p <0.05) decreases were detected in FA values in the cerebellar peduncle (0.51±0.04 vs. 0.68±0.02), cerebellar arcuate fibers (0.37±0.08 vs. 0.51±0.05), spinothalamic tract (0.42±0.03 vs. 0.49±0.05), and spinocerebellar tract (0.44±0.06 vs. 0.52±0.06) compared with healthy controls. Compared with healthy controls, significant (p <0.05) increases were detected in ADC values in the cerebellar peduncle (0.84±0.11 vs. 0.67±0.03), cerebellar arcuate fibers (0.87±0.12 vs. 0.66±0.05), spinothalamic tract (0.89±0.13 vs. 0.70±0.03) within the brainstem, and spinocerebellar tract (0.79±0.07 vs. 0.69±0.06).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The MRI DTI technique provides sufficient information for studying spinocerebellar degeneration and for conducting further research on its etiology and diagnosis. Some limitations were present, including the retrospective and single-center study design, a limited patient sample, and enrollment of only Chinese patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MRI DTI technique can clearly demonstrate the degree of damage to nerve fiber bundles in the cerebellum and the adjacent relationship between the fiber bundles entering and exiting the cerebellum in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145139368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different Neuroimaging Measurement Techniques for the Cerebellum in Alzheimer's Disease: VolBrain-Horos Comparison.","authors":"Zumrut Dogan, Muhammed Emre Yuzer, Busra Zencirci, Fatih Uckardes, Erman Altunisik, Ali Haydar Baykan","doi":"10.2174/0115734056394839250912054625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056394839250912054625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has greater soft tissue contrast than other imaging modalities, has increased over the last 30 years. Studies have shown that MRI is frequently used for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases. The incidence of Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative condition, is increasing due to population aging and has a detrimental impact on quality of life. Volumetric changes in many important anatomical structures have been detected in magnetic resonance (MR) images of Alzheimer's disease patients. Various software programs, such as OsiriX, Horos, and VolBrain, are currently used to perform area and volume measurements in various brain structures. In this study, we compared the VolBrain and Horos applications for volume measurements of the cerebellum, whose relationship with Alzheimer's disease is not yet fully understood. We aimed to assess the consistency between the applications using various statistical methods and to highlight their respective advantages and disadvantages for researchers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study. The patient group comprised 50 individuals with Alzheimer's disease aged 30-65 years. T1 MR images of 50 Alzheimer's disease patients were first acquired via the VolBrain program and then via the Horos program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The applications used yielded almost identical measurement results, and no significant differences were observed.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Both applications have been found to produce consistent results. This indicates that the methods are reliable and that either application can be effectively used for the intended purpose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the choice between the two applications depends largely on the user's data requirements, software preferences, and hardware capabilities. These factors play a decisive role in the selection process.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal Imaging Features in a Fatal Case of Incontinentia Pigmenti with Severe Neurological Involvement: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Song Zhang, Lili Jiang, Mingshun Wan, Bing Zhang, Yongwei Guo, Chao Chen, Rui Wang, Qun Lao, Weifang Yang","doi":"10.2174/0115734056399655250905074918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056399655250905074918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) is a rare X-linked dominant neurocutaneous disorder characterized by cutaneous, ocular, and neurological manifestations. We present a fatal case of IP with atypical neuroimaging findings.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 4-month-old female infant presented with generalized hyperpigmentation, palatal cleft, and acute encephalopathy. Initial non-contrast cranial Computed Tomography (CT) demonstrated cerebellar hypoattenuation with punctate calcifications and ventriculomegaly. Subsequent Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) demonstrated extensive ischemia, edema, and hemorrhagic lesions in the brainstem, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing did not detect pathogenic variants in the Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Kinase Regulatory Subunit Gamma (IKBKG) gene (NM_003639.3).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the critical role of neuroimaging in diagnosing IP-related neurological complications and emphasizes the need for early multimodal imaging evaluation. The discordance between clinical phenotype and genetic findings warrants further investigation into novel pathogenic mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PneumoNet: Deep Neural Network for Advanced Pneumonia Detection.","authors":"T R Mahesh, Muskan Gupta, Abhilasha Thakur, Surbhi Bhatia Khan, Mohammed Tabrez Quasim, Ahlam Almusharraf","doi":"10.2174/0115734056380939250527080046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056380939250527080046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Advancements in computational methods in medicine have brought about extensive improvement in the diagnosis of illness, with machine learning models such as Convolutional Neural Networks leading the charge. This work introduces PneumoNet, a novel deep-learning model designed for accurate pneumonia detection from chest X-ray images. Pneumonia detection from chest X-ray images is one of the greatest challenges in diagnostic practice and medical imaging. Proper identification of standard chest X-ray views or pneumonia-specific views is required to perform this task effectively. Contemporary methods, such as classical machine learning models and initial deep learning methods, guarantee good performance but are generally marred by accuracy, generalizability, and preprocessing issues. These techniques are generally marred by clinical usage constraints like high false positives and poor performance over a broad spectrum of datasets.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A novel deep learning architecture, PneumoNet, has been proposed as a solution to these problems. PneumoNet applies a convolutional neural network (CNN) structure specifically employed for the improvement of accuracy and precision in image classification. The model employs several layers of convolution as well as pooling, followed by fully connected dense layers, for efficient extraction of intricate features in X-ray images. The innovation of this approach lies in its advanced layer structure and its training, which are optimized to enhance feature extraction and classification performance greatly. The model proposed here, PneumoNet, has been cross-validated and trained on a well-curated dataset that includes a balanced representation of normal and pneumonia cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantitative results demonstrate the model's performance, with an overall accuracy of 98% and precision values of 96% for normal and 98% for pneumonia cases. The recall values for normal and pneumonia cases are 96% and 98%, respectively, highlighting the consistency of the model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These performance measures collectively indicate the promise of the proposed model to improve the diagnostic process, with a substantial advancement over current methods and paving the way for its application in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning based Radiomics from Multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis in Cervical Cancer.","authors":"Jing Liu, Mingxuan Zhu, Li Li, Lele Zang, Lan Luo, Fei Zhu, Huiqi Zhang, Qin Xu","doi":"10.2174/0115734056376718250904221020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056376718250904221020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Construct and compare multiple machine learning models to predict lymph node (LN) metastasis in cervical cancer, utilizing radiomic features extracted from preoperative multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study retrospectively enrolled 407 patients with cervical cancer who were randomly divided into a training cohort (n=284) and a validation cohort (n=123). A total of 4065 radiomic features were extracted from the tumor regions of interest on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, T2-weighted imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging for each patient. The Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation analysis, and selection operator Cox regression analysis were employed for radiomic feature selection. The relationship between MRI radiomic features and LN status was analyzed using five machine-learning algorithms. Model performance was evaluated by measuring the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and accuracy (ACC). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to validate the prognostic value of selected clinical and radiomic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LN metastasis was pathologically detected in 24.3% (99/407) of patients. Following a three-step feature selection, 18 radiomic features were employed for model construction. The XGBoost model exhibited superior performance compared to other models, achieving an AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score of 0.9268, 0.8969, 0.7419, 0.9891, and 0.8364, respectively, on the validation set. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier curves indicated a significant correlation between radiomic scores and progression-free survival in cervical cancer patients (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Among the machine learning models, XGBoost demonstrated the best predictive ability for LN metastasis and showed prognostic value through its radiomic score, highlighting its clinical potential.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Machine learning-based multi-parametric MRI radiomic analysis demonstrated promising performance in the preoperative prediction of LN metastasis and clinical prognosis in cervical cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver Functions in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease and Liver Cirrhosis: Correlation of FLIS and LKER with PALBI Grade and APRI.","authors":"Ahmet Cem Demirşah, Elif Gündoğdu","doi":"10.2174/0115734056388870250818114743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056388870250818114743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In chronic liver disease (CLD) and liver cirrhosis (LC), assessing hepatic function and disease severity is crucial for patient management. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between platelet-albumin-bilirubin (PALBI) grade and aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index (APRI) with the functional liver imaging score (FLIS) and liver-to-kidney enhancement ratio (LKER) using gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced hepatobiliary phase (HBP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After applying exclusion criteria, 86 patients with CLD or LC who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI between January 2018 and October 2023 were included. APRI and PALBI grades were calculated from laboratory data. FLIS was determined as the sum of three HBP imaging features (liver parenchymal enhancement, biliary excretion, and portal vein sign), with each scoring 0-2. LKER was calculated by dividing liver signal intensity by kidney intensity using region of interest (ROI) measurements. Spearman's correlation was used to assess relationships between the variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>APRI showed a weak negative correlation with both FLIS (r = -0.327, p = 0.02) and LKER (r = -0.308, p = 0.004). PALBI showed a moderate negative correlation with FLIS (r = -0.495, p = 0.001) and LKER (r = -0.554, p = 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>FLIS and LKER moderately correlated with PALBI and weakly with APRI. LKER may be a more practical tool due to its quantitative nature. Despite limitations, combining imaging and lab-based scores could enhance liver function assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FLIS and LKER can validate, rather than predict or exclude, liver dysfunction in CLD and LC.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Diagnostic Consistency between Delayed Radiographs taken Two Hours and Twenty-four Hours Post Hysterosalpingography using Ultra-Fluid Lipiodol-based Contrast Medium.","authors":"Yitang Wang","doi":"10.2174/0115734056258980231112082655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056258980231112082655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hysthyosalpingography (HSG) is commonly used to diagnose fallopian tubal disease. At the same time, a 24-hour interval is needed for taking delayed radiographs post-HSG using an oil-based contrast medium, which is inconvenient.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study used an Ultra-Fluid Lipiodol-based contrast medium to compare the diagnostic consistency between delayed radiographs taken 2 hours and 24 hours post-HSG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 78 patients who received HSG examinations using ultrafluid lipiodol were enrolled in this cohort study. Then, after 2 hours and 24 hours, delayed radiographs were taken, which were subsequently randomized and assigned to two folders and read by investigators to assess the patency of the fallopian tubes, uterine morphology, and pelvic cavity morphology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The delayed radiographs that were taken 2 hours and 24 hours post-HSG revealed substantial agreement in the diagnosis of fallopian tube patency (with a Gwet's AC1 value of 0.624) and almost perfect agreement in determining uterine morphology (with a Gwet's AC1 value of 0.943) and pelvic cavity morphology (with a Gwet's AC1 value of 0.876). Twenty-nine (37.2%) and 3 (3.8%) patients experienced mild and moderate pain, respectively, and 3 (3.8%) patients suffered countercurrent blood flow during the HSG. After HSG, only 9 (11.5%) patients were exposed to mild pain. Vaginal bleeding did not occur either during or after HSG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taking delayed radiographs 2 hours post-HSG using Ultra-Fluid Lipiodol exhibits high consistency in evaluating tubal patency and uterine and pelvic cavity morphology compared with the traditional 24-hour scheme.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Left Heart Function in Heart Failure Patients with Different Ejection Fraction Types using a Transthoracic Three-dimensional Echocardiography Heart-Model.","authors":"Shen-Yi Li, Yi Zhang, Qing-Qing Long, Ming-Juan Chen, Si-Yu Wang, Wei-Ying Sun","doi":"10.2174/0115734056388350250903130655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056388350250903130655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Heart failure (HF) is classified into three types based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). A newly developed transthoracic threedimensional (3D) echocardiography Heart-Model (HM) offers quick analysis of the volume and function of the left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV). This study aimed to determine the value of the HM in HF patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 117 patients with HF were divided into three groups according to EF: preserved EF (HFpEF, EF ≥50%), mid-range EF (HFmrEF, EF =41%-49%), and reduced EF (HFrEF, EF ≤40%). The HM was applied to analyze 3D cardiac functional parameters. LVEF was obtained using Simpson's biplane method. The N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration was measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in age, female proportion, body mass index, and comorbidities were observed among the three groups. With decreasing EF across the groups, the 3D volumetric parameters of the LA and LV increased, while LVEF decreased. The LV E/e' was significantly higher in HFrEF patients than in HFpEF patients. LVEF measurement was achieved in significantly less time with the HM compared with the conventional Simpson's biplane method. The NT-proBNP concentration increased in the following pattern: HFrEF > HFmrEF > HFpEF. The NT-proBNP concentration correlated positively with LV volume and negatively with LVEF from both the HM and Simpson's biplane method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LA and LV volumes increase, and the derived LV systolic function decreases with increasing HF severity determined by the HM. The functional parameters measurements provided by the HM are associated with laboratory indicators, indicating the feasibility of using the HM in routine clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced U-Net with Attention Mechanisms for Improved Feature Representation in Lung Nodule Segmentation.","authors":"Thin Myat Moe Aung, Arfat Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.2174/0115734056386382250902064757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734056386382250902064757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accurate segmentation of small and irregular pulmonary nodules remains a significant challenge in lung cancer diagnosis, particularly in complex imaging backgrounds. Traditional U-Net models often struggle to capture long-range dependencies and integrate multi-scale features, limiting their effectiveness in addressing these challenges. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an enhanced U-Net hybrid model that integrates multiple attention mechanisms to enhance feature representation and improve the precision of segmentation outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The assessment of the proposed model was conducted using the LUNA16 dataset, which contains annotated CT scans of pulmonary nodules. Multiple attention mechanisms, including Spatial Attention (SA), Dilated Efficient Channel Attention (Dilated ECA), Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), and Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) Block, were integrated into a U-Net backbone. These modules were strategically combined to enhance both local and global feature representations. The model's architecture and training procedures were designed to address the challenges of segmenting small and irregular pulmonary nodules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed model achieved a Dice similarity coefficient of 84.30%, significantly outperforming the baseline U-Net model. This result demonstrates improved accuracy in segmenting small and irregular pulmonary nodules.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The integration of multiple attention mechanisms significantly enhances the model's ability to capture both local and global features, addressing key limitations of traditional U-Net architectures. SA preserves spatial features for small nodules, while Dilated ECA captures long-range dependencies. CBAM and SE further refine feature representations. Together, these modules improve segmentation performance in complex imaging backgrounds. A potential limitation is that performance may still be constrained in cases with extreme anatomical variability or lowcontrast lesions, suggesting directions for future research.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Enhanced U-Net hybrid model outperforms the traditional U-Net, effectively addressing challenges in segmenting small and irregular pulmonary nodules within complex imaging backgrounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":54215,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Imaging Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145066291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}