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Novel aspects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in septic shock 脓毒性休克中肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统的新进展
IF 1.9
Current Opinion in Physiology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100894
Christopher L Schaich , Ashish K Khanna , Mark C Chappell
{"title":"Novel aspects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in septic shock","authors":"Christopher L Schaich ,&nbsp;Ashish K Khanna ,&nbsp;Mark C Chappell","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sepsis and septic shock are associated with high mortality rates and constitute the primary cause of death in intensive care units worldwide. Activation of the circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an early event, and elements of the RAAS, including renin, Angiotensinogen, and ACE2, may be predictive of worse outcomes and higher mortality that reflect a failure to increase the circulating levels of the vasopressor Ang II. Emerging evidence suggests that dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP3) is involved in the metabolism of Ang II, and higher DPP3 in septic shock may contribute to lower Ang II tone. The current review considers the role of a dysfunctional RAAS to maintain blood pressure and adequate tissue perfusion in septic shock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100894"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent insights into the immunobiology of congenital cytomegalovirus infection 先天性巨细胞病毒感染的免疫生物学研究进展。
IF 1.9
Current Opinion in Physiology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100909
Elizabeth Ann L. Enninga , Mark R. Schleiss , Craig J. Bierle
{"title":"Recent insights into the immunobiology of congenital cytomegalovirus infection","authors":"Elizabeth Ann L. Enninga ,&nbsp;Mark R. Schleiss ,&nbsp;Craig J. Bierle","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital viral infection and therapeutic interventions remain limited. This review highlights recent findings on the immunobiology of HCMV during pregnancy, exploring the roles of maternal and fetal/neonatal T cell responses in controlling infection. The utility of <em>in vitro</em> models of infection is discussed, with emphasis on the use of novel trophoblast stem cells and placental organoids to study HCMV transmission at the maternal–fetal interface and the response to infection. Efficacious vaccines have yet to be developed. Recent clinical trials are discussed with emphasis on the continuing need for research into immune correlates of protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147286141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunological actions of the renin angiotensin system 肾素-血管紧张素系统的免疫作用
IF 1.9
Current Opinion in Physiology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100923
Taylor C Kress, Steven D Crowley
{"title":"Immunological actions of the renin angiotensin system","authors":"Taylor C Kress,&nbsp;Steven D Crowley","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is classically recognized as a hormonal cascade governing blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and intravascular volume homeostasis. Activation of this system is initiated by renin release from juxtaglomerular cells and culminates in the generation of angiotensin II via angiotensin converting enzyme. This system maintains hemodynamic stability through vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and aldosterone release. However, recent discoveries have identified RAS functions beyond vascular and renal physiology to include a major immunomodulatory network capable of regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and adaptive immune responses. This review synthesizes emerging evidence defining the dual pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of RAS components acting on and within immune cell populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100923"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lipoproteins and aldosterone in obesity-associated hypertension 肥胖相关性高血压的脂蛋白和醛固酮
IF 1.9
Current Opinion in Physiology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100924
Wendy B Bollag
{"title":"Lipoproteins and aldosterone in obesity-associated hypertension","authors":"Wendy B Bollag","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypertension affects approximately 46% of the adult population in the US, with about 40% of cases attributed to obesity. Obese individuals have dyslipidemia, including high serum levels of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). VLDL has been shown to increase aldosterone production in glomerulosa cell models <em>in vitro</em>. These data suggest the possibility that VLDL may contribute to obesity-associated hypertension through effects on aldosterone levels, which have already been linked to both obesity and hypertension. The data connecting VLDL and aldosterone to obesity-related hypertension are discussed, and the idea that VLDL may function as a gain control mechanism for adrenocortical renin-angiotensin II signaling is proposed. However, the role of VLDL in aldosterone-mediated hypertension in obesity is unproven, emphasizing the need for further study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100924"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Maternal environment during pregnancy shapes offspring neural circuitry and social behaviors 怀孕期间的母体环境塑造了后代的神经回路和社会行为
IF 1.9
Current Opinion in Physiology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100910
Minjeong Kim , Chloe H Puglisi , Andrew Hojjat , Emily Nagel , Helen E Vuong
{"title":"Maternal environment during pregnancy shapes offspring neural circuitry and social behaviors","authors":"Minjeong Kim ,&nbsp;Chloe H Puglisi ,&nbsp;Andrew Hojjat ,&nbsp;Emily Nagel ,&nbsp;Helen E Vuong","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social interactions encompass complex behaviors that promote individual and group benefits, such as communication and cooperation, but can also include negative outcomes, including competition and conflict. Neural circuits that facilitate social behaviors begin developing <em>in utero</em> and are informed by the maternal environment, which includes nutritional status, immune state, stress, and microbiome composition. This relationship between the maternal environment during pregnancy and the programming of social circuits and behaviors suggests a critical window of opportunity for early intervention strategies for social disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders. Here, we review recent causal mechanistic findings on how maternal environmental exposures during pregnancy can shape the development and function of circuits implicated in social behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100910"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contemporary approaches to enhance employability and skill development for physiology students 提高生理学学生就业能力和技能发展的现代方法
IF 1.9
Current Opinion in Physiology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100918
Harley J Robertson-Cocks
{"title":"Contemporary approaches to enhance employability and skill development for physiology students","authors":"Harley J Robertson-Cocks","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Employability is a key concern for physiology students and educators, yet graduate destinations remain diverse and often uncategorised. This review summarises contemporary curricular and extracurricular strategies to enhance employability and transferable skill development in physiology education. Approaches highlighted include authentic assessment, simulation-based learning, placement years, enterprise education, and career-focused modules. Emphasis is placed on embedding skill development within the curriculum and supporting students in recognising and articulating their attributes. The review highlights gaps in provision for non-clinical career pathways and advocates for inclusive, benchmark-aligned, future-facing practices. A conceptual framework and mapping tool are provided to support educators in designing programmes that prepare graduates for a rapidly evolving workforce.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extracellular vesicles and the placenta–brain axis: mechanisms of shared risk in pregnancy and perinatal psychiatry 细胞外囊泡和胎盘-脑轴：妊娠和围产期精神病学的共同风险机制。
IF 1.9
Current Opinion in Physiology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100913
Hannah Hazzard , Brianna Blaine , Benjamin B Borrman , Susan Q Shen , Serena B Gumusoglu
{"title":"Extracellular vesicles and the placenta–brain axis: mechanisms of shared risk in pregnancy and perinatal psychiatry","authors":"Hannah Hazzard ,&nbsp;Brianna Blaine ,&nbsp;Benjamin B Borrman ,&nbsp;Susan Q Shen ,&nbsp;Serena B Gumusoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obstetric complications are associated with both maternal psychiatric risk and with neurodevelopmental risk in exposed offspring. This association points to shared mechanisms linking prengnacy complications to adverse brain outcomes in both mothers and children. We propose that extracellular vesicles (EVs) may subserve this shared psycho-obstetric risk. EVs are small lipid bilayer-bound particles containing regulatory nucleic acids and proteins that are released from cells into circulation, where they readily cross blood–brain and placental barriers. In pregnancy, EVs are produced in large numbers by the placenta and are implicated in pregnancy-related medical and psychiatric conditions via vascular, endocrine, and immune mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100913"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146229688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chronic vs acute effects of central angiotensin (1–7) on blood pressure: a region-specific perspective 中枢性血管紧张素对血压的慢性和急性影响（1-7）：区域特异性视角
IF 1.9
Current Opinion in Physiology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100891
Krzysztof Mińczuk
{"title":"Chronic vs acute effects of central angiotensin (1–7) on blood pressure: a region-specific perspective","authors":"Krzysztof Mińczuk","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The central angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin (Ang) (1–7)/Mas receptor (MasR) axis, expressed in key autonomic nuclei (nucleus tractus solitarius [NTS], caudal ventrolateral medulla [CVLM], paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus [PVN], rostral ventrolateral medulla [RVLM]), counter-regulates the classical Ang II/AT₁R pathway to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. Acute microinjections reveal regional specificity: NTS/CVLM activation elicits depressor and sympatho-inhibitory effects via phosphatidy-linositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) signaling, while PVN/RVLM stimulation induces pressor and sympathoexcitatory responses through glutamate, vasopressin, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) pathways. Conversely, chronic intracerebroventricular infusion or targeted ACE2 overexpression in RVLM/PVN consistently lowers blood pressure, enhances baroreflex sensitivity, and suppresses sympathetic outflow in hypertensive models. This functional dichotomy highlights context-dependent autonomic control. Brain-penetrant MasR agonists and oral Ang (1–7) formulations replicate cardioprotective effects, supporting their therapeutic potential in resistant hypertension and heart failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100891"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sex-based differences in outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery 冠状动脉搭桥术后结果的性别差异
IF 1.9
Current Opinion in Physiology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100889
Alice Narushevich , Yazan Saleh , Abigail Greek , Hamnah Majeed , Bobby Yanagawa
{"title":"Sex-based differences in outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery","authors":"Alice Narushevich ,&nbsp;Yazan Saleh ,&nbsp;Abigail Greek ,&nbsp;Hamnah Majeed ,&nbsp;Bobby Yanagawa","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2025.100889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is the gold standard treatment for complex coronary revascularization. Despite advancements in the field, females continue to experience higher rates of morbidity and mortality post-CABG surgery compared to males. Such differences may be explained by smaller coronary anatomy, technically more challenging surgery, delayed diagnosis leading to a more complex disease process at presentation, different use of surgical techniques, and the under-representation of females in cardiac surgery. Potential targeted strategies to improve surgical outcomes in females post-CABG surgery may include the creation of specialized clinics focused on female cardiovascular health, clinical trials that focus on recruitment of female participants in the primary analysis, and increased female physician representation in cardiac surgery. This narrative review provides an in-depth summary of sex-based differences in CABG surgery outcomes, with a focus on the most recent published literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100889"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The educational benefits of experimental practical classes in physiology 生理学实验实践课的教育效益
IF 1.9
Current Opinion in Physiology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100919
Kamilah Jooganah , Matthew J Mason
{"title":"The educational benefits of experimental practical classes in physiology","authors":"Kamilah Jooganah ,&nbsp;Matthew J Mason","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2026.100919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the advantages of online formats, physiology practical classes featuring live, hands-on experimentation have not been completely supplanted. We sought to identify and categorize the key educational benefits of such laboratory classes, without implying that these benefits are confined to this learning environment. Our first major category focuses on the development of scientific skills. It includes familiarization with equipment, techniques, and methodology, the management of experimental errors and data variability, and aiding understanding of theoretical concepts. Our second major category relates to students’ personal development, encompassing peer learning, opportunities for meaningful student-staff interactions, and the formation of professional identity. This short review is intended to provide an accessible introduction to the literature for educators considering revisions to their practical curricula.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100919"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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