{"title":"The two-sided impact of beta-adrenergic receptor ligands on inflammation","authors":"Paulina Dragan, Dorota Latek","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beta-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) encompass three distinct subtypes, which participate in modulating inflammatory responses. Both agonists and antagonists of these receptors are used to treat numerous diseases and have often been observed to have a protective role on different kinds of tissues. β-AR antagonists are used to treat cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but may worsen inflammation in neurodegenerative disorders. However, two β-AR antagonists, carvedilol and nebivolol, can attenuate the formation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Many β-AR agonists have proved to mediate anti-inflammatory signals, especially in regard to suppressing the inflammatory response of macrophages or providing protective effects in cases of hypoxia. The activation of beta-adrenergic receptors can, however, be a double-edged sword, as their overactivation may result in cardiac inflammation. Here, we aim to provide an overview of recent advances in studying the connection between β-ARs and inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100779"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adrenergic modulation of neutrophil and macrophage functions: pathophysiological cues","authors":"Carmen Vida , Yadileiny Portilla , Cristina Murga","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this review, we will summarize current and past findings on the adrenergic regulation of myeloid cell functions and dynamics, with special emphasis on the pathophysiological impact of such modulation. Adrenergic signaling has traditionally been described to be immunosuppressive, but some recent results are challenging this paradigm, in particular those related to <em>in vivo</em> models of stress and findings in human patients. Also, cumulative evidence reveals that the final pro- or anti-inflammatory outcome of adrenergic inputs in myeloid cells appears to be very dependent on the experimental setup utilized or on the cellular context (resting vs stimulated conditions, <em>in vivo</em> vs <em>in vitro</em> settings, mice vs human cells, health vs pathology). Varying doses and/or time points may result in seemingly contradictory results that depend on the nature of receptor engaged (α or β adrenergic receptor subtypes), the downstream cascades involved, the presence of additional stimulatory or inhibitory signals, and the actual kinetics of the process studied. We will thus address some of these apparently paradoxical findings, review several pathological settings in which adrenergic modulation of neutrophil or macrophage-mediated immunity is relevant, and discuss open questions that still remain unanswered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial overview: Sex differences in personalized medicine and beyond","authors":"Mark J Kohr, Susan E Howlett, Licy Yanes Cardozo","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100777","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100777"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lilly Underwood, Chun-sun Jiang, Joo-Yeun Oh, Priscila Y Sato
{"title":"Unheralded adrenergic receptor signaling in cellular oxidative stress and death","authors":"Lilly Underwood, Chun-sun Jiang, Joo-Yeun Oh, Priscila Y Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Catecholamines (CAs) bind and activate adrenergic receptors (ARs), thus exuding a key role in cardiac adaptations to global physiological queues. Prolonged exposure to high levels of CAs promotes deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, leading to organ dysfunction and heart failure (HF). In addition to the prominent role of ARs in inotropic and chronotropic responses, recent studies have delved into elucidating mechanisms contributing to CA toxicity and cell death. Central to this process is understanding the involvement of α1AR and βAR in cardiac remodeling and mechanisms of cellular survival. Here, we highlight the complexity of AR signaling and the fundamental need for a better understanding of its contribution to oxidative stress and cell death. This crucial informational nexus remains a barrier to the development of new therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biogenesis and secretion of mitovesicles, small extracellular vesicles of mitochondrial origin at the crossroads between brain health and disease","authors":"Yohan Kim , Pasquale D’Acunzo , Efrat Levy","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the brain, mitochondrial components are released into the extracellular space via several mechanisms, including a recently identified type of extracellular vesicles called mitovesicles. While vesiculation of neuronal mitochondria yields various intracellular types of vesicles, with either a single or a double membrane, mitovesicles secreted into the extracellular space are a unique subtype of these mitochondria-derived vesicles, with a double membrane and a specific set of mitochondrial DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. Based on the most relevant literature describing mitochondrial vesiculation and mitochondrial exocytosis, we propose a model for their secretion when the amphisomes, a hybrid endosome–autophagosome organelle, fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing mitovesicles and exosomes into the extracellular space. In aging and neurodegenerative disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction, in association with endolysosomal abnormalities, alter mitovesicle number and content, with downstream effect on brain health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Worawan B Limpitikul , Marta Garcia-Contreras , Saumya Das
{"title":"The emerging role of extracellular vesicle RNAs as mediators of cardiometabolic diseases: from pathophysiology to clinical applications","authors":"Worawan B Limpitikul , Marta Garcia-Contreras , Saumya Das","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are a leading contributor to worldwide morbidity and mortality. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of CMDs reveal crucial roles of intercellular crosstalk between metabolically active organs and cardiac cells. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid membrane-delimited particles containing diverse cargo (including small and long RNAs, proteins, lipids, and metabolites), and nonvesicular extracellular particles (NVEPs) have emerged as key mediators of cell-to-cell communications. EV cargo can reflect the metabolic state of their cells of origin and affect the function of their target cells. Understanding EV cargo content and function is essential for unraveling the pathophysiology of CMDs. This mini-review describes recent studies on EV-mediated local and interorgan crosstalk in CMDs, focusing on those that lead to atrial and ventricular myopathy, which are hallmarks of atrial fibrillation and heart failure, respectively. Lastly, this review discusses the potential applications of EVs in the diagnostics and therapeutics of these CMDs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141240112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Pérez-Capó , Antònia Obrador-Hevia , Diego de Miguel-Perez , Christian Rolfo
{"title":"Engineered extracellular vesicles for cancer drug delivery and therapeutics","authors":"Marina Pérez-Capó , Antònia Obrador-Hevia , Diego de Miguel-Perez , Christian Rolfo","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The battle against cancer remains a formidable challenge despite ongoing efforts worldwide. Current treatments are limited, leading to increased interest in personalized approaches, including drug delivery via extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are lipid bilayer particles released by cells that play a crucial role in intercellular communication by transferring biological compounds. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that EVs are also effective delivery vehicles for other cargo, such as chemotherapeutic drugs, immunotherapeutic agents, or nucleic acid–based therapeutics with improved pharmacokinetics. This review focuses on the latest advances on EVs as drug carriers in cancer therapy, pointing out the current ongoing clinical trials testing the potential of molecules, such as interleukin-12, STING agonists, or KRAS-G12D small interfering RNA. The evolving landscape of EVs in targeted cancer therapeutics holds significant promise for developing safer, personalized, and cell-free therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergio G. Garcia , Marta Clos-Sansalvador , Marta Sanroque-Muñoz , Linrong Pan , Marcella Franquesa
{"title":"Functional and potency assays for mesenchymal stromal cell–extracellular vesicles in kidney disease","authors":"Sergio G. Garcia , Marta Clos-Sansalvador , Marta Sanroque-Muñoz , Linrong Pan , Marcella Franquesa","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cophys.2024.100746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kidney diseases pose a significant challenge, lacking effective therapies. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapies have emerged as a novel advanced therapeutic. Particularly, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and their EV are being explored as potential candidates. While MSC-EV therapeutics offer promise, there is a lack of widely standardized potency tests to assess EV effectiveness. Tailoring potency assessment in kidney diseases requires considering multifactorial effects and may necessitate a combination of multiple assays to recapitulate EV function. The design of a matrix of assays will be specific for the chosen disease and will involve specific molecular mechanisms and biological processes. This review highlights recent MSC-EV functional assays focused on modeling kidney disease mechanisms of action.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140134704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giada Corti , Rene Buchet , Andrea Magrini , Pietro Ciancaglini , Saida Mebarek , Massimo Bottini
{"title":"The surface proteomic profile of serum extracellular vesicles as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in breast cancer","authors":"Giada Corti , Rene Buchet , Andrea Magrini , Pietro Ciancaglini , Saida Mebarek , Massimo Bottini","doi":"10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The diagnosis of breast cancer in the early stage is essential for a favorable prognosis. Extracellular vesicles isolated from body fluids have a central role in breast cancer development due to their biochemical components. Among the biochemical components, surface proteins mediate vesicle interactions with elements of the extracellular milieu, the extracellular matrix, and neighboring cells. The identification of specific surface proteomic profile has been regarded as an easy and reproducible means to define cancer parameters, identify markers for a diagnosis, and determine targets for therapeutical treatments. In this review, we will focus on annexins, tetraspanins, integrins, immune checkpoint proteins, and growth factor receptors that have been identified on the surface of extracellular vesicles isolated from the serum of patients with breast cancer and that have been found to be relevant diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52156,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Physiology","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468867323001050/pdfft?md5=8fa9d5e9fec9ceaa07efb361c2b98d35&pid=1-s2.0-S2468867323001050-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}