Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite最新文献_第6页

Construire des savoir-faire perceptifs en apnée - Une méthode de réflexivité en action coach-pratiquant 在呼吸暂停中建立感知技能-在教练-实践者的行动中反射的方法

Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/SM/2018010

Mary Schirrer

{"title":"Construire des savoir-faire perceptifs en apnée - Une méthode de réflexivité en action coach-pratiquant","authors":"Mary Schirrer","doi":"10.1051/SM/2018010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2018010","url":null,"abstract":"Progresser en apnee suppose notamment d’apprendre a ecouter les signes subtils ou violents envoyes par le corps. Cette recherche analyse les difficultes et strategies des pratiquants et entraineurs pour s’approprier ce corps vivant qui reagit et s’adapte a l’environnement aquatique et au stress genere par la situation d’apnee. Le cadre theorique est celui de la phenomenologie et de l’anthropologie sensorielle. La demarche est ethnographique. L’enjeu de l’article est double. D’une part rendre compte de l’activite d’apneistes ordinaires a partir d’observations participantes. Il s’agit d’identifier comment ils apprennent a ressentir et a se reperer parmi cette diversite de sensations corporelles qui emergent de la situation d’apnee ; quelles techniques et quelles procedures favorisent la construction de savoir-faire perceptifs relatifs aux sensations corporelles. D’autre part presenter et analyser une methode de reflexivite en action initiee par un entraineur afin de co-construire, avec l’athlete, une echelle esthesiologique, en caracterisant les indices significatifs pour le sujet engage dans son apnee, ainsi qu’une strategie permettant de depasser des blocages eventuels. Finalement, ce travail invite a reveler les savoir-faire et l’expertise d’acteurs engages sur le terrain afin d’ameliorer certains processus perceptifs, au service de performances ameliorees et/ou d’une meilleure gestion de son capital corporel.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"35-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2018010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57995384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Reconsidering the fundamental movement skills construct: Implications for assessment 重新考虑基本动作技能结构:评估的意义

Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/SM/2018025

Jonathan Leo Ng, C. Button

{"title":"Reconsidering the fundamental movement skills construct: Implications for assessment","authors":"Jonathan Leo Ng, C. Button","doi":"10.1051/SM/2018025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2018025","url":null,"abstract":"A wide range of movement experiences over the early years of life is crucial for the development of expertise in skill later in adulthood. A set of movements termed Fundamental Movement Skills has been suggested as a precursor for performance of more complex movement. The attainment of FMS during childhood is certainly a noble and worthwhile aim. However, we argue that mastery of FMS as demonstrated through movement assessment batteries does not sufficiently capture movement competence in the general population. Contemporary views of motor development, such as Ecological Dynamics, suggest instead, that regardless of prior acquisition of a “fundamental” set of skills, an individual’s motor competence is the result of self-organisation under constraint to achieve outcome goals. We propose a working definition of movement competence that stresses the importance of the role of affordance detection and utilisation throughout the lifespan. Thus, what should be considered “foundational” is a wide range of movement experiences that allows an individual adequate opportunities for exploration and refinement in order to build expertise. Encouragingly, new movement assessment tools are emerging that apply these important theoretical concepts and help to reveal how individuals can demonstrate their movement adaptability instead of performing isolated movements based upon an “ideal” standard.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2018025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57995489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Skill transfer, expertise and talent development: An ecological dynamics perspective 技能转移、专业知识和人才发展:生态动力学视角

Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/SM/2019010

L. Seifert, Valentin Papet, Ben William Strafford, Edward K. Coughlan, K. Davids

{"title":"Skill transfer, expertise and talent development: An ecological dynamics perspective","authors":"L. Seifert, Valentin Papet, Ben William Strafford, Edward K. Coughlan, K. Davids","doi":"10.1051/SM/2019010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2019010","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an ecological dynamics perspective on expertise and talent development, with a focus on the role of skill transfer. The ecological dynamics theoretical framework provides an integrated explanation for human behaviour in sport, predicated on a conceptualisation including constraints on dynamical systems, ecological psychology and a complex systems approach in neurobiology. Three main pillars are presented (i.e. , individual-environment coupling as the smallest unit of analysis; adaptation of a complex dynamical system to interacting constraints; and the regulation of action with perception) in order to discuss the functional role of behavioural variability, the usefulness of perceptual-motor exploration and the importance of general and specific skill transfer in the development of talent and expertise in athletes. In addition, practical implications for coaches and instructors are discussed, notably regarding early diversification and unstructured play and activities in talent development programs, but also through variable practice and constraints manipulation.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2019010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57995845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Combining first- and third-person data in Sports Sciences in France: analysis of an original methodology 法国体育科学中第一人称和第三人称数据的结合:一种原始方法的分析

Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/SM/2018003

B. Favier-Ambrosini, M. Quidu

{"title":"Combining first- and third-person data in Sports Sciences in France: analysis of an original methodology","authors":"B. Favier-Ambrosini, M. Quidu","doi":"10.1051/SM/2018003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2018003","url":null,"abstract":"Classically studied from independent methodologies and compartmentalized research programs, first person data (documenting the actor’s personal experience from his own standpoint) and third-person data (data produced from the point of view of an outside observer, without reference to what the actor can feel and independently of his own point of view) have been braided together this past decade with a view to access a more complete and complex outlook on actions. How exactly has the field of French Sports Sciences contributed to the propagation of this original methodology consisting in confronting heterogeneous materials? Our epistemological analysis investigates the social and epistemic conditions of its genesis (progressive conquest of diversified subjects, reference to exemplar studies, dissemination from a core group of authors, etc.) until the establishment of an activity close to normal science. It also formalizes the diversity of the methods of joint analysis between these data (correlation, heuristic discordance, etc.) before evaluating the knowledge effects specifically generated (reinforcement of robustness through triangulation, discovery of new regularities, transformation of intervention practices, etc.). Ultimately, combining first and third-person descriptions is an actual example of a genuinely interdisciplinary practice.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"39-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2018003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57994679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

New directions in the study of expertise in sport and exercise science 体育和运动科学专业知识研究的新方向

Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/SM/2019022

M. Dicks, J. O’Halloran, M. Navarro

引用次数: 0

Anthropometric characteristics and physiological responses of high level swimmers and performance in 100 m freestyle swimming 高水平游泳运动员100米自由泳的人体测量特征和生理反应

Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/SM/2018007

G. Rozi, Vassilios Thanopoulos, N. Geladas, E. Soultanaki, M. Dopsaj

{"title":"Anthropometric characteristics and physiological responses of high level swimmers and performance in 100 m freestyle swimming","authors":"G. Rozi, Vassilios Thanopoulos, N. Geladas, E. Soultanaki, M. Dopsaj","doi":"10.1051/SM/2018007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2018007","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of the anthropometric characteristics on performances has been the subject of many studies (Reilly, T., Bangsbo, J., & Franks, A. (2000). Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. Journal of Sports Science, 18 (9), 669–683) but performance also depends on different physiological parameters. The aim of the present study is to define the anthropometric and physiological variables that best predict performance time of 100 m freestyle swimming. Twenty-five competitive male swimmers (age: 15 ± 1.2 years) participated in the research. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that arm span is the best predictor of 100 m freestyle swimming performance (r = 0.835). Arm span explains 68.5% of the variance of dependent variable (Adj R2 : 0.685). In the final model, the variables that best describe 100 m freestyle swimming are the number of strokes of 100 m freestyle swimming, triceps skinfold, pelvis and shoulders width (Adj R2 : 0.882). These findings confirm the importance of the anthropometric variables for swimming performance and could help coaches in the selection of high-level athletes.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2018007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57995350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Effects of pedal rate and power output on cycling kinematics 踏板速率和功率输出对自行车运动学的影响

Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/SM/2018011

N. Bessot

{"title":"Effects of pedal rate and power output on cycling kinematics","authors":"N. Bessot","doi":"10.1051/SM/2018011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2018011","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the effect of changes in pedal rate and power output in the cycling kinematics of endurance cyclists. Nine male competitive cyclists performed 16 submaximal effort trials of 4 minutes’ duration on a cycle ergometer. Power output was imposed at 50, 100, 150, and 200 W successively for each pedal rate studied (45, 70, 95, 120 rev · min −1 ). The ankle, knee and hip flexion/extension, and pedal angle (pedal axis/malleolus medialis compared to the horizontal) were analysed. We observed an increase of mean pedal angle and a decrease of magnitude in pedal mobilisation when pedal rate increased or power output decreased. The mean pedal angle recorded during a crank cycle seems to depend on pedal load (power/pedal rate ratio). The supposed effect of pedal rate, power and pedal load on pedal angle was confirmed by adjusting a sin function (with pedal rate, power and power/pedal rate ratio as variables) representing the evolution of pedal angle during the crank evolution to experimental data. The modifications due to power and pedal rate change that were observed in pedal kinematics were generally transferred to the upper joints of the legs.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2018011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57995393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effets d’une formation complémentaire sur la compétence d’enseignants stagiaires d’éducation physique et sportive tunisiens à prévenir et à gérer l’indiscipline 进一步培训对突尼斯体育和体育培训教师预防和管理无纪律的能力的影响

Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/SM/2018018

Talel Maddeh, J. Desbiens, N. Souissi

{"title":"Effets d’une formation complémentaire sur la compétence d’enseignants stagiaires d’éducation physique et sportive tunisiens à prévenir et à gérer l’indiscipline","authors":"Talel Maddeh, J. Desbiens, N. Souissi","doi":"10.1051/SM/2018018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2018018","url":null,"abstract":"L’objectif de cette etude est d’analyser l’apport d’un programme de formation en matiere de gestion de l’indiscipline issu du modele de Sieber (2001) sur l’apparition des comportements perturbateurs (CP) ainsi que les interruptions du programme d’action (fractures) lors des cours d’EPS par des enseignants stagiaires tunisiens. Pour ce faire, une analyse videoscopique en differe a ete realisee sur deux groupes de stagiaires : un groupe experimental (GrExp ; n = 5) et un groupe temoin (GrTem ; n = 5). Un total de 929 CP est enregistre chez les deux groupes d’etudes dont 681 ont recus une reaction et 248 ne l’ont pas ete (gestion nulle ou hors champs visuel des stagiaires). Le GrExp en comparaison avec le GrTem s’est nettement ameliore quant a sa competence de prevenir et gerer l’indiscipline. Cette nouvelle habilite est traduite par une diminution de l’apparition des CP et des fractures de l’enseignement. L’etude invite a enrichir la formation initiale offerte en matiere de gestion de classe aux enseignants stagiaires afin de developper chez eux les strategies adequates de gestion de l’indiscipline lors des cours.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"53-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2018018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57995467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Les gestes dans l’apprentissage en danse contemporaine, entre mise en mots et mise en corps 现代舞学习中的手势，在文字和身体之间

Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.3917/SM.099.0003

Andrieu Bernard

{"title":"Les gestes dans l’apprentissage en danse contemporaine, entre mise en mots et mise en corps","authors":"Andrieu Bernard","doi":"10.3917/SM.099.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/SM.099.0003","url":null,"abstract":"L’enseignement de la danse met en jeu des gestes a enseigner, des gestes pedagogiques, des gestes reproduits par les enseignes et des gestes propres a chacun. Cet article fait suite a une enquete anthropologique menee, en Corse, de 2007 a 2016, par observation participante et entretiens semi-diriges, et completee par des entretiens d’explicitation aupres d’eleves danseurs. Il analyse dans quelle mesure les processus de cognition tant rationnels qu’emotionnels sont lies a la motricite dans l’apprentissage en danse contemporaine. La verbalisation de connaissances theoriques et la description metaphorique des gestes a enseigner ont leur place dans la transmission de cette danse. Son apprentissage, cependant, reside essentiellement en l’acquisition d’une connaissance procedurale, incorporee par experience directe et observation vicariante. Il repose sur une education sensorimotrice avec reciprocite d’ecoute kinesthesique et sensorielle entre les danseurs. Il consiste a apprendre non pas a reproduire les gestes d’une technique de danse mais a signifier et interpreter un sens choregraphique, de maniere personnalisee et au moyen des gestes de cette technique. C’est une demarche d’ecologisation corporelle, selon un processus neurocognitif prenant en compte les sensations, la sensibilite proprioceptive, les emotions et affects, et la conscience kinesthesique et empathique de ses partenaires.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70582470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The adaptation to standing long jump distance in parkour is performed by the modulation of specific variables prior and during take-off 跑酷运动员对立定跳远距离的适应是通过起跳前和起跳中特定变量的调节来实现的

Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1051/SM/2017022

S. Grosprêtre, P. Ufland, Daniel Jecker

{"title":"The adaptation to standing long jump distance in parkour is performed by the modulation of specific variables prior and during take-off","authors":"S. Grosprêtre, P. Ufland, Daniel Jecker","doi":"10.1051/SM/2017022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/SM/2017022","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed at investigating different variables that can be manipulated prior to and during take-off, to execute a specific standing long jump (SLJ) distance, according to jump expertise in parkour practitioners (= traceurs). Fourteen healthy young traceurs were included and separated into two groups: beginners (BEG) and experts (EXP). Firstly, classical vertical jump battery was used to characterize participants arm use and leg efficiency. Secondly, standing long jump (SLJ) performances were analyzed at four distances: 70, 80, 90, and 100% of each participant’s maximal SLJ distance. The force-time curves of the ground reaction forces (GRF) and the center of pressure (CoP) trajectory were measured with a force platform during the jump impulses. Take-off speed, angle and jump trajectory were estimated. For all of the participants, take-off speed and angle, power output, and vertical GRF during jump preparation (counter movement) varied with distance. The EXP group exhibited greater backward CoP excursion, greater arm participation, greater take-off velocity and a greater modulation of take-off angle than BEG group. When comparing jumps of similar distance, EXP exhibited a more curvilinear trajectory with a higher peak than BEG. To conclude, different motor strategies can be adopted based on the jump distance, and these strategies can evolve as parkour experience increases.","PeriodicalId":52082,"journal":{"name":"Movement and Sports Sciences - Science et Motricite","volume":"1 1","pages":"27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/SM/2017022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57994312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9