Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities最新文献

{"title":"(Not) Going Out and Barriers to Leaving the House for People With Intellectual Disabilities Through the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK","authors":"Sue Caton,&nbsp;Chris Hatton,&nbsp;Jill Bradshaw,&nbsp;Andrew Jahoda,&nbsp;Rosemary Kelly,&nbsp;Roseann Maguire,&nbsp;Edward Oloidi,&nbsp;Laurence Taggart,&nbsp;Stuart Todd,&nbsp;Richard P. Hastings,&nbsp;the Coronavirus and People with Learning Disabilities Study Team","doi":"10.1111/jar.13302","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.13302","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with intellectual disabilities commonly experience multiple barriers to ‘going out’.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper explores what barriers prevented people from going out, and if the extent and nature of going out changed over time for people with intellectual disabilities as the COVID-19 pandemic progressed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data are drawn from a wider study that explored, at four time points, the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities through the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The number of people leaving the house for almost all reasons increased over time through the pandemic, except for some outdoor participation and exercise. However, there was a significant decrease in outdoor exercise at the final time point of the study. Reliance on other people and a lack of availability of support were identified as barriers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A combination of factors restricted the extent to which people were going out even after COVID-19 protections were lifted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.13302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Unique Intersectional Experiences: LGBTQ+ Community Organisations Addressing Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities' Needs","authors":"Élise Milot,&nbsp;Ann-Sophie Otis,&nbsp;Kévin Lavoie,&nbsp;Martin Caouette,&nbsp;Bertille Marthouret","doi":"10.1111/jar.13308","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.13308","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This exploratory study aimed to enhance the understanding of practitioners' experiences within LGBTQ+ community organisations when providing interventions for LGBTQ+ individuals with intellectual disabilities. Three specific objectives were outlined: to document the situations and challenges encountered by practitioners; to identify perceived needs among LGBTQ+ individuals with intellectual disabilities and to elicit their suggestions for recommendations to improve services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A qualitative approach, involving in-depth interviews with 12 Québec-based LGBTQ+ community practitioners, underwent content analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings were organised around three themes: perceived support needs of LGBTQ+ people with intellectual disabilities; challenges experienced in intervention and recommendations to improve services. Findings reveal that practitioners frequently face significant challenges when supporting LGBTQ+ individuals with intellectual disabilities, who often struggle with multiple daily challenges and insufficient support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study highlights the need to empower LGBTQ+ organisations with essential skills and foster partnerships with public service staff to ensure a more inclusive, intersectional approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.13308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Validity of Abbreviated Walk Tests Among Adults With Mild to Moderate Intellectual Disability","authors":"Rena Wen Yi Goh,&nbsp;Gideon Ji Yan Chan,&nbsp;Lynn Amelia Mohammad Hanip,&nbsp;Boon Chong Kwok","doi":"10.1111/jar.13304","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.13304","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Walk tests are common gait speed and endurance assessments. Shorter test versions could benefit adults with intellectual disability. Thus, the concurrent validity of shorter tests was studied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-five adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability, aged 21–64 years, were assessed with the 4-m walk test, 10-m walk test for gait speed, 2-min walk test, and 6-min walk test for endurance. Correlation and Bland–Altman plots analyses were used to establish concurrent validity between shorter and standard tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Strong positive relationships were found for gait speed tests, <i>r</i> = 0.94, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, and endurance tests, <i>r</i> = 0.83, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, and differences between shorter and standard tests were within limits of agreement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The concurrent validity of shorter walk tests was established in this study. This would mean that adults with intellectual disability with lower levels of fitness could be assessed.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12624000203550.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adapting Complicated Grief Therapy for Use With People With Intellectual Disabilities: An Action Research Study","authors":"Damien O'Riordan,&nbsp;Emma Conway,&nbsp;Philip Dodd,&nbsp;Suzanne Guerin","doi":"10.1111/jar.13296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.13296","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is established evidence of complicated grief among people with an intellectual disability. This paper describes the process of adapting complicated grief therapy (CGT) for this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Action research documented the adaptation of CGT. Qualitative methods included analysing meeting notes, reflective interviews with two members of the team involved in adapting the materials, and interviews with six professionals working in disability settings who reviewed the adapted materials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Key processes included adapting the standardised tools that form part of CGT and developing adapted approaches to abstract concepts related to death, dying and bereavement. Key therapeutic components such as imaginal revisiting and the role of significant others required adaptation for implementation with people with intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The importance of adapting evidence-based therapies for people with intellectual disabilities is emphasised. This research provides an adapted form of an established therapy for piloting with this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.13296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “‘A Potentially Ticking Time Bomb’—Barriers for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in People With Intellectual Disabilities”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jar.13303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.13303","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plasil, T., E. M. I. Ersfjord, K. Berge, and L. M. Oldervoll. 2024. “‘A Potentially Ticking Time Bomb’—Barriers for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in People With Intellectual Disabilities.” <i>Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities</i> 37, no. 6: e13279. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.13279.</p><p>AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS: Tanja Plasil: Recruiting informants, data collection, data analysis, writing article. Ellen Margrete Iveland Ersfjord: Data analysis, input in article. Kim Berge: Recruiting of informants, data collection, input in article. Line M. Oldervoll: Project leader, input in article.</p><p>In the author contributions there was an error in the contributions of the authors. The correct list of contributions is:</p><p><b>Tanja Plasil:</b> recruiting informants, data collection, data analysis, writing article.</p><p><b>Ellen Margrete Iveland Ersfjord:</b> data collection, data analysis, input in article.</p><p><b>Kim Berge:</b> recruiting of informants, data collection, data analysis, input in article.</p><p><b>Line M. Oldervoll:</b> project leader, data collection, data analysis, input in article.</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.13303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a Capability Approach to Explore How People With Intellectual Disabilities Can Lead Flourishing Lives","authors":"Sara Ryan,&nbsp;Rosaleen O'Brien","doi":"10.1111/jar.13299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.13299","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with intellectual disabilities remain disadvantaged in many aspects of everyday life. Capability approach is an underused approach in social care research and has at its core the importance of having capabilities or opportunities to do what we value. We use this approach to explore how people with intellectual disabilities can be supported to lead flourishing lives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interviews and focus groups were conducted with 50 people with intellectual disabilities and 28 family carers. Data were analysed using an adapted template approach and conceptual analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our analysis led to the identification of one overarching theme; ‘Doing what you love and growing’ and sub-themes; ‘Choice, opportunity and empowerment’, ‘Being out in the world’ and ‘Lowered expectations and static lives’.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with intellectual disabilities can lead capability-deprived lives. Methodological and practice innovation is needed to better understand what people value and ensure they have capability sets that enable flourishing lives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.13299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘It's Not Like a One-Way Street’: Using Photovoice to Understand How College Students With Intellectual Disability Experience Interdependence","authors":"Jessica N. Hoyle,&nbsp;Jan Warren-Findlow,&nbsp;Lauren Wallace,&nbsp;James N. Laditka,&nbsp;Sarah B. Laditka","doi":"10.1111/jar.13297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.13297","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many people view people with intellectual disability primarily as needing help. That perspective limits relationships and can promote discrimination. We sought to better understand social relationships among young adults with intellectual disability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven postsecondary students with intellectual disability participated in a photovoice study, sharing photos and stories about giving and receiving help. They participated in individual interviews, a group meeting, and a photo exhibition, and helped identify results and conclusions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants viewed themselves as helpers and recipients of help. Themes were: foundational importance of families; openness to being helped; personal growth through challenging experiences; and tension between wanting to help and risks of helping others. Participants wanted to raise awareness that people with disabilities can help others, educate them about disability, and contribute to research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many young adults with intellectual disability want to contribute to relationships, which are often limited by others' expectations about disability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative and Positive Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canadians With Developmental Disabilities: A One-Year Ontario-Based Survey","authors":"Caroline Kassee,&nbsp;Patrick Jachyra,&nbsp;Vijitha Mahalingam,&nbsp;Ami Tint,&nbsp;Hsiang-Yuan Lin,&nbsp;Stephanie H. Ameis,&nbsp;Adriana Di Martino,&nbsp;Yona Lunsky,&nbsp;Meng-Chuan Lai","doi":"10.1111/jar.13300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.13300","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the experiences of people with developmental disabilities during the initial period of COVID-19 pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with developmental disabilities and their caregivers completed baseline and up to five follow-up online surveys using the CRISIS-AFAR measures, between July 2020 and September 2021. We used qualitative (thematic analysis) and quantitative (MANOVA) analytic methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred and eighteen participants (64 caregivers on individuals 6–62 years, 54 self-reporting individuals aged 17–55 years) completed baseline survey; 46 participants (23 caregivers, 23 self-reporting adults) completed ≥1 follow-up. Qualitative themes included uncertainty, and negative and positive influences on behaviours and routines, daily life and mental wellness. Those experiencing positive impacts did not stably perceive so longitudinally.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite both negative and positive influences on individuals with developmental disabilities and their families, the prolonged pandemic had wide-ranging repercussions. Emergency preparedness planning should consider the disruptive effects of public health measures on routine and support for this vulnerable population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.13300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators to Sustainable Technology Implementation in Care for People With Disabilities—Real World Data From a Three-Year Implementation Programme","authors":"Sanne van der Weegen,&nbsp;Agnes van der Poel,&nbsp;Eva Kagenaar,&nbsp;Ilse Bierhoff,&nbsp;Brigitte Boon","doi":"10.1111/jar.13298","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.13298","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Implementation issues often impede the realisation of the potential benefits of technology in disability care organisations for people with disabilities. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal study to gain insights into the barriers and facilitators to implementation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 2019 to 2022, data were collected using questionnaires and interviews during 28 implementation projects in 26 disability care organisations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Barriers and facilitators were identified using 9 themes and 26 subthemes. The main themes identified were finances, disability care organisations, internal collaborations, external collaborations, technology, care staff, project teams, people with disabilities, and context. Most factors mentioned as barriers in one organisation were mentioned as facilitators in others. This suggests that barriers can be resolved to improve implementation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A large number of barriers and facilitators spanning the organisation suggests that the implementation of technology should be considered an organisational reform. Acting upon them is crucial for the successful implementation of technology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.13298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated service delivery for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder","authors":"Katherine Flannigan,&nbsp;Devon C. Edwards,&nbsp;Lisa Murphy,&nbsp;Jacqueline Pei","doi":"10.1111/jar.13277","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.13277","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) experience complex needs that often necessitate support from multiple systems. There is growing evidence that people with FASD may benefit from integrated service delivery (ISD), but little is known about ISD elements and processes for this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a multi-method approach involving a literature review, analysis of programme data, and staff interviews, we examined how ISD is enacted at a rural Canadian FASD centre, and identified facilitators, barriers, and potential impacts of ISD at the centre.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We describe key elements of integrated FASD programming and identify important contextual factors and themes related to ISD barriers, facilitators, and impacts: (1) connection, (2) freedom and autonomy, (3) client-centred care, (4) learning and growth, (5) and reframing expectations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study may help to inform a roadmap for enhancing FASD service delivery and guiding FASD research and policy in Canada and beyond.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.13277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}