Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities最新文献

{"title":"Assessing Intellectual Disability in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Adults: A United Kingdom Delphi Study","authors":"Eimear McCabe,&nbsp;Freddie O'Donald,&nbsp;Doug McConachie,&nbsp;Clara Calia","doi":"10.1111/jar.70279","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70279","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>United Kingdom (UK) clinicians report growing demand for intellectual disability diagnostic assessment among adults from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, yet practice is variable, and evidence to guide assessment is limited. This study aimed to establish expert consensus on research, policy, and clinical practice priorities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A mixed-methods Delphi design was used, comprising three rounds. Twenty UK-based psychology experts met the inclusion criteria and completed iterative online surveys. Round 1 responses were analysed using template-based thematic analysis to generate statements for rating in subsequent Delphi rounds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 32 statements, 16 (50%) reached consensus. Priorities included developing and validating cross-culturally applicable cognitive tools, evaluating interpreter-mediated assessment, strengthening the measurement of cross-cultural adaptive behaviour, and improving service conditions and training.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Improving equity in intellectual disability assessment requires methodological and service-level resourcing and guidance to support best practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148414125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “What Are the Factors That Can Challenge and Promote Resilience in Parents of Children With Intellectual Disabilities? A Systematic Review”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jar.70211","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Tejakum, W.</span>, <span>M. Truesdale</span>, <span>C. Melville</span>, and <span>D. Cairns</span>. <span>2025</span>. “ <span>What Are the Factors That Can Challenge and Promote Resilience in Parents of Children With Intellectual Disabilities? A Systematic Review</span>.” <i>Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities</i> <span>38</span>, no. <span>6</span>: e70165. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70165.\u0000 </p><p>In paragraph 4 of the “Author Contributions” section, the text “Prof. Deborah Cairns contributed to the writing of the discussion and reviewed the manuscript for important content.” was incorrect. This should have read: “Prof. Deborah Cairns contributed to the design, methods, analysis, and interpretation of the results, writing the discussion and critically reviewed the manuscript.”</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148414051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Self-Regulation Strategies and Vocational Capacity Among Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities in Japan","authors":"Wuyunbilige Borjigin,&nbsp;Jieping Ou","doi":"10.1111/jar.70282","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70282","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sustainable employment for individuals with intellectual disabilities—encompassing acquisition and retention—substantially relies on vocational capacity, a domain widely recognised in organisational psychology literature as being predicted by self-regulation. This study examines self-regulation strategies across the vocational continuum by exploring their structure, influencing factors, and relationship with vocational capacity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional survey was administered to 366 adult participants (67% male) with intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Factor analysis identified five self-regulation strategies: flexible adjustment, goal-setting, work strategies, help-seeking, and environmental management. The application of these strategies was associated with the degree of intellectual disability and high school placement. Path analysis revealed that metacognitive strategies—specifically goal-setting and flexible adjustment—exerted a direct effect on work attitude and an indirect effect on vocational skills.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To enhance vocational capacity among individuals with intellectual disabilities, support staff should prioritise the application of metacognitive strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148414046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thinking Together; A Social Care Learning Community, ‘10 Minutes of Britney’ and Flourishing Lives","authors":"Sara Ryan,&nbsp;Siabhainn Russell","doi":"10.1111/jar.70281","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70281","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with intellectual disabilities continue to experience poor support despite considerable research evidence about what could be improved.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An online learning community of people with intellectual disabilities, carers, and social care staff, grounded in Sen's Capability Approach, explored how good support can be delivered in practice. Six sessions covered topics including confidence, belonging and thinking ahead.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thinking together generated ‘lightbulb moments’, most notably the realisation seemingly trivial preferences, like listening to Britney Spears, can hold profound personal value, yet are overlooked in formal care-planning. Lay team members went on tour with the findings, producing additional examples of low-cost activities termed ‘10 Minutes of Britney’.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Social care practice could be improved by systematically recognising and enabling such everyday capabilities, particularly within resource-constrained, austerity influenced service environments. It is important that these capabilities remain relevant to us all, rather than a distinct intervention for people with intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148407251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pragmatic Reasonable Accommodation in Everyday Medicine for People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Qualitative Study of Non-Psychiatric Physicians in Japan","authors":"Masaki Shoji,&nbsp;Rintaro Imafuku,&nbsp;Mei Mizomoto,&nbsp;Mitsuko Onda","doi":"10.1111/jar.70276","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70276","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Japan, providing reasonable accommodation for people with intellectual disabilities became mandatory on 1 April 2024, but evidence from non-psychiatric hospital care is limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted semi-structured interviews with nine hospital-based non-psychiatric physicians in Japan (October 2023–March 2024) and analysed data using inductive thematic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physicians described accommodations in (1) medication management tailored to understanding, preferences, and home support; (2) relationship-centred communication to elicit symptoms and confirm comprehension; and (3) flexible care processes, including time, environment, and team roles. They mitigated risks through witnessed explanations, clear documentation, and proactive coordination with nurses and family members.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Practical, workflow-embedded accommodations are common in non-psychiatric settings and could be strengthened by structured communication supports and systematic information sharing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148383362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(En)Abling Architectural Research: Co-Designing With People With Intellectual Disabilities","authors":"Menatalla Kasem,&nbsp;Zarah Kaleem,&nbsp;Sam Clark,&nbsp;Dikaios Sakellariou","doi":"10.1111/jar.70275","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70275","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with intellectual disabilities remain under-represented in architectural design and research. This paper draws on a doctoral study that explored how people with intellectual disabilities experience shopping centres. It aims to present an inclusive methodological framework that supports their meaningful participation in architectural research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study followed a Participatory Action Research approach supported by ethnographic methods. Data was generated through interviews, walking interviews, focus groups and co-design workshops and the data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analysis identified enabling measures that shaped an inclusive research environment, including collaboration with a self-advocacy organisation, the involvement of a co-researcher with lived experience, the use of prompts and flexible timelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The resulting framework offers practical guidance for researchers seeking to embed inclusive approaches within architectural research and related fields. The article is co-authored by academic researchers and a co-researcher with lived experience of an intellectual disability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Qualitative Exploration of Paid Carers' Experience of Caring for Men With Intellectual and/or Developmental Disability and Harmful Sexual Behaviour","authors":"Eleanor Drew,&nbsp;Lisa Richardson,&nbsp;Glynis Murphy,&nbsp;John Rose","doi":"10.1111/jar.70274","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70274","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Paid carers supporting men with Intellectual and Developmental Disability and Harmful Sexual Behaviour face complex challenges which can affect the carers well-being and quality of care for the person they support. This study explores carers' lived experiences of caring for this group of men.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six paid carers were interviewed regarding their experience of providing care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three superordinate themes were identified through the analysis: ‘The balance of drive and burden’, ‘External influence on care provided’ and ‘Co-producing care and support’. Carers found the role emotionally demanding and needed support from others to cope. The importance of person-centred care and carer responsiveness was also emphasised.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study highlights the emotional demands and negative public perception faced by paid carers. Clinical implications include enhancing professional recognition, strengthening organisational support and promoting emotional processing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70274","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148355055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Person-Directed Staffing and Quality of Life: Links Between Staff Choice, Perceived Staff Stability and Community Participation for Individuals With IDD in the United States","authors":"James Houseworth,&nbsp;Renáta Tichá,&nbsp;Roger J. Stancliffe,&nbsp;Sandra L. Pettingell,&nbsp;Yi-Chen Wu","doi":"10.1111/jar.70265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70265","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Direct support professionals (DSPs) are essential to individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), yet staff turnover remains a significant concern. This study examined whether individuals with IDD in the United States are involved in choosing their staff, how they perceive staff turnover and whether perceived staff stability is associated with quality of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the 2022–2023 National Core Indicators–In Person Survey were analysed to assess relationships between staff choice, perceived staff stability and outcomes related to everyday choice, support-related choice and alignment of community activities with personal preferences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals involved in choosing their staff were more likely to report greater staff stability. Perceived staff stability was associated with better alignment between community participation and personal preferences but was not significantly associated with choice-making outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings support person-directed service models and highlight the value of involving individuals with IDD in staffing decisions to promote staff stability and person-centred community participation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agency Under Constraint: Everyday Negotiations of Motherhood Among Women With Intellectual Disabilities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia","authors":"Ro'fah Ro'fah,&nbsp;Dina Vebiola Saraswati Kuntardi","doi":"10.1111/jar.70272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70272","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mothers with intellectual disabilities are frequently positioned within deficit-oriented and ableist discourses that question their parenting capacity. While recent scholarship has increasingly foregrounded lived experiences, limited attention has been given to how agency is exercised within relational and hierarchical family contexts, particularly outside high-income Western settings. This study examines how mothers with intellectual disabilities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, negotiate motherhood under conditions of stigma and family regulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A qualitative interpretive design was employed involving in-depth interviews with three mothers with intellectual disabilities in Yogyakarta, complemented by contextual interviews with family members and disability advocates, as well as participant observation. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, drawing on an integrated framework of stigma theory, relational autonomy, everyday resistance and ethics of care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three themes emerged inductively: negotiating reproductive decisions, negotiating maternal legitimacy and strategic silence and everyday care. The women actively negotiated reproductive decisions, maternal legitimacy and everyday caregiving through strategic timing of pregnancy disclosure, refusal of coerced abortion, insistence on marriage, selective silence and sustained involvement in their children's education and protection—enacting agency within structural constraint.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings challenge independence-based interpretations of parenting capacity and demonstrate how agency and vulnerability coexist. By presenting evidence from a Southeast Asian collectivist context, the study extends existing literature beyond its predominantly Western focus. A relational autonomy perspective provides a culturally grounded framework for understanding parenting among women with intellectual disabilities and has important implications for social work practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators to Community-Based Physical Activity Participation Among Children and Adolescents With Developmental Disabilities in South Korea: Professionals' and Parents' Perspectives","authors":"Jihee Woo,&nbsp;Wanho Jang","doi":"10.1111/jar.70270","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70270","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children and adolescents with developmental disabilities often encounter substantial barriers to physical activity. However, prior research has rarely provided a comprehensive understanding that integrates multiple perspectives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted semi-structured interviews with nine parents and seven sports professionals in South Korea. Data were analysed thematically using Braun and Clarke's six-phase framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Identified barriers included inaccessible or poorly maintained facilities, societal stigma, insufficient instructor qualifications, fragmented administrative systems, and uniform, short-term programmes. Parents also reported discomfort in inclusive settings and a preference for designated disability-friendly spaces. Facilitators included government-supported infrastructure, disability awareness training, family psychoeducation, structured instructor certification, and long-term, individualised programmes tailored to individual support needs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participation in physical activity is shaped by interconnected physical, attitudinal, institutional, social, and programmatic factors. Addressing these challenges requires inclusive infrastructure, standardised qualification systems, emotional and informational support for families, and sustained, tailored programme development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148310790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}