Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities最新文献

{"title":"Development of an Online Training Course for Government Employees to Support Families With a Child With Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities","authors":"Siméon T. A. Lahaije,&nbsp;Jorien Luijkx,&nbsp;Aly Waninge,&nbsp;Annette A. J. van der Putten","doi":"10.1111/jar.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Families with a child with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities have to manage the pervasive support needs of their child, which is a complex task. By properly supporting them, we can ensure these families live a positive and meaningful life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A product to support these families was developed using the method of Design Thinking, which included parents filling out three different questionnaires.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was found that parents preferred to be supported in strengthening their resilience and care capacity, specifically by improving the communication and (mutual) understanding between them and municipal government employees. An online training course for government employees was subsequently developed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study has led to the development of a product that can support families with a child with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities according to their needs and preferences. This study has also provided insights into how these parents prefer to be supported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Specialised Medical ID Expertise in Care Consultations for People With Intellectual Disabilities: Experiences of Caregivers and Patients","authors":"Marian E. J. Breuer,&nbsp;Esther J. Bakker-van Gijssel,&nbsp;Tim Pelle,&nbsp;Jenneken Naaldenberg,&nbsp;Geraline L. Leusink","doi":"10.1111/jar.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to explore patients' and their caregivers' experiences with and expectations of a medical consultation with a specialised ID physician at an outpatient ID practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients and their caregivers. Interview topics concerned (1) ID physician's knowledge and skills, (2) communication between participants and the ID physician and (3) coordination between the ID physician and other professionals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven themes addressing the roles of the ID physician were identified. Five roles relate to actions and attributes during medical consultations: clinician, patient-centred doctor, holistic physician, human and sparring partner for the patient's network. Two roles relate to actions and attributes around medical consultations: coordinator and advocate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers value ID physicians' roles beyond clinical skills during consultations, including roles related to care coordination, having a professional network and advocating in a broader context around medical consultations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is an Online Asynchronous Progressive Resistance Training Programme Feasible for Individuals With Down Syndrome?","authors":"D. A. Rubin,&nbsp;B. Clark,&nbsp;J. Lam,&nbsp;V. Vuong,&nbsp;J. Brito,&nbsp;K. L. Fisher","doi":"10.1111/jar.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Online exercise programming reduces transportation and scheduling barriers. This study explored the feasibility of online resistance training for individuals with Down syndrome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirteen individuals (3 M/10 F, age: 21.7 ± 5.9 years) began a 10-week programme delivered using a website with pre-recorded exercise videos (45–60 min each) for 3 days/week. Surveys were used to obtain feedback and track adherence. At baseline and after 10 weeks, participants completed the 30-s sit-to-stand, modified push-ups and 30-s bicep curl tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>11 (85%) participants completed the programme, and 8 participants (73%) met the ≥ 20 sessions goal. Participants rated (<i>n</i> = 267 ratings) most exercises easy to somewhat easy and exercise videos as fun to a lot of fun (<i>n</i> = 220 ratings, 86.2%). After 10 weeks, participants completed more push-ups (8 ± 6 vs. 12 ± 6; <i>p</i> = 0.031) and biceps curls (7 ± 3 vs. 11 ± 3; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Remote resistance training programmes may be feasible and should be further evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Barriers to Mental Health Supports During the Pandemic for Workers in Intellectual Disability Services","authors":"Madelaine Carter,&nbsp;Nicole Bobbette,&nbsp;Sabrina Campanella,&nbsp;Yona Lunsky","doi":"10.1111/jar.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Workers in the intellectual disability sector encounter significant work-related stress impacting their mental health. This study explores the barriers faced by these workers when accessing mental health support during the pandemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1831 surveys were completed by intellectual disability support workers from Ontario, Canada between 2021 and 2023. This is a secondary analysis of questions focused on barriers to accessing mental health services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>On average, 45% of workers reported experiencing barriers to accessing mental health support each year. The cost of services and lack of time were consistently identified as barriers. Workers reporting barriers were more likely to be younger, have less than 10 years of sector-specific experience, and report significant mental distress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sector-wide efforts to reduce barriers and improve the mental health of workers are critical to promote the wellbeing of the workforce and to support high-quality care for people with intellectual disabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaningful Engagement: Exploring Principles and Actions to Build Client and Caregiver Engagement Within a Community-Based Dual Diagnosis Service","authors":"Andrea Almas,&nbsp;Rosemary Lysaght,&nbsp;Susan Farrell,&nbsp;Lorrie Heffernan","doi":"10.1111/jar.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Engagement of individuals with an intellectual disability and their caregivers in health care has been highlighted as an essential factor in developing services that better meet client needs; however, few studies have focused on the engagement of individuals with a dual diagnosis (intellectual disability co-occurring with a mental health illness and/or challenging behaviour) in health care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This qualitative participatory action study engaged clients and their caregivers in exploring principles and actions that can be applied to build active and meaningful engagement within a specialised community-based mental health service for adults with a dual diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The four themes that emerged from the data–Collaboration, Communication, Empowering Environment, and Tailored Service–offered a way to conceptualise client and caregiver engagement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study underscores the importance of building a culture of service delivery that values, encourages, and supports client and caregiver engagement. Practical strategies for increasing engagement are provided.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Evaluation of the Step-by-Step Parenting Program for Expfectant Parents With Intellectual Disabilities","authors":"Maurice A. Feldman,&nbsp;Amanda Cappon,&nbsp;Kay Corbier,&nbsp;Vicky Caruana,&nbsp;Mechane Laronde,&nbsp;Kendra Thomson","doi":"10.1111/jar.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated the Step-by-Step Parenting Program (SBSPP) to prepare expectant parents with intellectual disabilities to care for their newborns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two expectant parents with intellectual disabilities were seen once or twice weekly in their homes for about 2 h over 16 and 20 weeks (21 and 27 sessions), respectively. The key measure was percentage correct scores on parenting skill checklists with an infant simulator (IS) and eventually the newborn. Newborn-care skills trained were sponge bath, dressing, ear and nose care, and treating cradle cap. SBSPP-IS training consisted of instructions, prompting, modelling, and feedback. Multiple baselines across skills and participant designs were used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trained skills increased and transferred to the newborns. Both parents have maintained custody of their infants for over 1 year.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides preliminary evidence that prenatal parent training may help expectant parents with intellectual disabilities to properly care for their newborns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Development of the Guernsey Community Participation and Leisure Assessment-Revised (GCPLA-R)”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jar.70015","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 Baker, P., L. Taylor-Roberts, and F. W. Jones. 2021. “Development of the Guernsey Community Participation and Leisure Assessment—Revised (GCPLA-R).” <i>Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities</i> 34, no. 1: 218–228.\u0000 </p><p>All references to 23 item scale should be 22 item scale. There are 3 mentions in the paper. All in the discussion—2 on page 8 and 1 page 10.</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jar.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of the Friendship Quality in Adults With Mild Intellectual Disability","authors":"Bojana Mastilo,&nbsp;Mirjana Đorđević,&nbsp;Nenad Glumbić,&nbsp;Haris Memisevic,&nbsp;Špela Golubović","doi":"10.1111/jar.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Friendship quality is crucial for psychological well-being, yet is often lower in persons with intellectual disabilities compared to their peers. This study explores the predictors of friendship quality among adults with mild intellectual disability, focusing on age, gender, living setting, psychiatric traits, and social cognition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample comprised 62 adults with mild intellectual disability (32 males, 30 females; ages 19–53), and 30 with significant psychiatric traits. Tools included the Friendship Quality Scale, Edinburgh Social Cognition Test, MINI PAS-ADD scale, and a demographic questionnaire.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Social cognition and age were the strongest predictors of friendship quality, with higher social cognition scores and younger age correlating with better quality. Gender, living setting, and psychiatric traits had less impact.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Social cognition and age are primary determinants of friendship quality in adults with mild intellectual disability, suggesting that interventions to enhance social cognition may benefit this population's social well-being.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Mild Intellectual Disability/Borderline Intellectual Functioning and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder to Treatment Outcome in Patients With Severe Mental Illness","authors":"H. J. H. Smits,&nbsp;B. L. Seelen-de Lang,&nbsp;H. L. I. Nijman,&nbsp;E. J. M. Penterman,&nbsp;J. G. Nieuwenhuis,&nbsp;E. O. Noorthoorn","doi":"10.1111/jar.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the associations among mild intellectual disability (IQ 50–70), borderline intellectual functioning (IQ 70–85) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with treatment outcomes in severely mentally ill patients could contribute to better tailoring of care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One or more assessments using the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) were obtained from patients in long-term outpatient care. The Screener for Intelligence and Learning Disabilities (SCIL) was used to screen for mild intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioning. The Trauma Screening Questionnaire was used to determine whether patients had PTSD symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Having more than six trauma-related symptoms and a SCIL score indicating an IQ between 70 and 85 were associated with less improvement on the HoNOS. No significant changes were found in patients with an estimated IQ below 70.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study confirms the value of screening for intellectual disability and trauma among severely mentally ill patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability of a Novel Parent-Mediated Executive Function Intervention for Young Children With Down Syndrome in Italy","authors":"Sara Colaianni,&nbsp;Madison M. Walsh,&nbsp;Sara Onnivello,&nbsp;Miranda E. Pinks,&nbsp;Chiara Marcolin,&nbsp;Kaylyn Van Deusen,&nbsp;Elisa Rossi,&nbsp;Nathaniel R. Riggs,&nbsp;Francesca Pulina,&nbsp;Lisa Daunhauer,&nbsp;Deborah J. Fidler,&nbsp;Silvia Lanfranchi","doi":"10.1111/jar.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jar.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with Down syndrome (DS) are predisposed to challenges with executive functions (EF), which are crucial for adaptive outcomes and academic success. Early interventions targeting EF are therefore critical. The present study analysed Italian data on the acceptability, enjoyability and household implementation of EXPO (EXecutive function Play Opportunities), a novel caregiver-mediated intervention designed to strengthen EF skills in young children with DS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nineteen families of children aged 42–93 months participated. Caregivers completed questions via a smartphone app and provided feedback through Mid-Point and Exit questionnaires.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Implementation and enjoyment remained consistent throughout the intervention. Caregivers reported positive effects of EXPO on children's everyday life skills and found the coaching sessions beneficial for successful program implementation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The EXPO intervention is acceptable and enjoyable for both caregivers and children, with caregivers reporting perceived improvements in children's everyday life skills after participating in the program.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51403,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities","volume":"38 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}